有小毒 植生
芫花（出神农本经）主咳逆上气喉鸣喘咽肿短气虫毒鬼疟疝瘕痈肿杀虫鱼（以上朱字神
农
本经）消胸中痰水喜（音戏）唾水肿五水在五脏皮肤及腰痛下寒毒肉毒○根疗疥疮可用毒鱼
（以
上黑字名医所录）【名】去水 黄大戟 杜芫 儿草 毒鱼 黄芫花 败华 〔根〕蜀桑根
【苗】〔图经曰〕宿根旧枝茎紫长一二尺根入土深三五寸白色似榆根皮黄赤似桑根春生苗叶
小而尖似杨柳枝叶亦似白前二月开紫花颇似紫荆作穗又似藤花而细其花须于蕊蒂细小未生叶
时收之三月叶生其花落即不堪用今绛州出者花黄谓之黄芫花也【地】〔图经曰〕生淮源川谷
今在处有之〔道地〕绛州绵州滁州邯州【时】〔生〕春生苗叶〔采〕三月三日取花【收】阴
干【用】花【质】类藤花而细【色】紫【味】辛苦【性】温泄【气】气浓味薄阳中之阴【臭】
朽
蛲瘕〔药性论云〕治心腹胀满寒痰涕唾如胶者及通利血脉并恶疮风痹湿一切毒风四肢挛急不
能行步能泻水肿胀满〔日华子云〕止嗽瘴疟
百家箸主狂狗咬乞取煎汁饮之又烧箸头为灰敷吻上燕口疮○ 木皮叶煮洗蛇咬亦可作屑
敷之 木木也出江南也○刀鞘无毒主鬼打卒得取二三寸烧末服水下之此是长刀鞘也腰刀弥佳
○树（音夭）有大毒主风痹偏枯筋骨挛缩瘫痪皮肤不仁疼冷等取枝叶捣碎大甑中蒸令热铺
着
床上展卧其中冷更易骨节间风尽出当得大汗补药及羹粥食之慎风冷劳复生江南深山叶长浓冬
月不凋山人总识也○丹桎木皮主 疡风取一握去上黑打碎煎如糖涂风上桎木似杉木生江南深
山○结杀味香主头风去白屑生发入膏药用之生西国树花胡人将香油敷头也○杓打人身上结筋
二下筋散矣○东家鸡栖木无毒主失音不语杂方云作灰服一升立效也○檀秦皮注苏云檀似秦皮
按檀树取其皮和榆皮食之可断谷尔雅云檀苦茶其叶堪为饮树体细堪作斧柯至夏有不生者忽然
叶开当有大水农人候之以测水旱号为水檀又有一种叶如檀高五六尺生高原花四月开色正紫亦
名檀根如葛极主疮疥杀虫有小毒也尔雅无檀苦茶唯言 苦茶郭注树小似栀子冬生叶可煮作羹
今早采者为茶晚采者为茗一名菽蜀人呼名之苦茶前面已有茗苦茶又引尔雅疑此误矣○石荆栾
荆注苏云用当栾荆非也按石荆似荆而小生水傍作灰汁沐头生发广济方云一名水荆主长发是也
○木黎芦漏芦注陶云漏芦一名鹿骊生山南人用苗北人用根功在本经木黎芦有毒非漏芦树生如
茱萸树高二尺有毒杀虫山人以疮疥用之○瓜芦苦菜注陶云又有瓜芦木似茗取叶煎饮通夜不寐
按此木一名皋芦而叶大似茗味苦涩南人煮为饮止渴明目除烦不睡消痰和水当茗用之广州记曰
新平县出皋芦叶大而涩南越志云龙川县有皋芦叶似茗土人谓之过罗○诸木有毒合口椒有毒椒
白色有毒木耳恶蛇虫从下过有毒生枫木上者令人笑不止采归色变者有毒夜中视光有毒欲烂不
生虫者有毒并生捣冬瓜蔓主之也
具有小毒，人工种植生长。
芫花（出自《神农本草经》）主治咳嗽气逆、喉间鸣响、气喘、咽喉肿痛、呼吸短促；治疗虫毒、鬼疟、疝气、瘕积、痈肿；杀虫，用于鱼毒。（以上为朱笔标注的《神农本草经》原文）消除胸中痰水，使人喜唾（音戏），治疗水肿及五脏皮肤内的五种水饮病和腰痛下部的寒毒、肉毒。（以下黑字为历代名医所记录的内容）根部可治疗疥疮，可用于毒杀鱼类。
【别名】去水、黄大戟、杜芫、儿草、毒鱼、黄芫花、败华。
【根部】蜀桑根。
