雄黄虫主明目辟兵不祥益气力状如 ○天社虫味甘无毒主绝孕益气如蜂大腰食草木叶
三月采○桑蠹虫味甘无毒主心暴痛金疮肉生不足（陈藏器云）桑蠹去气桃蠹辟鬼皆随所出而
各
有功又主小儿乳霍○石蠹虫主石癃小便不利生石中（陈藏器云）伊芳洛间水底石下有虫如蚕解
放
丝连缀小石如茧春夏羽化作小蛾水上飞一名石下新妇○行夜疗腹痛寒热利血一名负盘（陶隐
居云）今小儿呼 （音屈）盘或曰KT （音KT ）虫者也（陈藏器云） 盘虫一名负
盘一名夜
行蜚蠊又名员盘虽作相似终非一物戎人食之味极辛辣 盘虫有短翅飞不远好夜中行触之气出
也○蜗蠃味甘无毒主烛馆明目生江夏（陈藏器云）一名蛳螺小如田螺上有棱生溪水中寒汁主
明
目下水亦呼为螺○麋鱼味甘无毒主痹止血○丹戬味辛主心腹积血一名飞龙生蜀都如鼠负青股
蜚头赤七月七日采○扁前味甘有毒主鼠 癃利水道生山陵如牛虻翼赤五月八月采○ 类疗痹
内漏一名 短土色而文○蜚厉主妇人寒热○梗鸡味甘无毒疗痹○益符疗闭一名无舌○地防令
人不饥不渴生黄
六种神农本经一十四种名医别录
薰草味甘平无毒主明目止泪疗泄精去臭恶气伤寒头痛上气腰痛一名蕙草生下湿地三月采
阴干脱节者良（陶隐居云）俗人呼燕草状如茅而香者为薰草人家颇种之药录云叶如麻两两相
对
山海经云薰草麻叶而方茎赤花而黑实气如靡芜可以已厉今市人皆用燕草此则非今诗书家多用
蕙语而竟不知是何草尚其名而逆其实皆此类也（药性论云）薰草亦可单用味苦无毒能治鼻中
息
肉鼻 主泄精（陈藏器云）薰即蕙根此即是零陵香一名芜草○姑活味甘温无毒主大风邪气湿
痹
寒痛久服轻身益寿耐老一名冬葵子生河东（陶隐居云）方药亦无用此者乃有固活丸即是野葛
一
名尔此又名冬葵子非葵菜之冬葵子疗体乖异（唐本注云）别录一名鸡精也○别 味苦微温无
毒
主风寒湿痹身重四肢疼酸寒邪历节痛一名别枝一名别骑一名鳖 生蓝田川谷二月八月采（陶
隐居云）方家时有用处今俗亦绝尔○牡蒿味苦温无毒主充肌肤益气令人暴肥不可久服血脉满
盛生田野五月八月采（陶隐居云）方药不复用（唐本注云）齐头蒿也所在有之叶似防风细薄
无光
泽○石下长卿味咸平有毒主鬼疰精物邪恶气杀百精蛊毒老魅注易亡走啼哭悲伤恍惚一名徐长
卿生陇西池泽山谷（陶隐居云）此又名徐长卿恐是误尔方家无用此处俗中皆不复识也○麇俱
伦
切舌味辛微温无毒主霍乱腹痛吐逆心烦生水中五月采（陶隐居云）生小溪水中今人五月五日
采
干以疗霍乱良也○练石草味苦寒无毒主五癃破石淋膀胱中结气利水道小便生南阳川泽（陶隐
居云）一名烂石草又云即马矢蒿○弋共味苦寒无毒主惊气伤寒腹痛羸瘦皮中有邪气手足寒无
色生益州山谷（恶玉扎蜚蠊）○蕈（音谭）草味咸平无毒主养心气除心温温辛痛浸淫身热可
作盐
生淮南平泽七月采矾石为之使（药性论云）蕈草亦可单用味苦无毒主遍生风疮壮热理石为之
使
○五色符味苦微温主咳逆五脏邪气调中益气明目杀虱青符白符赤符黑符黄符各随色补其脏白
符一名女木生巴郡山谷（陶隐居云）方药皆不复用今人并无识者（吴氏云）五色石脂一名青
赤黄
白黑符○ （音襄）草味甘苦寒无毒主温疟寒热酸嘶邪气辟不祥生淮南山谷○翘根味甘寒平
有
小毒主下热气益阴精令人面悦好明目久服轻身耐老以作蒸饮酒病患生嵩高平泽二月八月采
（陶隐居云）方药不复用俗无识者○鼠姑味苦平寒无毒主咳逆上气寒热鼠 恶疮邪气一名
（音雪）生丹水（陶隐居云）今人不识此鼠姑乃牡丹又名鼠姑罔知孰是○船虹味酸无毒主下
气止
烦满可作浴汤药色黄生蜀郡立秋取（陶隐居云）方药不用俗人无识者○屈草味苦微寒无毒主
胸
胁下痛邪气肠间寒热阴痹久服轻身益气耐老生汉中川泽五月采（陶隐居云）方药不复用俗无
识
者○赤赫味苦寒有毒主痂疡恶败疮除三虫邪气生益州川谷二月八月采○淮木味苦平无毒主久
