玉伯味酸温无毒主轻身益气止渴一名玉遂生石上如松高五六寸紫花用茎叶（陈藏器云）
今
之石松生石上高一二尺山人取根茎浸酒去风血除风瘙宜老伯应是柏字传写有误○文石味甘主
寒热心烦一名黍石生东郡山泽中水下五色有汁润泽○曼诸石味甘主益五脏气轻身长年一名阴
精六月七月出石上青黄色夜有光○山慈石味苦平无毒主女子带下一名爰茈生山之阳正月生叶
如藜芦茎有衣○石濡主明目益精气令人不饥渴轻身长年一名石芥（陈藏器云）生石之阴如屋
游
垣衣之类得雨即展故名石濡早春青翠端开四叶山人名石芥性冷明目不饥渴○石芸味甘无毒主
目痛淋露寒热溢血一名螫烈一名顾喙三月五月采茎叶阴干（尔雅云） 勃 郭注云一名石芸
○
石剧味甘无毒主渴消中○路石味甘酸无毒主心腹止汗生肌酒痂益气耐寒实骨髓一名陵石生草
石上天雨独干日出独濡花黄茎赤黑三岁一实赤如麻子五月十月采茎叶阴干○旷石味甘平无毒
主益气养神除热止渴生江南如石草○败石味苦无毒主渴痹○越砥（音旨）味甘无毒主目盲止
痛
除热瘙（陶隐居云）今细砺石出临平者（蜀本注云）今据此在草本类中恐非细砺石也○金茎
味苦
平无毒主金疮内漏一名叶金草生泽中高处○夏台味甘主百疾济绝气（陶隐居云）此药乃尔神
奇
而不复识用可恨也○柴紫味苦主小腹痛利小腹破积聚长肌肉久服轻身长年生冤句二月七月采
○鬼目味酸平无毒主明目一名来甘实赤如五味十月采（陶隐居云）俗人今呼白草子亦为鬼目
此
乃相似也（陈藏器云）一名排风一名白幕尔雅云符鬼目注云叶似葛子如耳 赤色○鬼盖味甘
平
无毒主小儿寒热痫一名地盖生垣墙下丛生赤旦生暮死（陶隐居云）一名朝生疑是今鬼伞也（陈
藏器云）鬼盖名为鬼屋如菌生阴湿处盖黑茎赤和醋敷肿毒马脊肿人恶疮杜正伦云鬼伞夏日得
雨聚生粪堆见日消黑此物有小毒○马颠味甘有毒疗浮肿不可多食○马唐味甘寒主调中明耳目
一名羊麻一名羊粟生下湿地茎有节生根五月采（陈藏器云）生南土废稻田中节节有根着土如
结
缕草堪饲马云马食如糖故曰马唐煎取汁明目润肺尔雅云马唐马饭也○马逢味辛无毒主癣虫○
牛舌实味咸温无毒主轻身益气一名彖尸生水中泽旁实大叶长尺五月采（陈藏器云）今东土人
呼
田水中大叶如牛耳亦呼为牛耳菜○羊乳味甘温无毒主头眩痛益气长肌肉一名地黄三月采立夏
后母死（陈藏器云）羊乳根似荠 而圆大小如拳上有角节剖之有白汁人取根当荠 三月采苗
作
蔓折有
一
名泥洛○鹿良味咸臭主小儿惊痫贲豚螈 大人 五月采○菟枣味酸无毒主轻身益气生丹阳陵
地高尺许实如枣○雀梅味酸寒有毒主蚀恶疮一名千雀生海水石谷间（陶隐居云）叶与实俱似
麦
李○雀翘味咸主益气明目一名去母一名更生生蓝中叶细黄茎赤有刺四月实兑（音锐）黄中黑
五
月采阴干○鸡涅味甘平无毒主明目目中寒风诸不足水腹邪气补中止泄痢疗女子白沃一名阴洛
生鸡山采无时○相乌味苦主阴痿一名乌葵如兰香赤茎生山阳五月十五日采阴干○鼠耳味酸无
毒主痹寒寒热止咳一名无心生田中下地浓叶肥茎○蛇舌味酸平无毒主除留血惊气蛇痫生大水
之阳四月采花八月采根○龙常草味咸温无毒主轻身益阴气疗痹寒湿生河水旁如龙 冬夏生○
离楼草味咸平无毒主益气力多子轻身长年生常山七月八月采实○神护草可使独守叱咄人寇盗
不敢入门生常山北八月采（陶隐居云）此亦奇草计彼人犹应识用之○黄护草无毒主痹益气令
人
嗜食生陇西○吴唐草味甘平无毒主轻身益气长年生故稻田中日夜有光草中有膏○天雄草味甘
温无毒主益气阴痿生山泽中状如兰实如大豆赤色○雀医草味苦无毒主轻身益气洗浴烂疮疗风
水一名白气春生秋花白冬实黑○木甘草主疗痈肿盛热煮洗之生木间三月生大叶如蛇床四四相
值但折枝种之便生五月花白实核赤三月三日采○益决草味辛温无毒主咳逆肺伤生山阴根如细
辛○九熟草味甘温无毒主出汗止泄疗闷一名乌粟一名雀粟生人家庭中叶如枣一岁九熟七月采
（陶隐居云）今不见有此○兑草味酸平无毒主轻身益气长年生蔓草木上叶黄有毛冬生○酸草
主
轻身延年生名山醴泉上阴居茎有五叶青泽根赤黄可以消玉一名丑草（陶隐居云）李云是今酸
箕
布地生者今处处有然恐非也○异草味甘无毒主痿痹寒热去黑子生篱木上叶如葵茎傍有角汁白
○灌草叶主痈肿一名鼠肝叶滑青白○ （音起）草味辛无毒主伤金疮○莘草味甘无毒主盛伤
痹
肿生山泽如蒲黄叶如芥○勒草味甘无毒主瘀血止精溢盛气一名黑草生山谷如栝蒌（陶隐居
云）
疑此犹是薰草两字皆相似一误尔而栝蒌为殊矣○英草华味辛平无毒主痹气强阴疗面劳疽解烦
坚筋骨疗风头可作沐药生蔓木上一名鹿英九月采阴干○吴葵华味咸无毒主理心气不足○封华
味甘有毒主疥疮养肌去恶肉夏至日采○ （他典切）华味甘无毒主上气解烦坚筋骨○ 华味
苦
主水气去赤虫令人好色不可久服春生乃采（陈藏器云） （音斐）树似杉子如槟榔食之肥美
主痔
杀虫春华并与本经相会本经虫部云彼子苏注云彼字合从木尔雅云彼一名 陶复于果部重出
此即是其华也○节华味苦无毒主伤中痿痹溢肿皮主脾中客热气一名山节一名达节一名通漆十
月采曝干○徐李主益气轻身长年生太山阴如李小形实青色无核熟采食之○新雉木味苦香温无
毒主风眩痛可作沐药七月采阴干实如桃○合新木味辛平无毒解心烦止疮痛生辽东○俳蒲木味
甘平无毒主少气止烦生陵谷叶如柰实赤三核○遂阳木味甘无毒主益气生山中如白杨叶三月实
十月熟赤可食○学木核味甘寒无毒主胁下留饮胃气不平除热如蕤核五月采阴干○木核疗肠
○华疗不足○子疗伤中○根疗心腹逆气止渴十月采○ （音笋）核味苦疗水身面痈肿五月
采
○荻皮味苦止消渴去白虫益气生江南如松叶有别刺实赤黄十月采○桑茎实味酸温无毒主孕乳
余疾轻身益气一名草王叶如荏方茎大叶生园中十月采○满阴实味酸平无毒主益气除热止渴利
小便轻身长年生深山谷及园中茎如芥叶小实如樱桃七月成○可聚实味甘温无毒主轻身益气明
目一名长寿生山野道中穗如麦叶如艾五月采○让实味酸主喉痹止泄痢十月采阴干○蕙实味辛
主明目补中○根茎中涕疗伤寒寒热出汗中风面肿消渴热中逐水生鲁山平泽（陈藏器云）五月
收
味辛香明目正气是兰蕙之蕙○青雌味苦主恶疮秃败疮火气杀三虫一名虫损一名孟推生方山山
谷○白背味苦平无毒主寒热洗浴疥恶疮生山陵根似紫葳叶如燕卢采无时○白女肠味辛温无毒
主泄痢肠 疗心痛破疝瘕生深山谷中叶如蓝实赤赤女肠亦同○白扇根味苦寒无毒主疟皮肤寒
热出汗令人变○白给味辛平无毒主伏虫白 （音癣）肿痛生山谷如藜芦根白相连九月采○白
并
味苦无毒主肺咳上气行五脏令百病不起一名玉箫一名箭悍叶如小竹根黄皮白生山陵三月四月
采根曝干○白辛味辛有毒主寒热一名脱尾一名羊草生楚山三月采根白而香○白昌味甘无毒主
食诸虫一名水昌一名水宿一名茎蒲十月采（陈藏器云）白昌即今之溪荪也一名昌阳生水畔人
亦
呼为昌蒲与石上昌蒲都别大而臭者是一名水昌蒲根色正白去蚤虱○赤举味甘无毒主腹痛一名
羊饴一名陵渴生山阴二月花兑（音锐）蔓草上五月实黑中有核三月三日采叶阴干○赤涅味甘
无
毒主疰崩中止血益气生蜀郡山石阴地湿处采无时○黄秫味苦无毒主心烦止汗出生如桐根○徐
黄味辛平无毒主心腹积瘕茎主恶疮生泽中大茎细叶香如蒿本○黄白支生山陵三月四月采根曝
干○紫蓝味咸无毒主食肉得毒能消除之○紫给味咸主风毒头泄注一名野葵生高陵下地三月三
