滑、利窍、下有形滞物。
甘平滑利。入大小肠膀胱经。通二便。利诸窍。行经脉。渗湿热。滑胎产。（或胎死腹
中、
服汁亦可下。）下有形留着之物。治五淋肿满。（屑作粥食、小便利瘥。）嗽喘不眠。（嵇康养
生论云∶榆令人瞑。）疗疥癣秃疮，消赤肿妒乳。（和陈醋滓封、日六七易效、十剂曰∶滑可
去着、冬葵子、榆白皮之属是也。）有赤白二种。采皮为面。荒年当粮可食。香料用之。粘
滑胜于胶漆。去粗皮取白。（小儿虫疮、榆皮末和猪脂、涂绵上复之、立瘥、火灼烂疮、榆
皮嚼涂之。）
宣、祛风湿。
苦平。入血分。祛风去湿杀虫。能行经络、达病所。治风 顽痹。腰膝疼痛。（传信方、
海
桐、薏苡各二两、牛膝、芎 、羌活、地骨皮、五加皮各一两、生地十两、酒二斗浸饮。）
疳牙虫。（煎服或含漱。）疥癣目赤。（煎洗。）腰膝痛非风湿者不宜。出广南。皮白坚韧。
作索不烂。（风癣有虫、海桐皮、蛇床子末等分、腊猪脂调搽。）
补腰膝。
甘温能补。微辛能润。色紫入肝经气分。润肝燥。补肝虚。子能令母实。故兼补肾。肝
充则
筋健。肾充则骨强。能使筋骨相着。（皮中有丝、有筋骨相着之象。）治腰膝酸痛。（经曰∶
腰者肾之府、转移不能、肾将惫矣、膝者筋之府、屈伸不能、筋将惫矣、一少年新娶、得脚
软病
不效。孙琳曰∶此肾虚也、用杜仲一两、半酒半水煎服、六日全愈。
按腰痛不已者、属肾虚、痛有定处、属死血、往来走痛、属痰积、腰冷身重、遇寒即发、属
寒湿、或痛或止、属湿热、而其原无不有关于肾、以腰者肾之府也。）阴下湿痒。小便余沥
。胎漏（怀孕沥血。）胎堕。（惯堕胎者、受孕一两月、以杜仲八两、糯米煎汤浸透、炒断丝
、续断二两酒浸、山药六两糊丸、或枣肉丸、米饮下、二药大补肾气、托住胎元、则胎不堕
。）肾虽虚而火炽者勿用。产湖广湖南者佳。（色黄、皮薄肉浓。）去粗皮锉。或酥炙、蜜炙
、盐酒炒、姜汁炒、断丝用。恶元参。（川杜仲色黑、皮浓肉薄、不堪用。）
滑利，通利窍道，能下行排出体内有形的积滞物。
味甘、性平、质滑而利。归大肠、小肠、膀胱经。通利大小便。通利各种孔窍。通行经脉。渗泄湿热。滑利胎产。（若是胎死腹中，服用榆白皮汁液也可促使排出。）下行排出体内有形留着的积滞物。治疗五淋及肿胀满闷。（将榆白皮研成屑煮粥食用，小便通利后病愈。）咳嗽气喘失眠。（嵇康《养生论》说：榆树使人安眠。）治疗疥癣秃疮，消除红肿和妒乳（急性乳腺炎）。（与陈醋渣混合外敷，每天更换六到七次见效，十副药为一个疗程。《十剂》说：滑可去着，冬葵子、榆白皮这类药物就是代表。）榆白皮有赤、白两种。采集树皮制成粉末。荒年时可作为粮食食用。香料行业也使用它。粘性滑润胜过胶漆。需去除粗皮，取用白色部分。（小儿虫疮，将榆皮末与猪脂混合，涂在绵布上敷贴，立即痊愈；火灼烂疮，嚼碎榆皮涂抹患处。）
宣散，祛除风湿。
味苦、性平。入血分。祛风除湿杀虫。能通行经络，直达病所。治疗风邪引起的顽固痹证、腰膝疼痛。（《传信方》记载：海桐皮、薏苡仁各二两，牛膝、川芎、羌活、地骨皮、五加皮各一两，生地黄十两，酒二斗浸泡饮用。）治疗疳积牙疳虫蚀。（煎服或含漱。）治疗疥癣、目赤。（煎水清洗。）若腰膝疼痛非风湿所致则不宜使用。产于广南地区。树皮白色且坚韧，制作绳索不会腐烂。（风癣伴有虫蚀，将海桐皮、蛇床子末等量混合，用腊月猪脂调匀搽涂。）
补益腰膝。
味甘、性温能补益。微辛能滋润。色紫入肝经气分。滋润肝燥。补益肝虚。子（肾）能令母（肝）实，所以兼能补肾。肝气充足则筋健，肾气充足则骨强。能使筋骨紧密结合。（树皮中有丝状物，呈现出筋骨相着的景象。）治疗腰膝酸痛。（《内经》说：腰是肾的府邸，转动困难，说明肾气将要衰竭；膝是筋的府邸，屈伸困难，说明筋气将要衰竭。有一个少年新婚不久，患脚软病无效。孙琳说：这是肾虚，用杜仲一两，半酒半水煎服，六日痊愈。）按：腰痛不止者，属于肾虚；疼痛部位固定者，属于死血（瘀血）；疼痛游走不定者，属于痰积；腰部冷感身体沉重，遇寒即发作者，属于寒湿；时痛时止者，属于湿热，但其根源无不与肾有关，因为腰是肾的府邸。）阴部潮湿瘙痒。小便淋漓不尽。胎漏（怀孕期阴道少量出血）。胎堕（习惯性流产）。（习惯性流产者，受孕一两个月时，用杜仲八两、糯米煎汤浸透，炒断丝纹，再加续断二两酒浸，山药六两，糊丸或枣肉丸，米饮送下。这两味药大补肾气，托住胎元，则胎不堕。）肾虽虚但火炽盛者禁用。产于湖广湖南地区的为佳。（颜色黄，皮薄肉厚。）去除粗皮锉碎。或用酥油炙、蜜炙、盐酒炒、姜汁炒，需炒断丝纹使用。畏元参。（四川杜仲色黑，皮厚肉薄，不堪药用。）