咳上气伤中虚羸补中益气女子阴蚀漏下赤白沃一名百岁城中木生晋阳平泽（陶隐居云）方药
亦
不复用○占斯味苦温无毒主邪气湿痹寒热疽疮除水坚积血症月闭无子小儿 不能行诸恶疮痈
肿止腹痛令女人有子一名炭皮生太山山谷采无时（陶隐居云）解野狼毒毒李云是樟树上寄生树
大
衔枝在肌肉今人皆以胡桃皮当之非是真也按桐君录云生上洛是木皮状如浓朴色似桂白其理一
纵一横今市人皆削乃似浓朴而无正纵横理不知此复是何物莫测真假何者为是也（药性论云）
占
斯臣味辛平无毒能治血症通利月水主脾热茱萸为之使主洗手足水烂疮○婴桃味辛平无毒主止
泄肠 除热调中益脾气令人好色美志一名牛桃一名英豆实大如麦多毛四月采阴干（陶隐居
云）
此非今果实婴桃形乃相似而实乖异山间乃时有方药亦不复用尔○鸩（直荫切）鸟毛有大毒入
五
脏烂杀人其口主杀蝮蛇毒一名 （音运）日生南海（陶隐居云）此乃是两种鸩鸟状如孔雀五
色杂
斑高硕黑颈赤喙出交广深山中 日鸟状如黑伧鸡能禁大石朽树令反觅蛇吞之作声似云同力故
江东人呼为同力鸟并啖蛇人误食其肉立即死鸩毛羽不可近人而并疗蛇毒带鸩喙亦辟蛇昔时皆
用鸩毛为毒酒故名鸩酒顷来不复尔又云有物赤色状如龙名海姜生海中亦大有毒甚于鸩羽也
（唐本注云）此鸟商州以南江岭间亦有人皆谙识其肉腥有毒亦不堪啖云羽画酒杀人此是浪证
按
玉篇引郭璞云鸩鸟大如雕长颈赤喙食蛇又说文广雅淮南子皆一名运日 运同也问交广人并云
日一名鸩鸟一名同力 日鸟外更无如孔雀者陶云如孔雀者交广人诳也
【背景信息】
书名：《本草品汇精要》 作者：王好古 朝代：元 章节：一十五种虫类 / 唐本退二十种 类别：本草
【待处理原文翻译】
雄黄虫（Realgar Insect）：主治明目、辟除兵灾与不祥之气、益气力。形状像○天社虫（Tianshe Insect）。味甘，无毒。主治绝育、益气。体型如蜂，腰部粗大，以食草木叶为生。三月采集。
桑蠹虫（Mulberry Borer）：味甘，无毒。主治心部突发疼痛、金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）后肌肉生长不足。（陈藏器说）桑蠹能去气，桃蠹能辟鬼，都随其出处而各有功效。又主治小儿乳霍乱（一种婴幼儿急性胃肠疾病）。
石蠹虫（Stone Borer）：主治石癃（因结石导致的小便不通）、小便不利。生于石头中。（陈藏器说）伊洛地区水底石头下有虫如蚕，解放出丝连缀小石成茧状，春夏羽化变成小蛾在水上飞，一名“石下新妇”。
行夜（Xingye）：治疗腹痛、寒热、利血。一名负盘（Fupan）。（陶隐居说）现在小儿叫它（音屈）盘，或者说KT（音KT）虫。（陈藏器说）盘虫一名负盘，一名夜行。蜚蠊（Feilian, Cockroach）又名员盘，虽然看起来相似，终究不是同一种物。戎人食用它，味道极辛辣。盘虫有短翅，飞不远，喜欢夜间行走，触碰它时会有气体排出。
蜗蠃（Woluo）：味甘，无毒。主治烛馆（疑为眼疾或特定部位病症）、明目。生于江夏。（陈藏器说）一名蛳螺，小如田螺，上有棱，生溪水中。寒汁主治明目，下水（指排泄物或药引）亦呼为螺。
麋鱼（Mi Fish）：味甘，无毒。主治痹证（Bi Syndrome）、止血。
丹戬（Dan Jian）：味辛，主治心腹积血。一名飞龙。生于蜀地都城附近，形状如鼠，背负青色股部，头部红色。七月七日采集。
扁前（Bian Qian）：味甘，有毒。主治鼠瘘（类似淋巴结核的慢性溃疡）、利水道。生于山陵，形状如牛虻，翅膀红色。五月、八月采集。
（缺字）类：治疗痹证、内漏（Internal Leakage）。一名（缺字）短。土色而有纹理。
蜚厉（Feili）：主治妇人寒热往来。
梗鸡（Geng Ji）：味甘，无毒。治疗痹证。
