润肺下气。
辛温润肺，苦温下气，化痰止渴。治寒热结气。咳逆上气。咳吐脓血。（专治血痰、为
血劳
圣药。）肺经虚热。小儿惊痫。（亦虚而有热。）能开喉痹。取恶涎。又能通利小肠。（本草
汇云∶苦能达下、辛可益金、故吐血保肺、收为上剂、虽入至高、善于达下、使气化及于州
都、小便自利。）辛散性滑。暂用之品。阴虚肺热者、不宜专用多用。须地黄麦冬共之。根
作节、紫色润软者良。（今人多以车前、旋复根伪之。）白者名女菀。（时珍曰∶紫入血分、
白入气分。）去头须。蜜水浸焙。款冬为使。恶天雄、瞿麦、 本、远志。畏茵陈。（妇人小
便卒不得出、或小便血、紫菀为末服。）
润肺、化痰止嗽。
辛温润肺。消痰除烦。定惊明目。治咳逆上气喘渴。（肺虚挟火。）喉痹肺痿。肺痈。咳
吐脓
血。为治嗽要药。（烧烟、以筒吸之、亦良、本草汇曰∶隆冬独秀、先春开敷、得肾之体、
先肾之用、故为温肺理嗽之最、大抵咳必因寒、寒为冬气、入肺为逆、款冬非肺家颛药、乃
使肺邪从肾、顺流而出也。款冬百合等分、蜜丸、名百花膏、治咳嗽痰血、凡阴虚劳嗽、
通用款冬、紫菀、百合、沙参、生地、麦冬、五味、苡仁、如内热骨蒸、加丹皮、地骨、若
嗽
肠、脏腑俱病、嗽而发热不止者、为阴虚火炎、皆难治。）十一二
月开花。如黄菊。（雪积冰坚、款花偏艳、想见其纯阳之禀、故其主用、皆辛温开豁也、却
不助火、可以久任。）微见花、未舒者良。（生河北关中、世多以枇杷蕊伪之。）拣净花。
甘草水浸一宿。曝用。得紫菀良。杏仁为使。恶皂角、元参、硝石。畏辛夷、青葙、麻黄、
连
贝
母、得之反良。口中疳疮、黄连等分为末、用唾津调成饼子、
先以蛇床煎汤漱口、乃以饼子敷之、立消。）
润肺，降气。
辛味温润以补肺，苦味温性以降气，化痰并止渴。治疗寒热互结之气滞。咳嗽气逆上冲。咳吐脓血。（专门治疗血痰，是治疗血劳的圣药。）肺经虚热。小儿惊风癫痫。（也是虚证兼有热邪的情况。）能开通喉痹，排出恶浊涎液。又能通利小肠。（《本草汇》说：苦味能通达下部，辛味能益补肺气，所以治疗吐血保肺，收敛止血列为上等药剂，虽然药性入至高之处，但善于通达下部，使气化作用到达州都（膀胱），小便自然通畅。）辛散且性质滑利，属于暂时使用的药物。阴虚肺热者，不宜单独大量使用。必须与地黄、麦冬配合使用。根部呈节状、紫色、润泽柔软者为佳。（现在的人多以车前草、旋覆花根来冒充。）白色的称为女菀。（李时珍说：紫色入血分，白色入气分。）去除头部和须根。用蜜水浸泡后焙干。款冬花作为引经药。畏忌天雄、瞿麦、藁本、远志。畏惧茵陈。（妇女小便突然不通，或小便出血，将紫菀研末服用。）
润肺，化痰止咳。
辛味温润以补肺。消除痰液，除烦安神。定惊明目。治疗咳嗽气逆气喘口渴。（肺虚伴有火邪。）喉痹，肺痿，肺痈，咳吐脓血。是治疗咳嗽的重要药物。（燃烧烟雾，通过竹筒吸入，效果也很好。《本草汇》说：隆冬时节独自秀丽，早春开花，具备肾的体性，先于肾发挥作用，所以是温肺理嗽的最佳药物。大抵咳嗽多因寒邪引起，寒为冬季之气，侵入肺中导致气逆，款冬并非肺家专属药物，而是引导肺邪从肾顺流而出。款冬花与百合等分，制成蜜丸，名为百花膏，治疗咳嗽痰血，凡是阴虚劳嗽，通用款冬、紫菀、百合、沙参、生地、麦冬、五味子、薏苡仁；如果内热骨蒸，加牡丹皮、地骨皮；如果是嗽肠，脏腑俱病，咳嗽发热不止，这是阴虚火炎，都难以治疗。）十一月十二月开花，像黄色的菊花。（雪积冰坚之时，款冬花特别艳丽，可见其禀受纯阳之气，所以其主要功效都是辛温开豁，却不助火，可以长期服用。）微微见花蕾、未舒展者为佳。（产于河北关中地区，世人多以枇杷蕊来冒充。）拣选干净的花。用甘草水浸泡一夜，晒干使用。得到紫菀配合效果好。杏仁作为引经药。畏忌皂角、玄参、硝石。畏惧辛夷、青葙子、麻黄、川贝母，得到它们反而效果良好。（口中疳疮，黄连等分为末，用唾液调成饼状，先用蛇床子煎汤漱口，然后将饼敷在患处，立即消退。）
Moisten the lungs and descend qi.