Slippery and unblocking, it facilitates the orifices and descends to eliminate有形 (solid) stagnation.
Sweet, smooth, and slippery in nature. Enters the Large Intestine, Small Intestine, and Bladder meridians. Promotes urination and defecation. Unblocks various orifices. Circulates through the meridians. Leaches out damp-heat. Facilitates childbirth. (If the fetus has died in the uterus, drinking its juice can also induce expulsion.) Descends to eliminate solid retention. Treats the Five Stranguries (Wu Lin) with swelling and fullness. (Grind into powder for porridge; when urination becomes free, the illness improves.) Cough, wheezing, and insomnia. (Ji Kang's "Essay on Nourishing Life" states: Elm promotes sleep.) Treats scabies, tinea capitis, and alopecia; reduces redness, swelling, and acute mastitis. (Mix with dregs of aged vinegar for external application, changing 6-7 times daily until effective; ten doses constitute a course. The "Ten Categories" states: Slippery agents remove adherence; examples include seeds of Abutilon theophrasti and inner bark of Ulmus pumila.) There are red and white varieties. Harvest the bark and make it into flour. It can serve as food during famines. Used in spices. Its slipperiness surpasses glue and lacquer. Remove the rough outer bark and use only the white inner part. (For pediatric parasitic skin sores, mix elm bark powder with lard, apply on cotton cloth, and cover; immediate cure. For burns causing ulcerated sores, chew the bark and apply.)
Dispersing, expelling wind-dampness.