益符（Yi Fu）：治疗闭症（Obstruction）。一名无舌。
地防（Di Fang）：使人不饥不渴。生于黄土中。
薰草（Xun Cao）：味甘平，无毒。主治明目、止泪、治疗泄精、去除臭恶之气。主治伤寒头痛、上气、腰痛。一名蕙草。生于低湿之地，三月采集，阴干，脱节者良。（陶隐居说）俗人称为燕草，形状像茅草但有香气的是薰草。人家颇多种植它。《药录》说叶子像麻，两两相对。《山海经》说薰草麻叶而方茎，红花黑实，气味像靡芜，可以治愈瘟疫。现在市场上都用燕草，这就不是真正的薰草了。诗书家多用“蕙”语，却竟不知是什么草，只保留其名而违背其实，都是这类情况。（《药性论》说）薰草也可以单用，味苦，无毒，能治鼻中息肉、鼻渊，主治泄精。（陈藏器说）薰即蕙根，这就是零陵香，一名芜草。
姑活（Gu Huo）：味甘温，无毒。主治大风邪气、湿痹、寒痛。久服轻身益寿、耐老。一名冬葵子。生于河东。（陶隐居说）方药中已无用此者。这里有固活丸，即是野葛一名尔。这又名冬葵子，但不是葵菜之冬葵子，疗效体性乖异。（《唐本注》说）《别录》称一名鸡精。
别（Bie）：味苦，微温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹、身重、四肢疼酸、寒邪历节痛。一名别枝，一名别骑，一名鳖（Bie）。生于蓝田川谷，二月、八月采集。（陶隐居说）方家有时使用，现在世俗已绝迹。
牡蒿（Mu Hao）：味苦，温，无毒。主治充实肌肤、益气、使人暴肥，不可久服，否则血脉满盛。生于田野，五月、八月采集。（陶隐居说）方药不再使用。（《唐本注》说）即齐头蒿。各地都有，叶似防风，细薄无光泽。
石下长卿（Shixia Changqing）：味咸平，有毒。主治鬼疰（Gui Zhu, a type of infectious disease）、精物邪恶气、杀百精蛊毒、老魅注易（附体变化）、亡走啼哭悲伤恍惚。一名徐长卿。生于陇西池泽山谷。（陶隐居说）这又名徐长卿，恐怕是误传。方家不用，此处俗人也都不认识了。
麇俱伦切舌（Jun Ju Lun Qie She）：味辛，微温，无毒。主治霍乱、腹痛、吐逆、心烦。生于水中，五月采集。（陶隐居说）生在小溪水中，今人五月五日采干以治疗霍乱，效果很好。
练石草（Lian Shi Cao）：味苦，寒，无毒。主治五癃（五种小便不通）、破石淋、膀胱中结气、利水道、小便。生于南阳川泽。（陶隐居说）一名烂石草，又说即马矢蒿。
弋共（Yi Gong）：味苦，寒，无毒。主治惊气、伤寒腹痛、羸瘦、皮中有邪气、手足寒无色。生于益州山谷。（恶玉扎蜚蠊）
蕈（Tan）草：味咸平，无毒。主治养心气、除心温温辛痛、浸淫身热。可作盐用。生于淮南平泽，七月采集。矾石为之使。（《药性论》说）蕈草亦可单用，味苦，无毒，主治遍生风疮、壮热。理石为之使。
五色符（Wu Se Fu）：味苦，微温。主治咳逆、五脏邪气、调中益气、明目、杀虱。青符、白符、赤符、黑符、黄符各随颜色补其脏。白符一名女木。生于巴郡山谷。（陶隐居说）方药皆不再使用，今人并无识者。（吴氏说）五色石脂一名青赤黄白黑符。
（音襄）草：味甘苦，寒，无毒。主治温疟、寒热、酸嘶、邪气、辟不祥。生于淮南山谷。
翘根（Qiao Gen）：味甘寒平，有小毒。主治下热气、益阴精、令人面悦好、明目。久服轻身耐老。以作蒸饮酒病患。生于嵩高平泽，二月、八月采集。（陶隐居说）方药不再使用，俗人无识者。
鼠姑（Shu Gu）：味苦平，寒，无毒。主治咳逆上气、寒热、鼠瘘、恶疮、邪气。一名（音雪）。生于丹水。（陶隐居说）今人不识此鼠姑，乃牡丹又名鼠姑，罔知孰是。