Acrid, warm, and moistening to benefit the lungs; bitter, warm, and descending to reduce qi; resolve phlegm and relieve thirst. Treats qi stagnation caused by the knotting of cold and heat. Cough with rebellious qi ascending. Coughing up pus and blood. (Specializes in treating bloody sputum, serving as a holy medicine for blood consumption.) Deficient heat in the Lung channel. Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. (Also applies to deficiency patterns accompanied by heat.) Can open throat obstruction (hou bi) and expel foul saliva. It can also promote urination through the small intestine. (*Bencao Hui* states: Bitterness can reach downward, acridity can benefit Metal [Lungs], thus it stops bleeding and protects the lungs, making it an excellent agent for astringency. Although its action reaches the highest level, it is adept at reaching downward, allowing Qi transformation to extend to Zhoudou [the bladder], so urination becomes smooth.) Acrid and dispersing, nature slippery. It is a temporary-use agent. Those with Yin deficiency and Lung heat should not use it exclusively or in large doses; it must be combined with Shudi Huangjing (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix). The root with nodes, purple in color, moist, and soft is superior. (People nowadays often counterfeit it with Cheqian Cao [Plantaginis Herba] and Xuanfugen [Inulae Radix].) The white variety is called Nüwan. (Shizhen says: Purple enters the Blood aspect, white enters the Qi aspect.) Remove the head and roots. Soak in honey water and bake dry. Kuantonghua (Coltsfoot Flower) serves as the guide herb. It is incompatible with Tianxiong (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata), Qumai (Dianthi Herba), Gaoben (Ligustici Wallichii Radix), and Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix). It fears Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba). (For women with sudden inability to urinate, or hematuria, take Nüwan powder orally.)
Moisten the lungs, resolve phlegm, and stop cough.
Acrid, warm, and moistening to benefit the lungs. Eliminate phlegm and remove vexation. Calm convulsions and brighten the eyes. Treat cough with rebellious qi, asthma, and thirst. (Lung deficiency with accompanying fire.) Throat obstruction (hou bi), lung atrophy fei wu, lung abscess fei yong, coughing up pus and blood. It is an essential medicine for treating cough. (Burn the smoke and inhale it through a bamboo tube; this method is also effective. *Bencao Hui* states: In deep winter, it stands out uniquely, blooming before spring, possessing the substance of the Kidney and utilizing the function of the Kidney first. Therefore, it is the best for warming the lungs and regulating cough. Generally, cough arises from cold; cold is the Qi of winter, invading the lungs causes rebellion. Kuantong is not exclusively a Lung herb, but rather guides Lung pathogens out smoothly via the Kidney. Equal parts of Kuantonghua (Coltsfoot Flower) and Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) made into honey pills are named Baihua Gao (Hundred Flowers Paste), treating cough with bloody sputum. For all Yin deficiency labor coughs, Kuantong, Ziwann, Baihe, Shashen, Shengdi, Maidong, Wuweizi, and Yiren are commonly used. If there is internal heat and bone-steaming fever, add Mudanpi and Digupi. If it involves "cough intestines" where both viscera and bowels are diseased, with continuous cough and fever, this indicates Yin deficiency with flaming fire, which is difficult to treat.) It blooms in the eleventh and twelfth lunar months, resembling yellow chrysanthemums. (When snow accumulates and ice is hard, Kuantong flowers remain particularly vibrant, revealing their endowment of pure Yang Qi. Thus, their main uses are all acrid-warm and resolving, yet they do not assist fire, allowing for long-term use.) Flowers slightly visible but not fully opened are superior. (Grown in Hebei and Guanzhong regions; people often counterfeit it with Pipa Rui [Loquat Flower Bud].) Select clean flowers. Soak in Licorice water overnight, then sun-dry for use. It works well when combined with Ziwann. Xingren (Apricot Seed) serves as the guide herb. It is incompatible with Zaojiao (Ziziphus Spinosae Fructus), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), and Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas). It fears Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos), Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), and Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus); obtaining them actually improves efficacy. (For mouth ulcers gan chuang, mix Huanglian equal parts into powder, form into cakes using saliva. First rinse the mouth with Shechuang decoction, then apply the cake to the lesion; it disappears immediately.)