【苗叶】《图经》记载：宿根的旧枝茎呈紫色，长一二尺，根深入土三五寸，白色，形状像榆树根，皮呈黄赤色，像桑树根。春天生出苗叶，叶子小而尖，像杨柳叶，枝叶也像白前。二月开紫花，很像紫荆花成穗状，又像藤花但更细小。其花须在蕊蒂细小处，在未生叶时采收。三月叶子长出后，花落下便不堪药用。现在绛州出产的花呈黄色，称为黄芫花。
【产地】《图经》记载：生于淮源山谷，现在各地都有。
【道地药材】绛州、绵州、滁州、邯州。
【时令】【生长】春生苗叶。【采收】三月三日采花。
【贮藏】阴干。
【药用部位】花。
【质地】类似藤花但更细。
【颜色】紫色。
【味道】辛、苦。
【药性】温，泄。
【气味】气浓味薄，属阳中之阴。
【气味特征】朽。
【功效】《药性论》云：治疗心腹胀满、寒痰、鼻涕唾液如胶状者；并通利血脉，治疗恶疮、风痹湿邪、一切毒风、四肢挛急不能行走；能泻除水肿胀满。
【日华子云】止嗽，治疗瘴疟。
百家箸：主治疯狗咬伤，取百家箸煎汁饮用；又烧百家箸头成灰敷于伤口上，治燕口疮（口角炎）。○ 木皮和叶煮水洗蛇咬伤，也可研成屑敷之。
木：木类植物，产于江南。○ 刀鞘：无毒。主治鬼击卒痛，突然发作时取二三寸烧成末，用水送服，可使其排出。这是长刀鞘。腰刀更好。○ 树（音夭）：有大毒。主治风痹、偏枯、筋骨挛缩、瘫痪、皮肤麻木不仁、疼痛发冷等。取枝叶捣碎，放入大甑中蒸热，铺在床上让人躺卧其中，冷了再更换，使骨节间的风邪尽出，应当大汗出。之后服用补药及羹粥，注意防风冷和劳复。产于江南深山，叶子长而浓密，冬天不凋落，山人都认识。○ 丹桎木皮：主治疡风（麻风或白癜风类皮肤病）。取一握，去掉上面黑色的部分，打碎，煎煮如糖状，涂于患处。桎木像杉木，产于江南深山。○ 结杀：味道香，主治头风，去除头皮白屑，促进生发，入膏药使用。产于西国。树花，胡人用香油敷头。○ 杓：打人身上结筋，用杓打两下，筋就散了。○ 东家鸡栖木：无毒。主治失音不语。杂方记载：烧成灰服用一升，立即见效。○ 檀秦皮：注苏云：檀似秦皮。按：檀树取其皮和榆皮一起食用，可以断谷（辟谷）。《尔雅》云：檀即苦茶，其叶可做饮料。树体细小，可做斧柄。到夏天有不长的，忽然叶开，预示有大水，农民靠它来测水旱，号称水檀。又有一种叶子像檀，高五六尺，生在高原，四月开花，颜色正紫，也叫檀。根像葛，极主疮疥，杀虫，有小毒。《尔雅》无“檀苦茶”，只说“苦茶”。郭璞注：树小像栀子，冬生叶，可煮作羹。今早采者为茶，晚采者为茗。一名菽。蜀人呼名之苦茶。前面已有茗、苦茶，又引《尔雅》，疑此有误。○ 石荆栾荆：注苏云：用当栾荆，非也。按：石荆像荆但较小，生水边，做灰汁洗头可生发。《广济方》云：一名水荆，主长发，是了。○ 木黎芦漏芦：注陶云：漏芦一名鹿骊，生山南，人用苗，北人用根，功效在《本经》。木黎芦有毒，非漏芦。树生如茱萸树，高二尺，有毒，杀虫。山人以治疮疥用之。○ 瓜芦苦菜：注陶云：又有瓜芦木，似茗，取叶煎饮，通夜不寐。按：此木一名皋芦，叶大似茗，味苦涩，南人煮为饮，止渴明目，除烦不睡，消痰和水，当茗用之。《广州记》曰：新平县出皋芦，叶大而涩。《南越志》云：龙川县有皋芦，叶似茗，土人谓之过罗。○ 诸木有毒：合口椒有毒，椒白色有毒，木耳恶蛇虫从下过有毒，生枫木上者令人笑不止，采归色变者有毒，夜中视光有毒，欲烂不生虫者有毒。并生捣冬瓜蔓主之也。
Possessing slight toxicity, cultivated and grown.