日采根根如乌头○天蓼味辛有毒主恶疮去痹气一名石龙生水中（陈藏器云）即今之水荭一名
游
龙亦名大蓼○地朕味苦平无毒主心气女子阴疝血结一名承夜一名夜光三月采（陈藏器云）地
朕
一名地锦一名地噤叶光净露下有光蔓生节节着地○地芩味苦无毒主小儿痫除邪养胎风痹洗洗
寒热目中青翳女子带下生腐木积草处如朝生天雨生盖黄白色四月采○地筋味甘平无毒主益气
止渴除热在腹脐利筋一名管根一名土筋生泽中根有毛三月生四月实白三月三日采根（陶隐居
云）疑此犹是白茅而小异也（陈藏器云）地筋如地黄根叶并相似而细多毛生平泽功用亦同地
黄
李邕方用之○地耳味甘无毒主明目益气令人有子生丘陵如碧石青○土齿味甘平无毒主轻身益
气长年生山陵地中状如马牙○燕齿主小儿痫寒热五月五日采○酸恶主恶疮去白虫生水旁状如
泽泻○酸赭味酸主内漏止血不足生昌阳山采无时○巴棘味苦有毒主恶疥疮出虫一名女木生高
地叶白有刺根连数十枚○巴朱味甘无毒主寒止血带下生虫阳○蜀格味苦平无毒主寒热痿痹女
子带下痈肿生山阳如萑菌有刺○累根主缓筋令不痛（陈藏器云）苗如豆尔雅云摄虎累注云江
东
呼为藤似葛而虚大今或豆也荚有毛一名巨荒千岁 是也○苗根味咸平无毒主痹及热中伤跌
折生山阴谷中蔓草木上茎有刺实如椒（陈藏器云）茜字从西与苗字相似人写误为苗此即茜也
○
参果根味苦有毒主鼠 一名百连一名乌蓼一名鼠茎一名鹿蒲生百余根根有衣裹茎三月三日采
根○黄辩味甘平无毒主心腹疝瘕口疮脐伤一名经辩○良达主齿痛止渴轻身生山阴茎蔓延大如
葵子滑小○对庐味苦寒无毒主疥诸疮久不瘳生死肌除大热煮洗之八月采似庵 ○粪蓝味苦主
身痒疮白秃漆疮洗之生房陵○委（音威）蛇（音贻）味甘平无毒主消渴少气令人耐寒生人家
园中
大枝长须多叶而两两相值子如芥子○麻伯味酸无毒主益气出汗一名君莒一名衍草一名道止一
名自死生平陵如兰叶黑浓白裹茎实赤黑九月采根○王明味苦主身热邪气小儿身热以浴之生山
谷一名王草○类鼻味酸温无毒主痿痹一名类重生田中高地叶如天名精美根五月采（蜀本云）
可
煮以洗病○师系味甘无毒主痈肿恶疮煮洗之一名臣尧一名臣骨一名鬼芭生平泽八月采○逐折
杀鼠益气明目一名百合浓实生木间茎黄七月实黑如大豆（陶隐居云）又杜仲子亦名逐折○并
苦
主咳逆上气益肺气安五脏一名 （音或）薰一名玉荆三月采阴干○父陛根味辛有毒以熨痈肿
肤
胀一名膏鱼一名梓藻○索干味苦无毒主易耳一名马耳○荆茎疗灼烂八月十月采阴干（陈藏器
云）即今之荆树也煮汁堪染其洗灼烂及热焱疮有效○鬼 （音丽）生石上 （奴和切）之日
柔为
沐○竹付味甘无毒主止痛除血○秘恶味酸无毒主疗肝邪气一名杜逢○唐夷味苦无毒主疗 折
○知杖味甘无毒疗疝○地（音地）松味辛无毒主眩痹○河煎味酸主结气痈在喉颈者生海中八
月
九月采○区余味辛无毒主心腹热瘙（蜀本）作癃○三叶味辛主寒热蛇蜂螫人一名起莫（蜀本）
一
名赴鱼一名三石一名当田生田中茎小黑白高三尺根黑三月采阴干○五母麻味苦有毒主痿痹不
便下痢一名鹿麻一名归泽麻一名天麻一名若一草（蜀本）无一字 生田野五月采○疥拍腹味
辛
温无毒主轻身疗痹五月采阴干○常吏之生（蜀本云）常更之生 味苦平无毒主明目实有刺大
如
稻米○救赦人者味甘有毒主疝痹通气诸不足生人家宫室五月十月采曝干○丁公寄味甘主金疮
痛延年一名丁父生石间蔓延木上叶细大枝赤茎母大如碛黄有汁七月七日采（陈藏器云）丁公
寄
即丁公藤也○城里赤柱味辛平疗妇人漏血白沃阴蚀湿痹邪气补中益气生晋平阳○城东腐木
味咸温主心腹痛止泄便脓血（陈藏器云）城东腐木即今之城东古木木在土中一名地至主心腹
痛
鬼气城东者犹取东墙之土也杜正伦方云古城柱木煮汤服主难产此即其类也○芥味苦寒无毒主
消渴止血妇人疾除痹一名梨叶如大青○载味酸无毒主诸恶气○庆味苦无毒主咳嗽○ （户瓦
切）味甘无毒主益气延年
玉伯，味酸，性温，无毒。主治轻身益气、止渴。又名玉遂。生于石上，形状像松树，高五六寸，开紫花。使用其茎和叶。（陈藏器说）现在的石松生长在石上，高一二尺。山人取它的根茎浸泡酒中，以祛除风邪和血瘀，治疗风瘙。推测“老伯”应该是“柏”字，是传写时的错误。
文石，味甘。主治寒热、心烦。又名黍石。生长在东郡的山泽之中，水下的部分呈现五色，有汁液，质地润泽。
曼诸石，味甘。主治补益五脏之气，轻身延年。又名阴精。六月七月间出现在石上，呈青黄色，夜晚会发光。
山慈石，味苦，性平，无毒。主治女子带下病。又名爰茈。生长在山的南面，正月生长，叶子像藜芦，茎上有皮衣。
石濡，主治明目、补益精气，使人不饥不渴，轻身延年。又名石芥（陈藏器说）。生长在岩石的背阴处，像屋檐上的苔藓之类，遇到雨水就展开，所以叫石濡。早春时青翠，顶端开出四片叶子。山人名之为石芥。性质寒冷，能明目，使人不饥不渴。
石芸，味甘，无毒。主治目痛、淋证、寒热、溢血。又名螫烈，又名顾喙。三月五月采集茎叶，阴干。（《尔雅》说）郭璞注云：又名石芸。
石剧，味甘，无毒。主治口渴、消中症。
路石，味甘、酸，无毒。主治心腹疼痛、止汗、生肌、治疗酒痂、益气、耐寒、充实骨髓。又名陵石。生长在草石之上，下雨时唯独它干燥，日出时唯独它湿润。花黄，茎赤黑，三年结果一次，果实红色像麻子。五月十月采集茎叶，阴干。
旷石，味甘，性平，无毒。主治益气养神、除热止渴。生长在江南，像石草。
越砥（音旨），味甘，无毒。主治目盲、止痛、除热、祛风瘙（陶隐居说）。现在的细砺石出产在临平的（《蜀本注》说）。现在据此将其归入草本类中，恐怕不是细砺石。
金茎，味苦，性平，无毒。主治金疮内漏。又名叶金草。生长在沼泽中的高处。
夏台，味甘。主治百病，救济绝气（陶隐居说）。这药竟然如此神奇，却不再被人认识和使用，令人遗憾。
柴紫，味苦。主治小腹痛，通利小腹，破除积聚，生长肌肉。久服可轻身延年。生长于冤句，二月七月采集。
鬼目，味酸，性平，无毒。主治明目。又名来甘。果实红色像五味子。十月采集（陶隐居说）。俗人现在称为白草子，也称为鬼目。这是相似的种类（陈藏器说）。又名排风，又名白幕。《尔雅》说符鬼目，注云：叶子像葛藤，果实像耳朵，红色。
鬼盖，味甘，性平，无毒。主治小儿寒热惊痫。又名地盖。生长在垣墙下，丛生，早晨生长晚上凋谢（陶隐居说）。又名朝生，怀疑是现在的鬼伞（陈藏器说）。鬼盖名为鬼屋，像菌类生长在阴湿处，盖子黑色，茎红色，加醋敷治肿毒、马脊肿、人恶疮。杜正伦说：鬼伞夏天得雨聚集生长在粪堆上，见太阳就变黑。此物有小毒。
马唐，味甘，性寒。主治调和中焦，明目聪耳。又名羊麻，又名羊粟。生长在低湿地，茎有节并生根。五月采集（陈藏器说）。生长在南方废弃的稻田中，节节有根着土，像结缕草，可以喂马。据说马吃了像吃糖一样，所以叫马唐。煎取汁液可明目润肺。《尔雅》说：马唐即马饭。
牛舌实，味咸，性温，无毒。主治轻身益气。又名彖尸。生长在水边泽旁。果实大，叶子长一尺。五月采集（陈藏器说）。现在东方的人称呼田水中叶子像牛耳的大叶植物，也呼为牛耳菜。
羊乳，味甘，性温，无毒。主治头眩痛，益气，生长肌肉。又名地黄。三月采集。立夏后母株死亡（陈藏器说）。羊乳的根像荠菜但圆形，大小如拳头，上面有角节，剖开有白色汁液。人们取根当作荠菜。三月采集苗，作为蔓折。又名泥洛。
