\r枳壳\pq81a1.bmp\r
利膈宽胸。辛苦性寒破气滞。行痰逐水。和中化食入阳明。（枳壳亦橘类。逾淮而北
为枳。南即为橘。此亦地道使然。因之性味主治各异。枳壳即枳实之大者。味苦辛。性寒。
专主破气。气顺则胸膈利。痰行水消。三焦通泰。邪热蠲除耳。如欲制其燥性。助其消导。
可炒黑用之。）
\r枳实\pq81a1.bmp\r
性味与枳壳相同。功力较老者更猛。泻痰破积。承气赖之以先声。导水行瘀。金匮取
之而下达。治痞坚之峻剂。攻气分之神丹。（枳实即枳壳之初生而未熟者。如青皮陈皮之类
。性味主治皆同。而功力颇猛。故破积行血。消食消痰。皆赖之以承其气。或与补药同用。
或与泻药并投。在人之运用耳。）
\r石楠叶\pq81a.bmp\r
入肾善宣风气。苦辛平有毒须知。助阳可胜湿邪。筋骨肉无微不到。（石楠叶生山
谷间石上。其树皆向阳。故名。一云鸩鸟止于树上。一云下有蝮蛇。故有毒。土人称之为风
药。故善治风。其叶类枇杷叶。而背无毛。光而不皱。本经称其养肾气。别录言女子久服思
男。不过皆因其有助阳之功。然辛苦有毒之品。只可用之以治风寒痹着之邪。邪去则筋骨利
。肝肾安。不可谓其补而喜服也。）
枳壳
能够疏通膈部、宽畅胸中气机。其味辛苦，性寒，具有破除气滞的作用。能行化痰浊、驱逐水饮，入阳明经以调和脾胃、化解食积。（枳壳也属于橘类植物，枳树越过淮河以北生长结出的果实称为枳，向南生长则结出橘子，这是地理环境导致的差异，因此性味和主治功能各不相同。枳壳就是体积较大的枳实，味道苦辛，性质寒凉，专门用于破除气滞。气机顺畅后，胸膈部位就会通畅，痰液运行、水饮消散，三焦经络通达，邪热得以清除。如果想要抑制其燥烈之性，增强其消导作用，可以将其炒黑后使用。）
枳实
其性味与枳壳相同，但药力比老熟的枳壳更为猛烈。能泻除痰浊、破除积滞，在承气汤类方剂中依靠它来作为先锋；引导水液下行、推动瘀血运行，在《金匮要略》的方剂中取用它来使病邪从下而出。它是治疗心腹痞满坚硬的重剂，也是攻克气分积滞的神效丹药。（枳实是枳壳初生且未成熟的果实，就像青皮和陈皮的关系一样。它们的性味和主治功能都相同，但药力相当猛烈。因此，破除积滞、行血、消食、化痰，都依赖它来顺承气机。它可以与补益药同用，也可以与泻下药一起投服，全凭医生灵活运用。）
石楠叶
入肾经，善于宣散风气。其味苦辛，性平，有毒，必须注意这一点。它能辅助阳气，抵御湿邪，对筋骨肌肉无所不到。（石楠叶生长在山谷间的岩石上，这种树木都朝向阳光，因此得名。另一种说法是鸩鸟停在树上，还有一种说法是树下有蝮蛇，所以认为它有毒。当地人称之为风药，所以善于治疗风邪。它的叶子形状类似枇杷叶，但背面没有毛，光滑且不皱缩。《神农本草经》称它能滋养肾气，《名医别录》说女子长期服用会思慕男子，这些说法不过是因为它具有辅助阳气的功效。然而，像这样辛苦有毒的药物，只可用于治疗风寒湿邪阻滞经络的病证。邪气去除后，筋骨自然灵活，肝肾得以安宁，不能因为它有补益作用就喜欢长期服用。）
Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus)
It can unblock the diaphragm and broaden the chest. Its flavor is pungent and bitter, its nature is cold; it breaks qi stagnation. It moves phlegm and expels water, harmonizes the middle jiao, and transforms food accumulation, entering the Yangming channel. (Zhi Qiao also belongs to the citrus family. When the Zhi tree crosses north of the Huai River, it produces Zhi; when it grows south, it produces Ju (orange). This is due to geographical factors, resulting in different properties, flavors, and therapeutic indications. Zhi Qiao is the larger variety of Zhi Shi. It tastes pungent and bitter and is cold in nature, specializing in breaking qi stagnation. When qi flows smoothly, the chest and diaphragm become clear, phlegm moves, water dissipates, the Triple Burner becomes open and smooth, and pathogenic heat is eliminated. If one wishes to restrain its drying nature and enhance its digestive guidance, it can be used after being charred black.)
Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus)
Its properties and flavor are the same as Zhi Qiao, but its efficacy is more potent than that of the older fruit. It purges phlegm and breaks accumulations; Cheng Qi Tang relies on it to lead the way. It guides water downward and moves blood stasis; Jingui Yaolue utilizes it to direct pathogens downward. It is a severe agent for treating fullness and hardness in the epigastrium, and a divine pill for attacking qi branch accumulations. (Zhi Shi is the immature fruit of Zhi Qiao, similar to the relationship between Qing Pi and Chen Pi. Their properties, flavors, and therapeutic indications are all the same, but their potency is quite fierce. Therefore, breaking accumulations, moving blood, digesting food, and resolving phlegm all rely on it to support qi movement. It may be used together with tonifying herbs or simultaneously with purgative herbs, depending on the practitioner's application.)
Shi Nan Ye (Rhododendri Daurici Folium)
Enters the Kidney channel and is good at dispersing wind pathogens. Its flavor is pungent and bitter, its nature is neutral, and it is toxic; this must be noted. It assists yang and overcomes damp pathogens, reaching every part of the sinews, bones, and flesh. (Shi Nan Ye grows on rocks in mountain valleys. The trees all face the sun, hence the name. Another theory states that the Zhen bird rests on these trees, or that vipers are underneath, hence the belief in toxicity. Locals call it a "wind herb," so it is effective for treating wind disorders. Its leaves resemble those of Loquat Leaf (Pi Pa Ye), but lack hairs on the back, appearing smooth and unwrinkled. Ben Cao Jing states it nourishes Kidney Qi; Ming Yi Bie Lu says long-term consumption by women induces thoughts of men. These are merely because it has the function of assisting yang. However, such pungent, bitter, and toxic substances should only be used to treat wind-cold-bi obstruction. Once the pathogen is expelled, the sinews and bones become flexible, and the Liver and Kidneys are stabilized. One should not consider it a tonic and take it fondly or continuously.)