补劳杀虫。
甘平。补虚劳。益脾胃。去瘀杀虫。（时珍曰∶接医说云∶越州邵氏女、年十八、病劳
瘵累
年、偶食鳜鱼羹、遂愈、观此、正与补劳益胃杀虫之说相符、则仙人刘凭隐士张志和之嗜此
鱼、非无谓也。）
温中止呕。
甘平。食之已呕。暖中益胃。一名鳏鱼。（其性独行、故曰鳏、诗云∶其鱼鲂鳏是也。）
一名
鱼。（健而难取、吞啖同类、池中有此、不能畜鱼、东山经云∶姑儿之水多 鱼、是也。）
补肾治劳。
甘温。治肾虚消渴。劳瘦虚损。一名 鱼。（音未）一名丙穴鱼。（嘉鱼乃乳穴中小鱼、
常食
乳水、所以益人、任 益州记云∶嘉鱼、二三月随水出丙穴、八九月逆水入丙穴、范成大虞
衡志云∶嘉鱼状如鲥而多脂、味极美、杜甫诗云∶鱼知丙穴由来美、是也。）
补、调胃。
甘平。开胃益气。（合 菜作羹良。）白鲞、主中恶。消宿食。炙食。能消瓜成水。治暴
下痢
。及卒腹胀不消。（陆文量菽园杂记云∶痢疾最忌油腻生冷、惟白鲞宜食、此说与本草主下
痢相合、盖鲞饮咸水、而性不热、且无脂不腻、故无热中之患、而消食理肠胃也、时珍曰∶
鲞能养人、人恒想之、故字从养、罗愿云∶诸鱼 干皆为鲞、其美不及石首、故独得专称白
鲞、若露风则变红色、失味也。）鱼鳔、暖精种子。首中有石。故名。又名江鱼、黄花鱼。（
甜瓜生者、用石首鲞骨插蒂上、一夜便熟、勒鲞骨亦然。）
补益虚劳，杀灭寄生虫。
味甘，性平。能补益虚损劳伤，健脾益胃，祛除瘀血，杀灭寄生虫。（李时珍说：引用医家的说法：越州邵氏的女儿，十八岁，患虚劳病多年，偶然吃了鳜鱼羹，于是痊愈了。看这个例子，正与补益虚劳、健益脾胃、杀灭寄生虫的说法相符。那么仙人刘凭和隐士张志和喜爱吃这种鱼，并非没有缘故。）
温中散寒，止呕。
味甘，性平。食用它可以停止呕吐，温暖中焦，益助脾胃。别名鳏鱼。（因为它的性情独立独行，所以叫鳏，《诗经》说：“那些鱼里有鲂鱼和鳏鱼”。）
别名 鱼。（这种鱼强健且难以捕捉，会吞食同类，池塘里如果有它，就不能养殖其他鱼。《东山经》说：“姑儿水中多 鱼”，就是指的这种鱼。）
补肾，治疗虚劳。
味甘，性温。治疗肾虚引起的消渴症，以及因虚劳导致的消瘦和虚损。别名 鱼。（读音为“未”）。别名丙穴鱼。（嘉鱼是乳穴中的小鱼，经常饮用乳水，所以对人有补益作用。任昉的《益州记》说：嘉鱼在二三月随水流从丙穴出来，八九月逆水流回丙穴。范成大的《虞衡志》说：嘉鱼形状像鲥鱼但油脂更多，味道极美。杜甫的诗说：“鱼知丙穴由来美”，就是指的这个。）
开胃。
味甘，性平。能开胃，通利五脏，使人体肥壮健壮。与各种药物无禁忌。
补益，调和脾胃。
味甘，性平。能开胃益气。（用鳜鱼和菜做成羹汤很好。）白鲞（干鳜鱼），主治中恶邪气。消除隔宿食物积滞。烤着吃，能消化瓜果使其化为水。治疗突发下痢。以及突然腹胀不消化。（陆文量《菽园杂记》说：痢疾最忌讳油腻生冷，只有白鲞适宜食用，这种说法与本草主治下痢的观点相合。大概是因为鲞饮用咸水，而性质不热，且没有脂肪不腻，所以没有热中之患，并能消食理肠胃。李时珍说：鲞能养人，人们常常想念它，所以字形从“养”。罗愿说：各种鱼晒干都叫鲞，但它的美味不及石首鱼，所以独得专称白鲞。如果暴露在露水和风中就会变成红色，失去美味。）鱼鳔，温暖精气，促进种子生成。石首鱼头中有石，因此得名。又名江鱼、黄花鱼。（生甜瓜，用石首鲞骨插在瓜蒂上，一夜就熟了，勒鲞骨也是如此。）
Tonifies consumptive disease and eliminates parasites.