Yuanhua (Radix Genkwa) [originating from *Shennong Bencao Jing*]: Mainly treats cough with qi rebellion, wheezing in the throat, asthma, swelling and pain of the throat, and shortness of breath; treats insect toxins, ghost malaria, hernia, mass accumulation (*jia*), and carbuncles/swellings; kills parasites and treats fish poisoning. (The above content is marked in red ink from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Eliminates phlegm-fluids in the chest, causes frequent spitting (pronounced 'xi'), treats edema, five types of water retention in the five zang organs and skin, and cold-toxin and flesh-toxin in the lower back and waist. (The following black text records by famous doctors). The root treats scabies and can be used to poison fish.
[Aliases]: Qushui, Huang Daji, Du Yuan, Ercao, Duyu, Huang Yuanhua, Baihua.
[Root]: Shusanggen.
[Seedling/Leaf]: *Tujing* states: The old branches of the perennial root have purple stems, one to two chi long; the root penetrates three to five cun deep into the soil, is white in color, resembles elm roots, has yellowish-red bark like mulberry roots. In spring, seedlings and leaves emerge; the leaves are small and pointed, resembling willow leaves, and the branches also resemble those of Baqian. Purple flowers bloom in February, resembling the spike-like flowers of Cercis chinensis (Redbud), but finer like vine flowers. The flower stamens are small at the base; harvest before leaves emerge. When leaves appear in March, the flowers fall and become unsuitable for use. Currently, the variety produced in Jiangzhou has yellow flowers, called Huang Yuanhua.
[Origin]: *Tujing* states: Grows in valleys of Huaiyuan; now found everywhere.
[Authentic Origin]: Jiangzhou, Mianzhou, Chuzhou, Hanzhou.
[Seasonality]: [Growth] Spring emergence of seedlings and leaves. [Harvest] Harvest flowers on the third day of the third lunar month.
[Storage]: Dry in shade.
[Medicinal Part]: Flower.
[Texture]: Resembles vine flowers but finer.
[Color]: Purple.
[Taste]: Pungent, Bitter.
[Nature]: Warm, draining.
[Aroma/Flavor]: Strong aroma, thin flavor; Yin within Yang.
[Odor]: Rotten.
[Pharmacological Actions]: *Yaoxing Lun* states: Treats abdominal distension and fullness, cold-phlegm, nasal discharge and saliva like glue; promotes free flow of blood vessels, treats malignant sores, wind-bi-dampness, all toxic winds, limb spasms and inability to walk; can drain edema and distension.
[Ri Hua Zi states]: Stops cough, treats malarial fevers.
Baijiazhu: Mainly treats bites from mad dogs; take decoction to drink. Also, burn the tip of Baijiazhu to ash and apply to the wound; treats angular cheilitis (swallow's mouth sore). ○ Bark and leaves boiled for washing snake bites; can also be ground into powder and applied.