船虹（Chuan Hong）：味酸，无毒。主治下气、止烦满。可作浴汤药。色黄。生于蜀郡。立秋取。（陶隐居说）方药不用，俗人无识者。
屈草（Qu Cao）：味苦，微寒，无毒。主治胸胁下痛、邪气、肠间寒热、阴痹。久服轻身益气耐老。生于汉中川泽，五月采集。（陶隐居说）方药不再使用，俗人无识者。
赤赫（Chi He）：味苦，寒，有毒。主治痂疡、恶败疮、除三虫、邪气。生于益州川谷，二月、八月采集。
淮木（Huai Mu）：味苦平，无毒。主治久咳上气、伤中虚羸、补中益气、女子阴蚀漏下赤白沃（带下病）。一名百岁城中木。生于晋阳平泽。（陶隐居说）方药亦不再使用。
占斯（Zhan Si）：味苦，温，无毒。主治邪气、湿痹、寒热、疽疮、除水坚积血症、月闭无子、小儿（缺字）不能行、诸恶疮痈肿、止腹痛、令女人有子。一名炭皮。生于太山山谷，采无时。（陶隐居说）解野狼毒毒。李云是樟树上寄生树，大衔枝在肌肉。今人皆以胡桃皮当之，非是真也。按《桐君录》说生上洛，是木皮，状如浓朴，色似桂白，其理一纵一横。今市人皆削，乃似浓朴而无正纵横理，不知此复是何物，莫测真假何者为是也。（《药性论》说）占斯臣，味辛平，无毒，能治血症、通利月水、主脾热。茱萸为之使。主洗手足水烂疮。
婴桃（Ying Tao）：味辛平，无毒。主治止泄肠、除热、调中、益脾气、令人好色美志。一名牛桃，一名英豆。实大如麦，多毛。四月采，阴干。（陶隐居说）此非今果实婴桃，形乃相似而实乖异。山间乃时有，方药亦不复用尔。
鸩（Zhen）鸟毛：有大毒，入五脏烂杀人。其口主杀蝮蛇毒。一名（音运）日。生于南海。（陶隐居说）此乃是两种鸩鸟。状如孔雀，五色杂斑，高硕黑颈赤喙，出交广深山中。（运）日鸟状如黑伧鸡，能禁大石朽树令反，觅蛇吞之作声，似云“同力”，故江东人呼为同力鸟。并啖蛇人，误食其肉立即死。鸩毛羽不可近人，而并疗蛇毒，带鸩喙亦辟蛇。昔时皆用鸩毛为毒酒，故名鸩酒。顷来不复尔。又云有物赤色，状如龙，名海姜，生海中，亦大有毒，甚于鸩羽也。（《唐本注》说）此鸟商州以南江岭间亦有人，皆谙识其肉腥有毒，亦不堪啖。云羽画酒杀人，此是浪证。按《玉篇》引郭璞云：鸩鸟大如雕，长颈赤喙，食蛇。又说《文广雅》、《淮南子》皆一名运日，运同也。问交广人，并云（运）日一名鸩鸟，一名同力。（运）日鸟外更无如孔雀者，陶云如孔雀者，交广人诳也。
Background Information:
Book: *Bencao Pinhui Jingyao* (Essential Collection of Materia Medica)
Author: Wang Haogu
Dynasty: Yuan
Chapter: Fifteen Types of Insects / Twenty Items Retreated from Tang Ben
Category: Materia Medica
Translation:
Realgar Insect: Primarily treats brightening the eyes, warding off military disasters and inauspicious qi, and boosting vital energy. Its shape resembles the Tianshe Insect. It tastes sweet and is non-toxic. It treats sterility and boosts energy. It is bee-sized with a thick waist and feeds on tree and grass leaves. Harvested in March.