鹿良，味咸，臭。主治小儿惊痫、奔豚、抽搐。大人（病症未详）。五月采集。
菟枣，味酸，无毒。主治轻身益气。生长在丹阳的陵地，高约一尺。果实像枣。
雀梅，味酸，性寒，有毒。主治腐蚀恶疮。又名千雀。生长在海水石谷之间（陶隐居说）。叶子和果实都像麦李。
雀翘，味咸。主治益气明目。又名去母，又名更生生。生长在蓝草中，叶子细黄，茎红色有刺。四月果实成熟（音锐），黄色中间黑色。五月采集，阴干。
鸡涅，味甘，性平，无毒。主治明目，治疗目中受风寒及诸不足、水腹邪气，补中止泻痢，治疗女子白带。又名阴洛。生长在鸡山，随时可采集。
相乌，味苦。主治阳痿。又名乌葵。像兰香，茎红色，生长在山的南面。五月十五日采集，阴干。
鼠耳，味酸，无毒。主治痹证、寒热、止咳。又名无心生。生长在田中低洼地，叶子浓密肥大，茎粗壮。
蛇舌，味酸，性平，无毒。主治去除留血、惊气、蛇痫。生长在大水的南面。四月采集花，八月采集根。
龙常草，味咸，性温，无毒。主治轻身、补益阴气，治疗痹证、寒湿。生长在河水旁，像龙冬（疑为某种草本），冬夏常青。
离楼草，味咸，性平，无毒。主治益气力、多子、轻身延年。生长在常山，七月八月采集果实。
神护草，可使独自守卫，呵斥盗贼，不敢入门。生长在常山北面，八月采集（陶隐居说）。这也是奇草，估计那里的人应该还认识并使用它。
吴唐草，味甘，性平，无毒。主治轻身益气，延年。生长在旧稻田中，日夜发光。草中有膏。
天雄草，味甘，性温，无毒。主治益气、阳痿。生长在山泽中，形状像兰花，果实像大豆，红色。
雀医草，味苦，无毒。主治轻身益气，洗浴烂疮，治疗风水。又名白气。春天生长秋天开花，冬天果实变黑。
木甘草，主治治疗痈肿盛热，煮水洗之。生长在树木之间，三月生长，大叶像蛇床，四四相对。只要折断枝条种植就能生长。五月开花，白色果实核红色。三月三日采集。
益决草，味辛，性温，无毒。主治咳逆、肺伤。生长在山的阴面，根像细辛。
九熟草，味甘，性温，无毒。主治出汗、止泄、治疗胸闷。又名乌粟，又名雀粟。生长在人家家庭中，叶子像枣，一年九次成熟。七月采集（陶隐居说）。现在没见过这种草。
兑草，味酸，性平，无毒。主治轻身益气，延年。蔓生在草木上，叶子黄色有毛，冬天生长。
酸草，主治轻身延年。生长在名山醴泉上，阴湿处。茎有五片叶子，青色润泽，根赤黄色，可以消化玉石。又名丑草（陶隐居说）。李云说是现在的酸模，铺地生长的，现在到处都有，但恐怕不是。
异草，味甘，无毒。主治痿痹、寒热、去除黑子。生长在篱笆木上，叶子像葵菜，茎旁边有角，汁液白色。
（音起）草，味辛，无毒。主治金疮损伤。
莘草，味甘，无毒。主治严重的痹肿。生长在山泽中，像蒲黄，叶子像芥菜。
勒草，味甘，无毒。主治瘀血，止精溢，盛气。又名黑草。生长在山谷中，像栝蒌（陶隐居说）。怀疑这还是薰草，两个字相似，一个误写罢了，而栝蒌是不同的。
英草华，味辛，性平，无毒。主治痹气，强阴，治疗面部劳损疽，解烦，坚固筋骨，治疗风头。可作为洗头药。蔓生在木上。又名鹿英。九月采集，阴干。
封华，味甘，有毒。主治疥疮，滋养肌肉，去除恶肉。夏至日采集。
（他典切）华，味甘，无毒。主治上气，解烦，坚固筋骨。
（斐）华，味苦。主治水气，去除赤虫，使人面色红润，不可久服。春天生长才采集（陈藏器说）。（斐）树像杉树，果实像槟榔，食用肥美。主治痔疮，杀虫。春天的花与《本经》相符。《本经》虫部说：彼子苏。注云：彼字应从木。《尔雅》说：彼又名（斐）。陶复在果部重出，这就是它的花。
节华，味苦，无毒。主治伤中、痿痹、溢肿。皮主治脾中客热气。又名山节，一名达节，一名通漆。十月采集，曝干。
徐李，主治益气，轻身，延年。生长在太山阴面，像李子但形状小，果实青色，无核。成熟时采摘食用。
新雉木，味苦，香，性温，无毒。主治风眩痛，可作洗头药。七月采集，阴干。果实像桃。
俳蒲木，味甘，性平，无毒。主治少气，止烦。生长在陵谷，叶子像柰，果实红色，三核。
遂阳木，味甘，无毒。主治益气。生长在山中，像白杨叶。三月结果，十月成熟，红色可食。
学木核，味甘，性寒，无毒。主治胁下留饮，胃气不平，除热。像蕤核。五月采集，阴干。
木核，治疗肠疾。
华，治疗虚损。
子，治疗伤中。
（音笋）核，味苦，治疗身体面部痈肿。五月采集。
荻皮，味苦。止消渴，去除白虫，益气。生长在江南，像松叶但有别刺。果实赤黄色。十月采集。
桑茎实，味酸，性温，无毒。主治孕产余疾，轻身益气。又名草王。叶子像荏，方茎大叶。生长在园中。十月采集。
满阴实，味酸，性平，无毒。主治益气，除热，止渴，利小便，轻身延年。生长在深山谷及园中。茎像芥菜，叶子小，果实像樱桃。七月成熟。
可聚实，味甘，性温，无毒。主治轻身益气，明目。又名长寿。生长在山野道中，穗像麦子，叶子像艾草。五月采集。
蕙实，味辛。主治明目，补中。
根茎中涕，治疗伤寒寒热出汗，中风面肿，消渴热中，逐水。生长在鲁山平泽（陈藏器说）。五月收获。味辛香，明目正气。这是兰蕙的蕙。
青雌，味苦。主治恶疮、秃败疮、火气，杀三虫。又名虫损，又名孟推。生长在方山山谷。
白背，味苦，性平，无毒。主治寒热，洗浴疥疮恶疮。生长在山陵，根像紫葳，叶子像燕卢。随时可采。
白女肠，味辛，性温，无毒。主治泄痢肠澼，治疗心痛，破疝瘕。生长在深山谷中。叶子像蓝草，果实红色。赤女肠也相同。
白扇根，味苦，性寒，无毒。主治疟疾，皮肤寒热出汗，使人变性。
白给，味辛，性平，无毒。主治伏虫，白癣肿痛。生长在山谷中，像藜芦，根白色相连。九月采集。
白并，味苦，无毒。主治肺咳上气，行五脏之气，使百病不起。又名玉箫，一名箭悍。叶子像小竹，根黄皮白。生长在山陵。三月四月采集根，曝干。
白辛，味辛，有毒。主治寒热。又名脱尾，一名羊草。生长在楚山。三月采集根，白色而香。
白昌，味甘，无毒。主治食诸虫。又名水昌，一名水宿，一名茎蒲。十月采集（陈藏器说）。白昌就是现在的溪荪。又名昌阳。生长在水畔，人也呼为昌蒲，与石上昌蒲都不同。大而臭的是水昌蒲，根色正白，可去蚤虱。
赤举，味甘，无毒。主治腹痛。又名羊饴，一名陵渴。生长在山的阴面。二月花开放（音锐），蔓草上。五月果实黑中有核。三月三日采集叶，阴干。
赤涅，味甘，无毒。主治疰病、崩中止血，益气。生长在蜀郡山石阴湿处。随时可采。
徐黄，味辛，性平，无毒。主治心腹积瘕。茎主治恶疮。生长在沼泽中，大茎细叶，香像蒿本。
黄白支，生长在山陵。三月四月采集根，曝干。
紫蓝，味咸，无毒。食用肉类中毒，能消除之。
紫给，味咸。主治风毒头泄注。又名野葵。生长在高陵下地。三月三日采集根，根像乌头。
天蓼，味辛，有毒。主治恶疮，去除痹气。又名石龙，生长在水中（陈藏器说）。即现在的水荭，一名游龙，亦名大蓼。
地朕，味苦，性平，无毒。主治心气，女子阴疝血结。又名承夜，一名夜光。三月采集（陈藏器说）。地朕一名地锦，一名地噤。叶子光亮洁净，露下有光，蔓生，节节着地。
