涩、止血。
苦能泄热，涩可收脱，烧黑能止血。（红见黑则止、同侧柏、卷柏烧存性、饭丸、止远
年下
血、亦可煎服。）治吐衄崩带。肠风下痢。惟去血过多。滑而不止者宜之。若早服。恐停瘀
为害。年久败棕良。与发灰同用尤佳。烧黑。须存性。不可烧过。窨地上。出火毒。
一名无食子。涩精、外用染须。
苦温入肾。涩精固气。强阴助阳。止遗淋。除泄痢。收阴汗。乌须发。性偏止涩。不宜
多用
、独用。出大食诸番。颗小纹细者佳。拣去虫食成孔者。忌铜铁器。用浆水于砂盆中研。焙
干。再研如乌犀色。（牙齿疼痛、绵裹没石子末一钱咬之、涎出吐去、效。）
一名诃子。涩肠敛肺、泻气。
苦温以泄气消痰。（海鱼放涎凝滑、船不能行、投诃子汤、寻化为水、化痰可知。）酸涩
以敛
肺收脱。除胀满。下食积。利咽喉。通津液。开音止渴。治冷气腹胀。膈气呕逆。痰嗽喘急
。泻痢脱肛。肠风崩带。（同乌梅、倍子则收敛、同陈皮、浓朴则下气、得人参治肺虚寒嗽
、得陈皮、砂仁治冷气腹胀、佐白术、莲子治虚寒久泻、佐樗皮治肠 便血、同蛇床、五味
、山茱、续断、杜仲治虚寒带下。）嗽痢初起者勿服。虽酸涩。却又泄气。气虚者亦忌。性
温。若肺有实热。泻痢因湿热。气喘因火冲者。法咸禁之。（丹溪以为降火、殊为不然、东
垣以为嗽药中不可用、亦属偏见。）从番舶来。岭南亦有。六棱黑色、肉浓者良。酒蒸一伏
时。去核焙。生用清金行气。熟用温胃固肠。核、止咳及痢。
涩味，具有止血功效。
苦味能泄热，涩味能收敛固脱，烧成炭后能止血。（红色见黑色则血止，可与侧柏、卷柏一同烧存性，制成饭丸，治疗多年的下部出血，也可以煎汤服用。）治疗吐血、衄血、崩漏、带下。肠风便血，痢疾。只有当失血过多，滑脱不止时才适宜使用。如果过早服用，恐怕会停滞瘀血造成危害。陈年的败棕榈效果较好，与发灰同用尤其佳妙。烧成炭时，必须保留药性，不可烧过头。放置在窖地中，以去除火毒。
又名无食子。涩精，外用可染黑胡须。
苦温入肾经。涩精固气，强阴助阳，止遗精淋浊，除泄痢，收阴汗，乌须发。药性偏于止涩，不宜多用，也不宜单独使用。产自大食国及各番邦。颗粒小、纹理细的为好。拣去被虫蛀成孔的。忌用铜铁器。用浆水在砂盆中研磨，焙干后再研至如乌犀色。（牙齿疼痛，用绵裹没石子末一钱咬之，涎出吐去，有效。）
又名诃子。涩肠敛肺，泻气。
苦温以泄气消痰。（海鱼因唾液凝结而滑腻，船不能行，投入诃子汤，很快化为水，可知其化痰之力。）酸涩以敛肺收脱，除胀满，下食积，利咽喉，通津液，开音止渴。治疗冷气腹胀，膈气呕逆，痰嗽喘急，泻痢脱肛，肠风崩带。（与乌梅、倍子同用则收敛，与陈皮、浓朴同用则下气，得人参治肺虚寒嗽，得陈皮、砂仁治冷气腹胀，佐白术、莲子治虚寒久泻，佐樗皮治肠便血，同蛇床、五味、山茱、续断、杜仲治虚寒带下。）咳嗽痢疾初起者勿服。虽酸涩，却又泄气，气虚者亦忌。药性温。若肺有实热，泻痢因湿热，气喘因火冲者，法咸禁之。（丹溪以为降火，殊为不然，东垣以为嗽药中不可用，亦属偏见。）从番舶来，岭南亦有。六棱黑色、肉浓者良。酒蒸一伏时，去核焙。生用清金行气，熟用温胃固肠。核，止咳及痢。
Astringent, stops bleeding.