Mulberry Borer: Tastes sweet and is non-toxic. Treats sudden heart pain and insufficient flesh regeneration after metal weapon injuries. (Chen Zangqi states) Mulberry borers remove stagnant qi, while peach borers ward off ghosts; both have efficacy according to their origin. It also treats infantile lactation cholera.
Stone Borer: Treats stone strangury (urinary obstruction due to calculi) and difficult urination. Grows inside stones. (Chen Zangqi states) In the Yi and Luo regions, there are insects under water-covered stones resembling silkworms that spin silk to bind small stones into cocoons. They pupate in spring and summer into small moths that fly over water, known as "New Bride Under the Stone."
Xingye (Night Walker): Treats abdominal pain, alternating chills and fever, and bloody dysentery. Also known as Fupan. (Tao Hongjing states) Children now call it Qu Pan or KT Chong. (Chen Zangqi states) The Pan insect is also called Fupan or Night Walker. Feilian (Cockroach), also known as Yuan Pan, looks similar but is not the same species. Rong people eat it; it tastes extremely spicy. The Pan insect has short wings, flies poorly, prefers night activity, and emits gas when touched.
Woluo: Tastes sweet and is non-toxic. Treats specific eye conditions and brightens vision. Grows in Jiangxia. (Chen Zangqi states) Also known as Siluo, small like a field snail, with ridges, growing in streams. Cold juice treats brightening vision; drainage is also called Luo.
Mi Fish: Tastes sweet and is non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome (obstructive pain) and stops bleeding.
Dan Jian: Tastes pungent. Treats accumulated blood in the heart and abdomen. Also known as Flying Dragon. Grows near Shu capital, mouse-shaped with green hind legs and red head. Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
Bian Qian: Tastes sweet and is toxic. Treats rat fistula (chronic ulcerative lymphadenitis) and promotes diuresis. Grows on hills, resembling a horsefly with red wings. Harvested in May and August.
[Missing Character] Lei: Treats Bi syndrome and internal leakage. Also known as [Missing Character] Duan. Earth-colored with texture.
Feili: Treats alternating chills and fever in women.
Geng Ji: Tastes sweet and is non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome.
Yi Fu: Treats obstruction syndromes. Also known as Tongueless.
Di Fang: Prevents hunger and thirst. Grows in yellow earth.
The following six items are from *Shennong Bencao Jing*, and fourteen are from *Mingyi Bielu*.
Xun Cao: Tastes sweet and neutral, non-toxic. Treats brightening eyes, stopping tears, treating seminal emission, removing foul odors. Treats cold damage headache, rising qi, and lower back pain. Also known as Hui Cao. Grows in damp lowlands, harvested in March, dried in shade; those with detached joints are superior. (Tao Hongjing states) Commonly called Yancao, resembling reeds but fragrant, is Xun Cao. It is widely planted. *Yaolu* states leaves resemble hemp, paired opposite each other. *Shanhaijing* states Xun Cao has hemp-like leaves and square stems, red flowers, black fruits, and a scent like Miwu, capable of curing plagues. Market vendors currently use Yancao, which is incorrect. Scholars often use the term "Hui" without knowing the actual plant, preserving the name but violating reality. (*Yaoxing Lun* states) Xun Cao can be used alone, tastes bitter, non-toxic, treats nasal polyps and rhinorrhea, and treats seminal emission. (Chen Zangqi states) Xun is the root of Hui, which is Lingling Xiang, also known as Wugcao.