地芩，味苦，无毒。主治小儿痫，除邪养胎，风痹洗洗寒热，目中青翳，女子带下。生长在腐木积草处，像朝生，天雨生盖，黄白色。四月采集。
地筋，味甘，性平，无毒。主治益气，止渴，除热，在腹脐，利筋。又名管根，一名土筋。生长在泽中，根有毛。三月生长，四月果实白色。三月三日采集根（陶隐居说）。怀疑这还是白茅而略有不同（陈藏器说）。地筋像地黄，根叶都相似但更细多毛。生平泽，功用也同地黄。李邕方中使用它。
地耳，味甘，无毒。主治明目，益气，使人有子。生长在丘陵，像碧石青。
土齿，味甘，性平，无毒。主治轻身益气，延年。生长在山陵地中，形状像马牙。
燕齿，主治小儿痫寒热。五月五日采集。
巴棘，味苦，有毒。主治恶疥疮，出虫。又名女木。生长在高地，叶子白色有刺，根连数十枚。
蜀格，味苦，性平，无毒。主治寒热痿痹，女子带下，痈肿。生长在山的南面，像萑菌有刺。
累根，主治缓筋令不痛（陈藏器说）。苗像豆。《尔雅》说摄虎累，注云：江东呼为藤似葛而虚大，今或豆也。荚有毛，一名巨荒千岁，是也。
苗根，味咸，性平，无毒。主治痹及热中，伤跌折。生长在山的阴面谷中，蔓生在草木上，茎有刺，果实像椒（陈藏器说）。茜字从西，与苗字相似，人写误为苗。此即茜也。
参果根，味苦，有毒。主治鼠瘘。又名百连，一名乌蓼，一名鼠茎，一名鹿蒲。生长百余根，根有衣裹茎。三月三日采集根。
黄辩，味甘，性平，无毒。主治心腹疝瘕，口疮，脐伤。又名经辩。
良达，主治齿痛，止渴，轻身。生长在山上，阴茎蔓延，大如葵子，滑小。
对庐，味苦，性寒，无毒。主治疥疮诸疮久不愈，生死肌，除大热，煮洗之。八月采集，像庵。
委（音威）蛇（音贻），味甘，性平，无毒。主治消渴，少气，令人耐寒。生长在人家的园中，大枝长须，多叶而两两相对，子像芥子。
麻伯，味酸，无毒。主治益气出汗。又名君莒，一名衍草，一名道止，一名自死。生长在平陵，像兰叶，黑浓白裹，茎实赤黑。九月采集根。
王明，味苦。主治身热邪气，小儿身热以浴之。生长在山谷。一名王草。
类鼻，味酸，性温，无毒。主治痿痹。又名类重生。生长在田中高地，叶子像天名精，美根。五月采集（《蜀本》说）。可煮以洗病。
师系，味甘，无毒。主治痈肿恶疮，煮洗之。一名臣尧，一名臣骨，一名鬼芭。生长在平泽。八月采集。
逐折，杀鼠，益气，明目。又名百合，浓实。生长在木间，茎黄。七月果实黑如大豆（陶隐居说）。又杜仲子亦名逐折。
并苦，主治咳逆上气，益肺气，安五脏。又名（音或）薰，一名玉荆。三月采集，阴干。
父陛根，味辛，有毒。以熨痈肿肤胀。一名膏鱼，一名梓藻。
索干，味苦，无毒。主治易耳。一名马耳。
荆茎，治疗灼烂。八月十月采集，阴干（陈藏器说）。即现在的荆树。煮汁可染色，其洗灼烂及热焱疮有效。
鬼（音丽），生长在石上。（奴和切）之日柔，为沐。
竹付，味甘，无毒。主治止痛，除血。
唐夷，味苦，无毒。主治治疗折伤。
知杖，味甘，无毒。治疗疝。
地（音地）松，味辛，无毒。主治眩痹。
河煎，味酸。主治结气痈在喉颈者。生长在海中。八月九月采集。
区余，味辛，无毒。主治心腹热瘙（《蜀本》作癃）。
三叶，味辛。主治寒热，蛇蜂螫人。又名起莫（《蜀本》），一名赴鱼，一名三石，一名当田。生长在田中，茎小黑白，高三尺，根黑。三月采集，阴干。
五母麻，味苦，有毒。主治痿痹不便，下痢。又名鹿麻，一名归泽麻，一名天麻，一名若一草（《蜀本》）。无一字。生长在田野。五月采集。
常吏之生（《蜀本》云：常更之生），味苦，性平，无毒。主治明目。果实有刺，大如稻米。
救赦人者，味甘，有毒。主治疝痹，通气，诸不足。生长在人家的宫室。五月十月采集，曝干。
丁公寄，味甘。主治金疮痛，延年。又名丁父。生长在石间，蔓延木上，叶细，大枝赤，茎母大如碛，黄有汁。七月七日采集（陈藏器说）。丁公寄即丁公藤也。
城里赤柱，味辛，性平。治疗妇人漏血，白沃，阴蚀，湿痹，邪气，补中益气。生长在晋平阳。
城东腐木，味咸，温。主治心腹痛，止泄便脓血（陈藏器说）。城东腐木即现在的城东古木。木在土中，一名地至，主心腹痛，鬼气。城东者犹取东墙之土也。杜正伦方云：古城柱木煮汤服，主难产。此即其类也。
芥，味苦，寒，无毒。主治消渴，止血，妇人疾，除痹。一名梨叶，如大青。
载，味酸，无毒。主治诸恶气。
庆，味苦，无毒。主治咳嗽。
（户瓦切），味甘，无毒。主治益气，延年。
**Yubo**, sour in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats lightening the body, benefiting qi, and relieving thirst. Also known as **Yusui**. It grows on rocks, resembling a pine tree, 5-6 cun high, with purple flowers. The stems and leaves are used. (Chen Cangqi states) The current **Shisong** (Lycopodium clavatum, Ground Pine) grows on rocks, 1-2 chi high. Mountain people soak its rhizomes and roots in wine to dispel wind and blood stasis, treating wind itching. It is speculated that "Laobo" should be the character "Bai" (Cypress), an error in transcription.
**Wenshi**, sweet in flavor. It treats cold-heat alternating and mental restlessness. Also known as **Shushi**. It grows in the mountains and marshes of Dongjun; the part underwater presents five colors, has juice, and is moist and lustrous.
**Manzhushi**, sweet in flavor. It tonifies the qi of the five zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Also known as **Yanjing**. It appears on rocks in June and July, appearing cyan-yellow, and glows at night.