Sweet, neutral in nature. Tonifies deficiency and consumptive conditions, benefits the spleen and stomach, removes blood stasis, and eliminates parasites. (Li Shizhen states: Citing medical accounts: The daughter of the Shao family in Yuezhou, aged eighteen, suffered from consumptive disease for years. After accidentally eating mandarin fish soup, she recovered. This case aligns perfectly with the theory that it tonifies consumptive disease, benefits the stomach, and eliminates parasites. Thus, the preference for this fish by the immortal Liu Ping and the recluse Zhang Zhihe was not without reason.)
Warms the middle jiao and stops vomiting.
Sweet, neutral in nature. Consuming it stops vomiting, warms the middle jiao, and benefits the stomach. Also known as Guan Yu (widower fish). (Its nature is solitary and independent, hence the name "Guan". The *Book of Songs* says: "Among the fish are Fang and Guan.")
Also known as [Name missing in text] fish. (It is vigorous and difficult to catch, swallowing its own kind. If present in a pond, other fish cannot be raised. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Eastern Sages* states: "The Gu'er waters have many [Name missing] fish," referring to this one.)
Tonifies the kidney and treats consumptive disease.
Sweet, warm in nature. Treats kidney deficiency causing thirst and wasting-thirst (Xiao Ke), as well as emaciation and deficiency due to overwork. Also known as [Name missing] fish (pronounced "Wei"). Also known as Bingxue Fish. (Jia fish are small fish from the Ru Cave. They often drink milky water, which benefits humans. Ren Fang's *Records of Yizhou* states: Jia fish emerge from Bing Cave following the water flow in the second and third lunar months, and return upstream into Bing Cave in the eighth and ninth lunar months. Fan Chengda's *Yu Heng Zhi* states: Jia fish resemble Si fish but are fattier and extremely delicious. Du Fu's poem says: "Fish know why Bing Cave is so beautiful," referring to this.)
Opens the appetite.
Sweet, neutral in nature. Opens the appetite, promotes the free flow of the five zang organs, and makes the body robust. Compatible with all herbs without contraindication.
Tonifying and harmonizing the stomach.
Sweet, neutral in nature. Opens the appetite and boosts qi. (Making soup with mandarin fish and vegetables is excellent.) Bai Xiang (dried mandarin fish) treats sudden evil invasion. Resolves retained food stagnation. When roasted, it can digest melons into liquid. Treats acute dysentery and sudden abdominal distension with indigestion. (Lu Wenliang's *Shuyuan Zabiji* states: Dysentery strictly forbids greasy and raw/cold foods; only dried mandarin fish is suitable. This aligns with materia medica treating dysentery. Likely because the fish drinks saltwater, has a non-heat nature, lacks grease, thus avoiding heat accumulation, while resolving food and regulating the intestines and stomach. Li Shizhen states: Dried fish nourishes people, who constantly crave it, hence the character includes 'nourish'. Luo Yuan states: All dried fish are called Xiang, but its flavor surpasses others, earning the exclusive title Bai Xiang. If exposed to dew and wind, it turns red and loses flavor.) Fish swim bladder warms essence and promotes seed generation. The head contains stones, hence the name. Also known as Jiang Yu or Yellow Croaker. (Inserting the bone of dried stone-head fish into the stem of a raw sweet melon ripens it overnight; using Le Xiang bone works similarly.)