Gu Huo: Tastes sweet and warm, non-toxic. Treats severe wind-pathogenic factors, damp-Bi, and cold pain. Long-term use lightens the body, benefits longevity, and delays aging. Also known as Dong Kui Zi. Grows in Hedong. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used in prescriptions. There is a Guhuo Pill, which is Yege. This is also called Dong Kui Zi, but differs from the Dong Kui Zi of vegetable kelp; its therapeutic properties are distinct. (*Tang Ben Zhu* states) *Bielu* calls it one name: Chicken Spirit.
Bie: Tastes bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Treats wind-cold-damp Bi, heavy body, soreness and pain in limbs, and cold pathogen joint pain. Also known as Bie Zhi, Bie Qi, and Bie. Grows in Lantian valleys, harvested in February and August. (Tao Hongjing states) Occasionally used by physicians, but obsolete in common practice.
Mu Hao: Tastes bitter, warm, non-toxic. Nourishes flesh, boosts qi, causes rapid weight gain; cannot be taken long-term as it causes fullness of blood vessels. Grows in fields, harvested in May and August. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used in prescriptions. (*Tang Ben Zhu* states) It is Qitou Hao, found everywhere, with thin, glossy-less leaves resembling Fengfang.
Shixia Changqing: Tastes salty and neutral, toxic. Treats Gui Zhu (infectious disease), evil qi from spirits, kills various gu poisons and old demons causing erratic behavior, crying, sadness, and confusion. Also known as Xu Changqing. Grows in Longxi marshes and valleys. (Tao Hongjing states) Also called Xu Changqing, likely an error. Not used by physicians; unrecognized locally.
Jun Ju Lun Qie She: Tastes pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic. Treats cholera, abdominal pain, vomiting, and restlessness. Grows in water, harvested in May. (Tao Hongjing states) Grows in small streams; dried on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to treat cholera effectively.
Lian Shi Cao: Tastes bitter, cold, non-toxic. Treats five types of strangury, breaks stone strangury, resolves bladder stagnation, promotes diuresis. Grows in Nanyang marshes. (Tao Hongjing states) Also known as Lanshi Cao or Mashi Hao.
Yi Gong: Tastes bitter, cold, non-toxic. Treats fright qi, cold damage abdominal pain, emaciation, pathogenic factors in skin, and cold colorless extremities. Grows in Yizhou valleys. (Avoid Jade Zha Feilian).
Tan Cao: Tastes salty and neutral, non-toxic. Nourishes heart qi, removes heart warmth and burning pain, treats oozing skin heat. Can be made into salt. Grows in Huainan plains, harvested in July. Alum is its assistant herb. (*Yaoxing Lun* states) Tan Cao can be used alone, tastes bitter, non-toxic, treats widespread wind sores and high fever. Li Shi is its assistant herb.
Wu Se Fu: Tastes bitter, slightly warm. Treats cough and reverse flow, five-zang pathogenic factors, regulates middle jiao, boosts qi, brightens eyes, kills lice. Green, white, red, black, and yellow Fu tonify their respective zang organs according to color. White Fu is also known as Nu Mu. Grows in Bajun valleys. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used; unrecognized today. (Wu Shi states) Five-Color Earth Pigment is also known as Green, Red, Yellow, White, Black Fu.
[Xiang] Cao: Tastes sweet and bitter, cold, non-toxic. Treats warm malaria, chills and fever, acid hoarseness, pathogenic factors, and wards off inauspiciousness. Grows in Huai mountains and valleys.
Qiao Gen: Tastes sweet, cold, and neutral, slightly toxic. Clears heat, nourishes yin essence, improves complexion, brightens eyes. Long-term use lightens the body and delays aging. Used in steamed wine for patients. Grows in Songgao plains, harvested in February and August. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used; unrecognized by common people.