**Shancishi**, bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats leukorrhea in women. Also known as **Aizi**. It grows on the sunny side of mountains, sprouting in the first lunar month; the leaves resemble *Veratrum nigrum* (Caowu), and the stems have a bark-like covering.
**Shiru**, treats brightening the eyes, benefiting essence and qi, preventing hunger and thirst, lightening the body, and prolonging life. Also known as **Shijie** (Chen Cangqi states). It grows in the shade of rocks, resembling moss on eaves. It unfolds upon rain, hence the name Shiru. In early spring it is verdant, opening four leaves at the tip. Mountain people call it Shijie. Its nature is cold; it brightens the eyes and prevents hunger and thirst.
**Shiyun**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats eye pain, strangury, cold-heat, and hematemesis/hemoptysis. Also known as **Shilie**, also known as **Guihui**. The stems and leaves are harvested in the third and fifth lunar months and dried in the shade. (*Erya* states) Guo Pu's commentary says: also known as Shiyun.
**Shiju**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats thirst and Xiao Zhong syndrome (diabetes-like symptoms).
**Lushi**, sweet and sour in flavor, non-toxic. It treats heart and abdominal pain, stops sweating, promotes tissue regeneration, treats alcohol-induced skin lesions, benefits qi, enhances cold tolerance, and solidifies the marrow. Also known as **Lingshi**. It grows on grassy rocks; it remains dry when it rains but becomes moist when the sun comes out. The flowers are yellow, the stems red-black, and it fruits once every three years; the fruit is red like hemp seeds. The stems and leaves are harvested in the fifth and tenth lunar months and dried in the shade.
**Kuangshi**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It benefits qi, nourishes the spirit, clears heat, and relieves thirst. It grows in Jiangnan, resembling Shi Cao.
**Baishi**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. It treats thirst and Bi syndrome (obstruction/pain).
**Yedi** (pronounced 'zhi'), sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats blindness, stops pain, clears heat, and dispels wind itching (Tao Hongjing states). The current Xili Shi (fine whetstone) produced in Linping... (The *Shu Ben Zhu* states). Currently classified here in the herbal category, it is likely not Xili Shi.
**Jinjing**, bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats internal bleeding from metal wounds. Also known as **Ye Jincao**. It grows in high places in marshes.
**Xiatai**, sweet in flavor. It treats hundred diseases and rescues collapsed qi (Tao Hongjing states). This herb is so miraculous yet unrecognized and unused today, which is regrettable.
**Chaizi**, bitter in flavor. It treats lower abdominal pain, unblocks the lower abdomen, breaks up accumulations, and promotes muscle growth. Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life. It grows in Yuanju; harvested in February and July.