Mu: A woody plant, produced in Jiangnan. ○ Daoqiao (Knife Sheath): Non-toxic. Mainly treats sudden onset of "ghost strike" pain; take two or three cun, burn to ash, administer with water to induce expulsion. This refers to a long knife sheath. Waist knives are better. ○ Shu (pronounced 'yao'): Highly toxic. Mainly treats wind-bi, hemiplegia, tendon and bone contraction, paralysis, skin numbness, pain and coldness. Take branches and leaves, crush, steam in a large steamer until hot, spread on bed, lie upon it; replace when cool. This allows wind in joints to exit completely, inducing profuse sweating. Afterwards, take tonic medicines and gruel; avoid wind-cold and relapse due to overexertion. Produced in deep mountains of Jiangnan; leaves are long and dense, evergreen in winter; recognized by locals. ○ Danzhi Mu Pi (Bark of Danzhi Tree): Mainly treats yangfeng (leprosy or vitiligo-like skin diseases). Take a handful, remove black parts, crush, decoct until syrupy consistency, apply to affected area. Zhi mu resembles fir/cedar, produced in deep mountains of Jiangnan. ○ Jiesha: Fragrant taste, mainly treats head wind, removes dandruff, promotes hair growth, used in plasters. Produced in Western Regions. Tree flowers; Hu people apply sesame oil to heads. ○ Shao: If struck by someone causing tendon knots, hitting twice with Shao disperses the tendons. ○ Dongjia Jiximu (Chicken Roost Wood): Non-toxic. Mainly treats aphonia. Miscellaneous formulas state: Burn to ash, take one sheng, effect is immediate. ○ Tan Qinpi: Commentary by Su states: Tan resembles Qinpi. Analysis: Tan tree bark mixed with elm bark can be eaten to fast (abstain from grain). *Erya* states: Tan is bitter tea; its leaves can be brewed as drink. The tree is slender, suitable for axe handles. In summer, some do not grow; sudden leaf emergence predicts heavy rain; farmers use it to predict floods/droughts, called Shuitan. Another variety has leaves like Tan, grows 5-6 chi high on plateaus, blooms purple in April, also called Tan. Roots resemble Kudzu, mainly treats sores/scabies, kills parasites, slight toxicity. *Erya* does not mention "Tan Kucha", only "Kucha". Guo Pu's commentary: Tree small like gardenia, evergreen leaves, can be boiled for soup. Early harvested is tea, late harvested is ming. Also called Shu. Shu people call it Kucha. Ming/Kucha mentioned earlier; citing *Erya* here seems erroneous. ○ Shijing Luanjing: Commentary by Su states: Use Dangluan Jing, incorrect. Analysis: Shijing resembles Jing but smaller, grows by water; ash lye washes hair to promote growth. *Guangji Fang* states: Also called Shuijing, promotes long hair. Correct. ○ Muli Lu Loulu: Commentary by Tao states: Loulu also called Luli, grows south of mountains; southerners use seedlings, northerners use roots; efficacy in *Bencao Jing*. Muli Lu is toxic, not Loulu. Tree grows like Cornus tree, two chi high, toxic, kills parasites. Locals use for sores/scabies. ○ Gulua Kucai: Commentary by Tao states: There is also Gulua Mu, resembles tea; leaves decocted cause insomnia all night. Analysis: This tree is also called Gaolu, leaves large like tea, bitter/astringent taste; southerners brew as drink to quench thirst, brighten eyes, relieve irritability and insomnia, resolve phlegm and harmonize fluids, used as tea. *Guangzhou Ji* states: Xinping County produces Gaolu, leaves large and astringent. *Nanyue Zhi* states: Longchuan County has Gaolu, leaves like tea, locals call it Guoluo. ○ Various woods are toxic:hekou jiao (Clove) is toxic; white pepper is toxic; wood ear mushrooms contaminated by snakes crawling underneath are toxic; those growing on maple trees cause uncontrollable laughter; dried Gui that changes color is toxic; glowing at night is toxic; rotting wood that does not breed insects is toxic. All treated by crushing fresh winter melon vines and applying/administering.