Shu Gu: Tastes bitter, neutral, and cold, non-toxic. Treats cough with reverse flow, chills and fever, rat fistula, malignant sores, and pathogenic factors. Also known as [Xue]. Grows in Danshui. (Tao Hongjing states) Unrecognized today; Peony is also called Shu Gu, causing confusion.
Chuan Hong: Tastes sour, non-toxic. Directs qi downward, relieves irritability and fullness. Can be used as a bath decoction. Yellow color. Grows in Shujun. Harvested at Start of Autumn. (Tao Hongjing states) Not used; unrecognized by common people.
Qu Cao: Tastes bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Treats hypochondriac pain, pathogenic factors, intestinal chills and fever, and yin-Bi. Long-term use lightens the body, boosts qi, and delays aging. Grows in Hanzhong marshes, harvested in May. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used; unrecognized by common people.
Chi He: Tastes bitter, cold, toxic. Treats crusty sores, malignant ulcers, removes three parasites and pathogenic factors. Grows in Yizhou valleys, harvested in February and August.
Huai Mu: Tastes bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Treats chronic cough with reverse flow, middle-jiao injury and emaciation, tonifies middle jiao and qi, treats female genital erosion and leukorrhea (red/white discharge). Also known as Hundred-Year City Tree. Grows in Jinyang plains. (Tao Hongjing states) No longer used.
Zhan Si: Tastes bitter, warm, non-toxic. Treats pathogenic factors, damp-Bi, chills and fever, carbuncles, removes fluid retention and blood stasis, amenorrhea with infertility, childhood inability to walk, malignant sores and abscesses, stops abdominal pain, enables conception in women. Also known as Tan Pi. Grows in Tai mountain valleys, harvested anytime. (Tao Hongjing states) Resolves Wild Wolf Poison toxicity. Li Yun says it is a parasitic tree on camphor trees, large branches in muscles. People now substitute walnut husks, which is incorrect. According to *Tongjun Lu*, it grows in Shangluo, is tree bark resembling Magnolia bark, cinnamon-white in color, with longitudinal and transverse grain. Market vendors slice it, resembling Magnolia bark but lacking proper grain; authenticity is unknown. (*Yaoxing Lun* states) Zhan Si Chen, tastes pungent and neutral, non-toxic, treats blood stasis, promotes menstruation, clears spleen heat. Cornus officinalis is its assistant herb. Treats hand-foot maceration from water exposure.
Ying Tao: Tastes pungent and neutral, non-toxic. Stops diarrhea, clears heat, regulates middle jiao, benefits spleen qi, improves complexion and spirit. Also known as Niu Tao and Ying Dou. Fruit size of wheat, hairy. Harvested in April, dried in shade. (Tao Hongjing states) Not the modern fruit Ying Tao; shape similar but substance different. Rarely found in mountains; no longer used in prescriptions.
Zhen Bird Feather: Highly toxic, rots humans upon entering five zang organs. Its beak treats pit viper venom. Also known as Yun Ri. Grows in South Sea. (Tao Hongjing states) These are two types of Zhen birds. One resembles a peacock with mixed colors, tall, black neck, red beak, from deep mountains in Jiaoguang. The Yun Ri bird resembles a black chicken, can immobilize large stones and rotten trees, seeks snakes, swallows them making a sound like "Tongli," hence called Tongli Bird in Jiangdong. People who eat snakes die immediately if they accidentally eat this bird's meat. Zhen feathers should not approach humans but treat snake venom; carrying the beak wards off snakes. Historically, Zhen feather was used in poisoned wine, hence the name. Recently discontinued. Another creature, red, dragon-like, named Hai Jiang, grows in sea, highly toxic, worse than Zhen feather. (*Tang Ben Zhu* states) South of Shangzhou and Jiangling, people know this bird; its meat is fishy and toxic, inedible. Claim that feather-painted wine kills is unverified. * Yupian* cites Guo Pu: Zhen bird eagle-sized, long neck, red beak, eats snakes. *Wen Guangya* and *Huainanzi* also call it Yun Ri. Inquiry in Jiaoguang confirms Yun Ri is Zhen bird and Tongli Bird; no peacock-like bird exists there. Tao's description of peacock resemblance is false testimony from Jiaoguang.