**Guimu**, sour in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It brightens the eyes. Also known as **Laigan**. The fruit is red like Wuwei Zi (Schisandra chinensis). Harvested in October (Tao Hongjing states). Common people now call it Baicaozzi or Guimu. These are similar species (Chen Cangqi states). Also known as Paifeng, also known as Baimu. *Erya* says Fu Guimu; commentary notes: leaves resemble Pueraria lobata (Ge), fruits resemble ears, red in color.
**Guigai**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats childhood cold-heat epilepsy. Also known as **Digai**. It grows clustered under walls, sprouting in the morning and dying by evening (Tao Hongjing states). Also known as Chaosheng, suspected to be the current Guisan (Coprinus comatus, Ink Cap mushroom) (Chen Cangqi states). Guigai is named Guiwu, growing like fungi in damp/shady places; the cap is black, the stem red. Mixed with vinegar and applied, it treats swelling/toxins, horse spine swelling, and human severe sores. Du Zhenglun states: Guisan gathers in manure piles after summer rain and turns black upon exposure to sun. This substance has slight toxicity.
**Madian**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats edema; should not be consumed in excess.
**Mantang**, sweet in flavor, cold in nature. It regulates the middle jiao, brightens the eyes, and improves hearing. Also known as **Yangma**, also known as **Yangsu**. It grows in low/wet areas; the stem has nodes and roots. Harvested in May (Chen Cangqi states). It grows in abandoned rice fields in southern lands; each node takes root in the soil, resembling *Axonopus compressus* (Knotgrass). It can be fed to horses. It is said horses eat it like sugar, hence the name Mantang. Decocted juice brightens the eyes and moistens the lungs. *Erya* states: Mantang is Ma Fan (horse feed).
**Mafeng**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats tinea/parasitic skin diseases.
**Niusheshi**, salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It lightens the body and benefits qi. Also known as **Tuanshi**. It grows beside water/marshes. The fruit is large, leaves are one chi long. Harvested in May (Chen Cangqi states). People in the east now call the large-leaved aquatic plant with cow-ear-shaped leaves "Niu'er Cai".
**Yangru**, sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats dizziness/headache, benefits qi, and promotes muscle growth. Also known as **Dihuang**. Harvested in March. After Lixia (Start of Summer), the mother plant dies (Chen Cangqi states). Yangru's root resembles *Capsella bursa-pastoris* (Shepherd's purse) but is round, fist-sized, with horn-like joints; cut open, it exudes white juice. People take the root as Shepherd's purse. Harvest seedlings in March for Man Zhe. Also known as **Niluo**.
**Luliang**, salty in flavor, foul odor. It treats childhood convulsions/epilepsy, Ben Tun syndrome (running piglet), and spasms in adults. Harvested in May.
**Tuzao**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. It lightens the body and benefits qi. Grows in the hills of Danyang, about one chi high. Fruit resembles dates.
**Quemei**, sour in flavor, cold in nature, toxic. It corrodes malignant ulcers. Also known as **Qianque**. Grows in sea-water rocky valleys (Tao Hongjing states). Leaves and fruit resemble *Prunus mume* (Meizi).
**Queqiao**, salty in flavor. Benefits qi and brightens the eyes. Also known as **Qumu**, also known as **Gengshengsheng**. Grows among Isatis indigotica (Lancao); leaves are fine/yellow, stems red/thorny. Fruits mature in April (pronounced 'rui'), yellow with black centers. Harvested in May, dried in shade.
**Jinie**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Brightens the eyes, treats wind-cold in eyes and various deficiencies, water/fluid accumulation in abdomen, expels evil qi, tonifies and stops diarrhea/dysentery, treats leukorrhea in women. Also known as **Yinluo**. Grows in Jishan; harvest anytime.
**Xiangwu**, bitter in flavor. Treats impotence. Also known as **Wukui**. Resembles *Orchidaceae*, red stem, grows on sunny slopes. Harvested on the 15th day of the fifth lunar month, dried in shade.
**Shuer**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome, cold-heat, and cough. Also known as **Wuxinsheng**. Grows in low/wet fields; leaves are dense/fat, stems thick.
**Sheshe**, sour in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Expels retained blood, fright qi, and snake epilepsy. Grows on the sunny side of large waters. Flowers harvested in April, roots in August.
**Longchangcao**, salty in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits yin qi, treats Bi syndrome/cold-dampness. Grows by river water, resembling Long Dong (likely a specific herb), evergreen in winter and summer.
**Liloucao**, salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Benefits strength, increases fertility, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in Changshan; fruits harvested in July/August.
**Shenhucuo**, allows solitary defense; repels bandits who dare not enter. Grows north of Changshan; harvested in August (Tao Hongjing states). This is also a miraculous herb; locals there likely still recognize and use it.
**Huhucuo**, non-toxic. Treats Bi syndrome, benefits qi, stimulates appetite. Grows in Longxi.
**Wutangcao**, sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, and prolongs life. Grows in old rice fields, glowing day and night. Contains paste/resin within the herb.
**Tianxiongcao**, sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Benefits qi and treats impotence. Grows in mountains/marshes, resembling orchids; fruit like soybeans, red.
**Quheyicao**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, washes rotten sores, treats Feng Shui (wind-water edema). Also known as **Baiqi**. Sprouts in spring, flowers in autumn, black fruits in winter.
**Mugancao**, treats severe heat abscesses; decoct and wash. Grows among trees; sprouts in March, large leaves resembling *Sium sisarum* (Shechu), arranged in fours. Cuttings root easily. Flowers in May, white, red pits. Harvested on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month.
**Yijuecao**, pungent and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cough/counterflow qi and lung injury. Grows in mountain shade; root resembles *Asarum* (Xixin).
**Jiushucuo**, sweet and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Induces sweating, stops diarrhea, treats chest oppression. Also known as **Wusu**, also known as **Quesu**. Grows in households; leaves resemble jujube, ripens nine times a year. Harvested in July (Tao Hongjing states). Not seen currently.
**Duicao**, sour and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens the body, benefits qi, and prolongs life. Climbs over plants; leaves yellow/hairy, grows in winter.
**Suancuo**, lightens the body and prolongs life. Grows on famous springs (Liquan), in shady spots. Stem has five leaves, cyan/lustrous; roots red-yellow, can dissolve jade. Also known as **Chuancao** (Tao Hongjing states). Li Yun says it is the current *Rumex acetosa* (Suanji) spreading on the ground, found everywhere, but likely incorrect.
**Yicao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats flaccidity/Bi syndrome, cold-heat, removes dark spots. Grows on fences; leaves resemble Malva, stems have horn-like projections, white juice.
**Guancuo Ye**, treats abscesses. Also known as **Shugan Ye**. Leaves smooth, cyan-white.
**(Qi)cao**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats metal wounds.
**Shencao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats severe Bi swelling. Grows in mountains/marshes, resembling *Typha* pollen; leaves resemble mustard greens.
**Leacao**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats blood stasis, stops seminal emission, regulates excessive qi. Also known as **Heicao**. Grows in valleys, resembling *Trichosanthes kirilowii* (Gualou) (Tao Hongjing states). Suspected to be confused with Xuncao due to similar characters; Gualou is distinct.
**Yingcaohua**, pungent and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Bi qi, strengthens yin, treats facial fatigue/abscesses, relieves vexation, strengthens bones/tendons, treats head issues. Can be used for hair washing. Climbs trees. Also known as **Luying**. Harvested in September, dried in shade.
