\r蕤仁\pq79a1.bmp\r
宣风热于肝家。眼目有灾。气升宜降。散结痰于心腹。甘寒无毒。性滑偏阴。（蕤仁
本经称其甘温。然观其主治心腹邪热结气。又治目赤肿痛等证。非温性之药所宜。故别录言
其性寒。却为有据。其润降之性。由肺达肝之意可想也。）
\r金樱子\pq79a.bmp\r
味酸涩以性温。达肝脾而入肾。涩精固气。虚而无火则相宜。闭蛰封藏。病若有邪
慎勿使。（金樱子酸涩性温。然须带生采之。太熟则色红味甘。全失涩味。且服之利人。故
采药当及时也。凡子皆降。可入下焦。其功全在固涩。凡一切久痢遗精。大小便不固。无邪
热者。皆可用之也。）
\r山茱萸\pq79.bmp\r
性敛偏温。固精补肾。味酸而涩。壮水生肝。（山茱萸酸温无毒。入肝肾。肝主疏
泄。肾主闭藏。疏泄太过。则滑脱不禁。当用酸涩之剂以收之。况遗精便滑。小便不固。以
及虚汗等证属虚者哉。使元气固则精血充。是以为之补也。此物如五味之酸味太甚。于人之
气血不甚相宜。虽虚脱者亦宜酌用。有邪火为患者。尤当禁之。）
\r山栀\pq80.bmp\r
味苦通心。导热归肠寒胜火。气轻达肺。炒焦入血黑平红。仁则解郁热于胃中。壳乃
退阳邪于皮部。（山栀其形尖圆。色赤象心。其质轻浮入肺。苦寒性降。能清心肺上焦之邪
热。屈曲下行。从小肠膀胱而出。炒黑则能清血分郁热。若邪热在胸膈蕴结不下。则生用。
栀仁亦能取吐。非山栀为吐药。不过引之作吐。以顺病势。所谓其高者因而越之也。）
蕤仁（Prunus mume seed）
宣散肝经的风热。治疗眼目疾患。气机上逆时适宜使用降气之法。消散心腹部的结聚痰浊。味甘、性寒、无毒。性质滑利，偏于阴柔。（《神农本草经》称其性温，但观察其主治心腹邪热结气，又治疗目赤肿痛等证候，并非温性药物所适宜。因此，《名医别录》言其性寒，是有依据的。其润降的性质，可以推想是由肺达肝的意旨。）
金樱子（Rosa laevigata fruit）
味酸、涩，性温。通达肝脾并进入肾经。固摄精气。适用于虚证而无火邪者。闭藏蛰伏，封固储藏。若病中有邪气，务必不要使用。（金樱子味酸、涩，性温，但必须带刺采摘。如果过于成熟，则颜色变红、味道变甘，完全失去涩味，且服用后对人有利（指补益而非固涩），所以采药应当及时。凡是果实皆具有沉降之性，可入下焦。其功效全在于固涩。凡是各种久痢、遗精、大小便不固，且无邪热者，都可以使用它。）
山茱萸（Cornus officinalis fruit）
性质收敛，偏温。固精补肾。味酸而涩。壮水以生肝木。（山茱萸味酸、温，无毒。入肝肾二经。肝主疏泄，肾主闭藏。疏泄太过，则滑脱不禁，应当使用酸涩的药物来收敛。何况遗精、大便滑泄、小便不固，以及虚汗等属于虚证的病候呢？使元气固摄，则精血充盈，这就是所谓的补益。此物像五味子一样，酸味太甚，对于人的气血不太相宜，即使是虚脱者也应酌情使用。有邪火为患者，尤其应当禁止使用。）
山栀（Gardeniae Fructus）
味苦，通心经。导热归入大肠，寒能胜火。气轻，达于肺经。炒焦后入血分，黑色平抑红色（指清热凉血）。仁则解胃中的郁热。壳乃退除皮表的阳邪。（山栀形状尖圆，色赤象心，其质轻浮入肺，苦寒性降，能清心肺上焦的邪热。屈曲下行，从小肠膀胱而出。炒黑则能清血分的郁热。若邪热在胸膈蕴结不下，则生用。栀仁也能引起呕吐，并非山栀是催吐药，不过是引导身体作吐，以顺应病势，所谓“其高者因而越之”也。）
Ruiren (Prunus mume Seed)
Disperses wind-heat in the Liver organ. Treats disasters/diseases of the eyes and eyesight. When Qi ascends, it is appropriate to descend it. Scatters nodulated phlegm in the heart and abdomen. Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Slippery nature, biased towards Yin. (*Shennong Bencao Jing* states its nature is warm. However, observing its indications for evil heat and stagnant Qi in the heart and abdomen, as well as treating conditions such as redness, swelling, and pain of the eyes, it is not suitable for a warm-natured herb. Therefore, *Mingyi Bielu* stating its nature is cold is well-founded. Its moistening and descending nature can be imagined as extending from the Lung to the Liver.)
Jinyingzi (Rosa Laevigata Fruit)
Acid and astringent, warm in nature. Reaches the Liver and Spleen and enters the Kidney meridian. Astringes essence and consolidates Qi. Suitable for deficiency patterns without fire. Closes and stores, seals and preserves. If there is pathogenic factor in the disease, do not use it. (Jinyingzi is acid, astringent, and warm, but must be harvested while still raw/immature. If too ripe, the color becomes red and taste sweet, completely losing the astringent flavor, and taking it benefits people [in a tonifying rather than astringing way], so herbal collection should be timely. All seeds have a descending property and can enter the Lower Jiao. Its efficacy lies entirely in astringency. It can be used for all kinds of chronic dysentery, spermatorrhea, and insecurity of urination and defecation, provided there is no evil heat.)
Shanzhuyu (Cornus Officinalis Fruit)
Nature is收敛 (astringent/consolidating), biased towards warm. Consolidates essence and tonifies the Kidney. Acid and astringent in taste. Strengthens Water to generate Liver Wood. (Shanzhuyu is acid, warm, and non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. The Liver governs dispersion and drainage; the Kidney governs closure and storage. Excessive dispersion and drainage lead to slipping and uncontrollable leakage, requiring acidic and astringent agents to gather it. How much more so for conditions belonging to deficiency, such as spermatorrhea, loose stools, insecure urination, and spontaneous sweating? By consolidating Yuan Qi, Essence and Blood become abundant; this is what is meant by tonification. This substance, like Wuweizi, has an excessively strong sour taste and is not very suitable for human Qi and Blood. Even in cases of collapse, it should be used with discretion. For those with evil fire pathogens, it is especially contraindicated.)
Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus)
Bitter in taste, unblocks the Heart meridian. Guides heat into the Intestines; cold overcomes fire. Light in aroma, reaches the Lung meridian. Charred, it enters the Blood level; black neutralizes red. The kernel resolves stagnant heat in the Stomach. The shell withdraws Yang pathogens from the skin surface. (Shanzhi is pointed and round, red in color resembling the Heart. Its texture is light and floating, entering the Lung. Bitter and cold, with a descending nature, it clears evil heat from the Upper Jiao of the Heart and Lungs. It winds downwards and exits via the Small Intestine and Bladder. Charred black, it clears stagnant heat in the Blood level. If evil heat is constrained and cannot descend in the chest and diaphragm, it is used raw. Shanzhi kernels can also induce vomiting. Shanzhi is not a vomitive drug per se, but merely guides the body to vomit, following the trend of the disease, as stated: "For those high up, cause them to vomit.")