Bitterness can drain heat, astringency can consolidate and prevent collapse, carbonization can stop bleeding. (Red turns to black to stop bleeding; can be used together with Cae Sidae Fibre Root (Ce Bai Ye) and Cae Japonicae Herba (Juan Bai), carbonized to retain efficacy, made into pills with rice flour, to treat chronic lower body bleeding; can also be decocted.) Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea. Wind in intestines causing bloody stool, dysentery. Only suitable when excessive blood loss leads to sliding and uncontrollable bleeding. If taken too early, it may cause blood stasis to accumulate and cause harm. Old, deteriorated palm fiber is effective; using it together with Ash of Human Hair (Fa Hui) is particularly good. When carbonizing, must retain the medicinal property, do not over-burn. Place in a cellar to remove fire toxicity.
Also known as Wu Shi Zi. Astringes essence, externally used to dye beard black.
Bitter and warm, enters Kidney meridian. Astringes essence and consolidates Qi, strengthens Yin and assists Yang, stops seminal emission and strangury, eliminates diarrhea and dysentery, collects damp sweat in genital area, darkens hair and beard. Nature leans towards astringency and stopping leakage, should not be used in large doses or exclusively. Originates from Dashi countries and various foreign regions. Small grains with fine texture are superior. Pick out those eaten by insects and hollowed out. Avoid copper and iron vessels. Grind in a mortar with fermented grain water, dry by baking, then grind again until it resembles the color of black rhinoceros horn. (For toothache, wrap one qian of Wu Shi Zi powder in cotton and bite on it, spit out saliva, effective.)
Also known as He Zi. Astringes intestines and consolidates lungs, drains Qi.
Bitter and warm to drain Qi and resolve phlegm. (Sea fish become slippery due to coagulated saliva, boats cannot move; throwing He Zi Tang into the water quickly dissolves them, demonstrating its ability to resolve phlegm.) Sour and astringent to consolidate lungs and prevent collapse, eliminate distension and fullness, descend food stagnation, benefit throat, promote fluid secretion, open voice and relieve thirst. Treats cold qi abdominal distension, diaphragmatic qi vomiting and reflux, phlegm cough and wheezing, diarrhea and dysentery with rectal prolapse, wind in intestines causing bloody stool and metrorrhagia. (Used together with Wumei and Beizi for astringency; used together with Chenpi and Houpo to direct Qi downward; combined with Renshen treats Lung deficiency cold cough; combined with Chenpi and Sharen treats cold qi abdominal distension; assisted by Baizhu and Lianzi treats chronic diarrhea due to deficiency-cold; assisted by Chupi treats intestinal bleeding; combined with Shechuangzi, Wuweizi, Shanzhuyu, Xuduan, and Duzhong treats leukorrhea due to deficiency-cold.) Do not take at the initial stage of cough and dysentery. Although sour and astringent, it also drains Qi, so those with Qi deficiency should avoid it. Nature is warm. If there is excess heat in the Lungs, dysentery due to damp-heat, or wheezing due to fire rushing upward, all methods strictly prohibit its use. (Danxi believed it descends fire, which is completely incorrect; Dongyuan believed it should not be used in cough medicines, which is also a biased view.) Comes from foreign ships, also found in Lingnan. Six-pronged, black, thick flesh is superior. Steamed with wine for one wu period (approx. 2 hours), remove core and bake. Raw use clears Metal and moves Qi, cooked use warms Stomach and consolidates intestines. Core: stops cough and dysentery.