**Wkuaihua**, salty in flavor, non-toxic. Regulates insufficient heart qi.
**Fenghua**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats scabies, nourishes muscle, removes necrotic tissue. Harvested on the Day of Summer Solstice.
**(Tadian Qie)hua**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats rebellious qi, relieves vexation, strengthens bones/tendons.
**(Fei)hua**, bitter in flavor. Treats water retention, removes red parasites, improves complexion; do not use long-term. Harvested only when sprouting in spring (Chen Cangqi states). **(Fei)** tree resembles fir, fruit resembles betel nut; edible, fattening. Treats hemorrhoids, kills parasites. Spring flowers match *Ben Jing*. *Ben Jing* insect section mentions "Bi Zi Su"; commentary says "Bi" should have wood radical. *Erya* says Bi is also named Fei. Tao Fu repeats this in the fruit section; this is its flower.
**Jiehua**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats internal injury, flaccidity/Bi syndrome, overflow swelling. Bark treats spleen guest heat qi. Also known as **Shanjie**, also known as **Dajie**, also known as **Tongqi**. Harvested in October, sun-dried.
**Xuli**, benefits qi, lightens body, prolongs life. Grows in Tai Mountain shade; resembles plum but smaller, green fruit, pitless. Eaten when ripe.
**Xinzhi Mu**, bitter, fragrant, warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats wind-dizziness/headache; can be used for hair washing. Harvested in July, dried in shade. Fruit resembles peach.
**Hexin Mu**, pungent and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Relieves mental restlessness, stops sore pain. Grows in Liaodong.
**Paipu Mu**, sweet and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Treats shortness of breath, relieves vexation. Grows in hills/valleys; leaves resemble *Malus asiatica* (Nai), red fruit with three pits.
**Suiyang Mu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi. Grows in mountains, leaves resemble Populus alba (Baiyang). Fruits in March, ripe in October, red, edible.
**Xuemu He**, sweet and cold in flavor, non-toxic. Treats fluid retention under ribs, uneven stomach qi, clears heat. Resembles *Prunus persica* kernel (Ru He). Harvested in May, dried in shade.
**Mu He**, treats intestinal disorders.
**Hua**, treats deficiency.
**Zi**, treats internal injury.
**Gen**, treats rebellious qi in heart/abdomen, stops thirst. Harvested in October.
**(Sun) He**, bitter in flavor. Treats body/facial abscesses. Harvested in May.
**Di Pi**, bitter in flavor. Stops thirst, removes white parasites, benefits qi. Grows in Jiangnan, resembling pine needles but with distinct thorns. Fruit red-yellow. Harvested in October.
**Sang Jing Shi**, sour and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Treats postpartum disorders, lightens body, benefits qi. Also known as **Caowang**. Leaves resemble Perilla, square stems, large leaves. Grows in gardens. Harvested in October.
**Manyin Shi**, sour and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, clears heat, stops thirst, promotes urination, lightens body, prolongs life. Grows in deep valleys/gardens; stems resemble mustard, small leaves, cherry-sized fruit. Ripens in July.
**Keju Shi**, sweet and warm in flavor, non-toxic. Lightens body, benefits qi, brightens eyes. Also known as **Changshou**. Grows on mountain paths; spikes resemble wheat, leaves resemble mugwort. Harvested in May.
**Rang Shi**, sour in flavor. Treats throat obstruction (Hou Bi), stops dysentery. Harvested in October, dried in shade.
**Hui Shi**, pungent in flavor. Brightens eyes, tonifies middle jiao.
**Gen Jing Zhong Ti**, treats cold/heat sweating from Shang Han, facial swelling from wind-stroke, thirst/heat zhong, expels water. Grows in Lu Shan flat marshes (Chen Cangqi states). Harvested in May. Pungent/aromatic, brightens eyes, rectifies qi. This is Hui of Lan Hui.
**Qingci**, bitter in flavor. Treats malignant sores, bald/decayed sores, fire qi, kills three parasites. Also known as **Chongsun**, also known as **Mengtui**. Grows in Fang Shan valleys.
**Baibei**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats cold-heat; washes scabies/malignant sores. Grows on hills; root resembles *Campsis grandiflora* (Ziwei), leaves resemble swallow tail. Harvest anytime.
**Bainunchang**, pungent and warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats dysentery/intestinal dripping, treats heart pain, breaks hernia masses. Grows in deep valleys; leaves resemble Isatis, red fruit. Chi Nanchang is similar.
**Baishan Gen**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats malaria, skin cold-heat sweating, alters constitution.
**Baiji**, pungent and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats hidden parasites, white tinea/swelling. Grows in valleys, resembling *Veratrum*, white connected roots. Harvested in September.
**Bai Bing**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats lung cough/rebellious qi, circulates five zang qi, prevents diseases. Also known as **Yuxiao**, also known as **Jianhan**. Leaves resemble small bamboo, roots yellow-skinned/white. Grows on hills. Roots harvested in March/April, sun-dried.
**Baixin**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Treats cold-heat. Also known as **Tuowei**, also known as **Yangcao**. Grows in Chu mountains. Roots harvested in March, white and fragrant.
**Baichang**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats ingestion of various parasites. Also known as **Shuichang**, also known as **Shuisu**, also known as **Jingpu**. Harvested in October (Chen Cangqi states). Baichang is current Xisun. Also known as Changyang. Grows by water; also called Changpu, distinct from Shishang Changpu. Large and smelly is Shuichangpu; roots are pure white, remove lice.
**Chiju**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats abdominal pain. Also known as **Yangyi**, also known as **Lingke**. Grows in mountain shade. Flowers open (pronounced 'rui') in February on vines. Black fruit with pit in May. Leaves harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month, dried in shade.
**Chinie**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats Zhu disease, metrorrhagia, stops bleeding, benefits qi. Grows in wet/shady rocks in Shu commandery. Harvest anytime.
**Huangshu**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats mental restlessness, stops sweating. Sprouts resembling Paulownia roots.
**Xuhuang**, pungent and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal masses. Stems treat malignant sores. Grows in marshes; large stems, thin leaves, fragrant like *Ligusticum* (Gaoben).
**Huangbaizhi**, grows on hills. Roots harvested in March/April, sun-dried.
**Zilan**, salty in flavor, non-toxic. Eliminates meat poisoning.
**Ziji**, salty in flavor. Treats wind toxin, head discharge. Also known as **Yekui**. Grows below high hills. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month, resembling Aconitum (Wutou).
**Tianliao**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Treats malignant sores, removes Bi qi. Also known as **Shilong**, grows in water (Chen Cangqi states). Current Shuihong, also known as Youlong, also known as Daliao.
**Dizhen**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart qi, female yin hernia/blood stasis. Also known as **Chengye**, also known as **Yeguang**. Harvested in March (Chen Cangqi states). Dizhen is also known as Dijin, also known as **Jijin**. Leaves glossy/clean, shiny under dew; climbing, rooting at nodes.
**Diqin**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats childhood epilepsy, expels evil/nourishes fetus, wind-Bi/chills/cold-heat, corneal opacity in eyes, leukorrhea. Grows in rotting wood/grass, resembling Chaosheng; umbrella-like cap after rain, yellow-white. Harvested in April.
**Dijin**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Benefits qi, stops thirst, clears heat, acts on umbilicus, relaxes tendons. Also known as **Guan Gen**, also known as **Tujin**. Grows in marshes, hairy roots. Sprouts in March, white fruits in April. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month (Tao Hongjing states). Suspected to be Bai Mao (Imperata cylindrica) with slight differences (Chen Cangqi states). Dijin resembles Dihuang; roots/leaves similar but finer/hairier. Grows in marshes, functions same as Dihuang. Li Yong's formula uses it.