Bitter and neutral in nature. Enters the Blood level. Expels wind, removes dampness, and kills parasites. Can circulate through the meridians and reach the site of disease. Treats stubborn Bi-syndrome caused by wind, and pain in the lower back and knees. ("Chuanxin Fang": Soak equal amounts of Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis? No, here it is Cortex Haectionis (Haitongpi) and Semen Coicis (Yiyiren), each 2 liang; Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Niuxi), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Xiongqiao), Rhizoma Notopterygii (Qianghuo), Cortex Lycii (Digupi), Cortex Acanthopanacis Senticosi (Wujiapi), each 1 liang; Radix Rehmanniae Preparata? No, Radix Rehmanniae Recens (Shengdi) 10 liang; in 2 dou of wine, soak and drink.) Treats gan accumulation affecting teeth and worm erosion. (Decoct for oral administration or gargling.) Treats scabies, tinea, and red eyes. (Decoct for washing.) Not suitable if lower back and knee pain is not due to wind-dampness. Originates from Guangnan. The bark is white and tough, does not rot when made into ropes. (For wind-tinea with worms, mix Cortex Haectionis (Haitongpi) and Fructus Cnidii (Shechuangzi) powder in equal proportions, blend with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply.)
Tonifying lower back and knees.
Sweet and warm, capable of tonification. Slightly pungent, capable of moistening. Purple color enters the Qi level of the Liver meridian. Moistens liver dryness. Tonifies liver deficiency. Since the Kidney (Water) is the child of the Liver (Wood)? No, Wood generates Fire, Water generates Wood. Here it implies mutual generation or support. Actually, the text says "Zi neng ling mu shi" (The child can make the mother substantial). In Five Elements, Kidney (Water) generates Liver (Wood). So Kidney is Mother, Liver is Child? Wait, standard theory: Water generates Wood. So Kidney is Mother, Liver is Child. If Child makes Mother substantial, it refers to "Son assisting Mother" or replenishing the source. The text says "Kidney fills then Bone strengthens... thus also tonifies Kidney." It implies treating Liver helps Kidney via the generating cycle or vice versa. Let's stick to the text: "Child makes Mother substantial, therefore it also tonifies the Kidney." When Liver is充盈 (full/sufficient), tendons become strong. When Kidney is sufficient, bones become strong. It enables tendons and bones to adhere closely. (There are fibrous strands in the bark, resembling the connection between tendons and bones.) Treats soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees. ("Neijing" states: The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; inability to turn indicates the Kidney is failing. The knee is the mansion of the tendons; inability to flex/extend indicates the tendons are failing. A young man who had just married suffered from weak legs without effect from previous treatments. Sun Lin said: This is Kidney deficiency. Use 1 liang of Cortex Eucommiae (Duzhong), decocted in half wine and half water. Healed completely in six days.) Note: Persistent lower back pain belongs to Kidney deficiency. Pain with fixed location belongs to dead blood (blood stasis). Wandering pain belongs to phlegm accumulation. Cold waist and heavy body, triggered by cold, belongs to cold-dampness. Intermittent pain belongs to damp-heat. However, the root of all relates to the Kidney, because the waist is the mansion of the Kidney.) Dampness and itching in the genital area. Post-void dribbling. Tai Lou (vaginal bleeding during pregnancy). Tai Duo (habitual miscarriage). (For habitual miscarriage, at one to two months of gestation, use 8 liang of Cortex Eucommiae (Duzhong) and rice, decoct in soup, soak the bark until the fibers break, stir-fry to sever the silk. Add 2 liang of Radix Dipsaci (Xuduan) soaked in wine, and 6 liang of Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyao). Make into pills with paste or jujube meat, take with rice water. These two medicines greatly tonify Kidney Qi, supporting the fetal origin, preventing miscarriage.) Do not use if the Kidney is deficient but fire is blazing. Those from Hunan, Huguang region are superior. (Yellowish color, thin bark, thick flesh.) Remove rough bark and chop. Or process with su (clarified butter), honey, salt-wine, or ginger juice. Must be processed until the silk breaks. Adverse to Radix Scrophulariae (Yuanshen). Sichuan Duzhong is black, with thick bark and thin flesh, unsuitable for use.