（一名山漆）
\r参三七\pq16a1.bmp\r
散血可和伤。入胃行肝。广产野生种不一。行瘀并止痛。外敷内服。苦
多甘少性偏温。（参三七甘苦而温。以其能合金疮。如漆之粘物。出广地山中。故名。功专
散血。一切内服外敷之用。皆取其散血之功。阳明厥阴为多血之经。故入之。近时人家所种
者。其类甚多。而皆不及广产者良。广产者苦多甘少。其形如参。故谓之参三七。无瘀者勿
用。）
\r白头翁\pq16a.bmp\r
苦泄辛疏。能治传里伤寒。蕴成协热痢。凉瘀解表。毋使外来温疫扰乱少阳明。
（白头翁形似柴胡。春生苗叶。茎端有细白毛。一云近根处有白毛丛生。性味相近柴胡。形
质相近白薇。故本经有主治温疟寒热等证。然苦寒之中。有寓升发之意。故仲景治协热下痢
之证。有白头翁汤。以其解表清里。两擅其长也。白头翁散瘀逐热。是其专功。至解表不过
余力而已。一云即柴胡中拣出根有白毛者。或一类二种。故性味亦相似也。）
\r荠 \pq16.bmp\r
甘能解毒。清金除消渴之邪。寒可退阳。入肾治强中之火。（荠 即甜桔梗。甘寒入
肺。专解金石草木药毒蛊毒。以及疮毒疔肿沙虱禽兽诸毒。皆可服之。大清肺火。是其所长
。至所治强中消渴等疾。亦清其源而流自洁耳。又其所以成消渴强中者。或恣意服饵金石燥
毒等物。助阳肆欲。以致内火自焚。为害不浅。荠 能解之。）
（又名山漆）
参三七
具有散除瘀血、调和损伤的功效。入胃经，行肝经。广西出产的野生品种不一，能行散瘀血并止痛，既可外敷也可内服。味道苦多甘少，药性偏温。（参三七味甘、苦，性温。因为它能治疗金创出血，像漆一样粘合伤口，产于广西的山中，所以得名。功效专门在于散血，所有内服和外敷的用途，都是利用它散血的作用。阳明经和厥阴经是多血之经，所以药物进入这两条经脉。近来人们种植的参三七，种类很多，但都不如广西出产的好。广西出产的参三七苦味多而甘味少，形状像人参，所以称为参三七。没有瘀血的人不要使用。）
白头翁
味苦能泄降，味辛能疏解，能治疗传入体内的伤寒，蕴结而成的协热痢。能凉血化瘀、解除表邪，不要让外来的温疫扰乱少阳经和阳明经。
（白头翁的形状类似柴胡，春天生苗叶，茎端有细白的毛。另一种说法是靠近根部处有白色的毛丛生。其性味与柴胡相近，形质与白薇相近，所以《神农本草经》记载它能主治温疟、寒热等证候。然而在其苦寒之中，蕴含着升发之意，所以张仲景治疗协热下痢的证候时，使用了白头翁汤。因为它既能解表又能清里，两方面的长处都具备。白头翁散瘀逐热是它的专长，至于解表不过是余力而已。另一种说法是它是从柴胡中挑选出根部有白毛者，或者是同一类两种不同的植物，所以性味也相似。）
荠苨
味甘能解毒，清肺金以消除消渴病的邪气。性寒可退阳热，入肾经治疗强中证之火。（荠苨即甜桔梗，味甘、寒，入肺经，专门解除金石、草木药物的毒性、蛊毒，以及疮毒、疔肿、沙虱、禽兽等各种毒素，都可以服用它。大清肺火是它的特长。至于所治疗的强中、消渴等疾病，也是清除病源，那么下游自然洁净。又因为导致消渴、强中的原因，有时是肆意服用金石燥毒等物品，助长阳气、放纵欲望，导致体内火气自焚，危害不小。荠苨能够解除这种危害。）
(Also known as Shanqi)
Sanqī (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma)
Scatters blood and harmonizes injuries. Enters the Stomach channel and acts on the Liver channel. Wild varieties produced in Guangxi are diverse; it promotes blood circulation, removes stasis, and alleviates pain. It can be applied externally or taken internally. Its taste is predominantly bitter with little sweetness, and its nature is slightly warm. (Sanqī is sweet, bitter, and warm. It is named so because it can heal metallic wounds like lacquer adheres to objects, and it originates from the mountains of Guangxi. Its efficacy is specifically focused on scattering blood; all internal and external uses rely on this property. The Yangming and Jueyin channels are rich in blood, hence the herb enters them. Recently cultivated varieties are numerous but inferior to those wild-grown in Guangxi. Guangxi Sanqī has more bitterness than sweetness and resembles ginseng in shape, thus called "Ginseng Sanqi." It should not be used by those without blood stasis.)
Bai Tou Weng (Pulsatilla Root)
Bitter in flavor to drain, pungent to disperse; capable of treating Taiyang cold damage that has transmitted inward, resulting in Xiere dysentery (dysentery with fever). It cools blood, resolves stasis, and releases the exterior, preventing exogenous epidemic warmth from disturbing the Shaoyang and Yangming channels.
(Bai Tou Weng resembles Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) in shape, sprouting leaves in spring, with fine white hairs at the stem tip. Another account states white hairs cluster near the root base. Its properties and flavor are similar to Chaihu, and its form and substance resemble Baiwei (Cynanchi Atrati Radix). Thus, the *Shennong Bencao Jing* records it as treating conditions such as Wen疟 (warm malaria) and alternating chills and fever. However, within its bitter-cold nature lies an ascending and dispersing quality. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing used the Bai Tou Weng Decoction to treat Xiere dysentery, as it excels in both releasing the exterior and clearing the interior. Resolving stasis and driving out heat is its primary function; releasing the exterior is merely a secondary effect. Another view suggests it is selected from Chaihu roots possessing white hairs, or perhaps a variant species, explaining the similarity in properties and flavor.)
Ji Ni (Platycodon Root, Sweet Variety)
Sweet in flavor detoxifies; clears Metal (Lung) to eliminate pathogens of Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst). Cold in nature reduces Yang heat; enters the Kidney to treat fire associated with Qiang Zhong (priapism/excessive sexual desire). (Ji Ni refers to the sweet variety of Platycodon. Sweet and cold, it enters the Lung channel. It specializes in resolving toxicity from minerals, metals, herbs, Gu poison, as well as sores, carbuncles, sand mites, and venom from birds and beasts. It can be ingested for these purposes. Clearing Lung fire is its specialty. Regarding the treatment of Qiang Zhong and Xiao Ke, it clears the source, thereby purifying the downstream effects. The causes of Xiao Ke and Qiang Zhong often involve the reckless ingestion of mineral/metallic dry-toxic substances, which boost Yang and indulge desires, leading to self-immolation by internal fire—a significant harm. Ji Ni can resolve this.)