**Di'er**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Brightens eyes, benefits qi, aids fertility. Grows on hills, resembling bi-green stone.
**Tuchi**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Lightens body, benefits qi, prolongs life. Grows in mountain soil, resembling horse teeth.
**Yanchi**, treats childhood epilepsy/cold-heat. Harvested on 5th day of 5th lunar month.
**Suan'e**, treats malignant sores, removes white parasites. Grows by water, resembling Alisma orientale (Zexie).
**Suanzhe**, sour in flavor. Treats internal leakage/stopping bleeding, deficiency. Grows in Changyang Mountain. Harvest anytime.
**Baji**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats malignant scabies, expels worms. Also known as **Numu**. Grows on high land; white thorny leaves, roots connecting dozens of pieces.
**Bazhu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cold/stopping bleeding, leukorrhea with parasites yang.
**Shuge**, bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats cold-heat/flaccidity/Bi, leukorrhea, abscesses. Grows on sunny slopes, resembling reed mushrooms with thorns.
**Leigen**, relaxes tendons to stop pain (Chen Cangqi states). Seedlings resemble beans. *Erya* says She Hu Lei; commentary: Jiangdong calls it vine resembling Pueraria but hollow/large, possibly bean. Pods hairy, also known as Juhuang Qiansui.
**Maogen**, salty and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats Bi/heat zhong, trauma/fractures. Grows in mountain valley shade, climbing plants; thorny stems, pepper-like fruit (Chen Cangqi states). Character Qian (茜) from West is similar to Miao; writing error made it Miao. This is Qian.
**Shenguogen**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats rat bites/fistula. Also known as **Bailian**, also known as **Wuliao**, also known as **Shujing**, also known as **Lupu**. Grows in clusters of >100 roots; roots wrap stems. Roots harvested on 3rd day of 3rd lunar month.
**Huangbian**, sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal hernia/masses, mouth sores, umbilical wounds. Also known as **Jingbian**.
**Liangda**, treats toothache, stops thirst, lightens body. Grows on mountains, creeping, size like sesame, slippery/small.
**Duilu**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats stubborn scabies/sores, revives dead tissue, clears major heat; decoct and wash. Harvested in August, resembling An.
**Fenlan**, bitter in flavor. Treats body itch sores, white alopecia, lacquer dermatitis; wash. Grows in Fangling.
**Wei Yi** (Wei pronounced 'wei', Yi pronounced 'yi'), sweet and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Treats thirst, shortness of breath, enhances cold tolerance. Grows in home gardens; large branches, long whiskers, many leaves paired oppositely, seeds like mustard.
**Mabo**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, induces sweating. Also known as **Junju**, also known as **Yancao**, also known as **Daozhi**, also known as **Zisi**. Grows in plains, resembling orchid leaves, dark/black wrapped in white, red-black stems/fruits. Roots harvested in September.
**Wangming**, bitter in flavor. Treats body heat/evil qi; bath children with body heat. Grows in valleys. Also known as **Wangcao**.
**Leibi**, sour and warm in nature, non-toxic. Treats flaccidity/Bi. Also known as **Leichongsheng**. Grows in high fields; leaves resemble *Codonopsis* (Tianmingjing), beautiful roots. Harvested in May (*Shu Ben* states). Can be decocted for washing.
**Shixi**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats abscesses/malignant sores; decoct and wash. Also known as **Chenyao**, also known as **Chengu**, also known as **Guiba**. Grows in plains/marshes. Harvested in August.
**Zhuzhe**, kills rats, benefits qi, brightens eyes. Also known as **Baihe**, dense fruit. Grows among trees, yellow stems. Black soybean-like fruits in July (Tao Hongjing states). Du Zhong Zi is also named Zhuzhe.
**Bingku**, treats cough/rebellious qi, benefits lung qi, calms five zang. Also known as **(Huo) Xun**, also known as **Yujing**. Harvested in March, dried in shade.
**Fubigen**, pungent in flavor, toxic. Apply hot compress to abscesses/bloating. Also known as **Gaoyu**, also known as **Zizao**.
**Suogan**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats ear issues. Also known as **Maer**.
**Jing Jing**, treats burns/erosion. Harvested in Aug/Oct, dried in shade (Chen Cangqi states). Current Jing tree. Juice dyes fabric; washes burns/heat blisters effectively.
**Gui** (Li), grows on rocks. (Nuhe Qie) day softens for hair washing.
**Zhufu**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Stops pain, removes blood.
**Mi'e**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats liver evil qi. Also known as **Dufeng**.
**Tangyi**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats fractures.
**Zhizhang**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Treats hernia.
**Di Song** (Di), pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats dizziness/Bi.
**Hejian**, sour in flavor. Treats knot qi abscess in throat/neck. Grows in sea. Harvested in Aug/Sep.
**Quyu**, pungent in flavor, non-toxic. Treats heart/abdominal heat itching (*Shu Ben* writes Long).
**Sanye**, pungent in flavor. Treats cold-heat, snake/beetle stings. Also known as **Qimo** (*Shu Ben*), also known as **Fuyu**, also known as **Sanshi**, also known as **Dangtian**. Grows in fields; small black/white stems, 3 chi high, black roots. Harvested in March, dried in shade.
**Wumuma**, bitter in flavor, toxic. Treats flaccidity/incontinence, dysentery. Also known as **Luma**, also known as **Guize Ma**, also known as **Tianma**, also known as **Ruoyicao** (*Shu Ben*). No character [missing]. Grows in fields. Harvested in May.
**Jiepafu**, pungent and warm in nature, non-toxic. Lightens body, treats Bi. Harvested in May, dried in shade.
**Changlizhisheng** (*Shu Ben*: Chang Gengzhisheng), bitter and neutral in nature, non-toxic. Brightens eyes. Fruity/spiky, large like rice grains.
**Jiushe Renzhe**, sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats hernia/Bi, unblocks qi, various deficiencies. Grows in homes/palaces. Harvested in May/Oct, sun-dried.
**Dinggongji**, sweet in flavor. Treats metal wound pain, prolongs life. Also known as **Dingfu**. Grows between rocks, climbing trees; fine leaves, red large branches, mother stem size of gravel, yellow with juice. Harvested on 7th day of 7th lunar month (Chen Cangqi states). Dinggongji is Dinggong Teng.
**Chengli Chizhu**, pungent and neutral in nature. Treats women leukorrhea/bleeding, vaginal erosion, damp-Bi, evil qi; tonifies middle, benefits qi. Grows in Jin Pingyang.
**Chengdong Fumu**, salty and warm in nature. Treats heart/abdominal pain, stops dysentery/pus-blood (Chen Cangqi states). Chengdong Fumu is current ancient tree in earth, also known as **Dizhi**, treats heart/abdominal pain, ghost qi. "Chengdong" implies using earth from east wall. Du Zhenglun's formula: ancient city pillar wood decoction treats difficult labor; this is its category.
**Jie**, bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. Treats thirst, stops bleeding, women's diseases, removes Bi. Also known as **Liye**, resembling Daqing.
**Zai**, sour in flavor, non-toxic. Treats all evil qi.
**Qing**, bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Treats cough.
**(Huwa Qie)**, sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Benefits qi, prolongs life.