\r女贞实\ph315.bmp\r，生武陵川谷，今处处有之。《山海经》云∶泰山多贞木。是此
木也。其叶似枸骨及
冬青木，极茂盛，凌冬不凋；花细，青白色；九月而实成，似牛李子。立冬采实，曝干。其
皮可以浸酒，或云即今冬青木也。而冬青木肌理白，纹如象齿，道家取以为简；其实亦浸酒
去风补血，其叶烧灰，作膏涂之，治瘅瘃殊效，兼灭瘢疵。又李邕云∶五台山冬青叶似椿，
子如郁李，微酸，性热，与此小有同异，当是别有一种耳。又岭南有一种女贞，花极繁茂而
深
红色，与此殊异，不闻中药品也。枸骨木，多生江浙间，木体白似骨，故以名。南人取以旋
作
合器甚佳。《诗·小雅》云∶南山有枸。陆机云∶山木其状如栌，一名枸骨，理白可为函板
者，是此也。皮亦堪浸酒，补腰膝，烧其枝、叶为灰，淋汁，涂白癜风，亦可作煎敷之。
\r桑寄生\ph316.bmp\r，出弘农山谷桑上，今处处有之。云是乌鸟食物，子落枝节间，
感气而生。叶似橘而
浓软，茎似槐枝而肥脆；三、四月生花，黄白色；六月、七月结实，黄色如小豆大。三月三
日采茎叶，阴干。凡槲、榉、柳、水杨、枫等上，皆有寄生，惟桑上者堪用。然殊难辨别。
医家非自采不敢用。或云断其茎而视之，其色深黄，并实中有汁稠粘者为真。谨按《尔雅》
∶寓木、宛童。郭璞云∶寄生，一名茑。《诗· 弁》云∶茑与女萝。陆机疏云∶叶似当卢
子如覆盆，赤黑甜美。而中品有松萝条，即女萝也。《诗》所谓茑与女萝，施于松上，是也。
旧云生熊耳川谷松上，五月采，阴干。古方入吐膈药。今医家鲜用，亦不复采之。但附于此。
女贞实，生长在武陵的河谷地带，如今到处都有。《山海经》说：泰山有很多贞木。指的就是这种树。它的叶子像枸骨和冬青树，非常茂盛，经历冬天也不凋谢；花细小，呈青白色；九月果实成熟，形状像牛李子。立冬时采集果实，晒干。它的树皮可以泡酒，有人说它就是现在的冬青树。但冬青树的木质纹理洁白，纹路像象牙齿，道家取它来做简牍；它的果实也可以泡酒以祛风补血，它的叶子烧成灰，制成膏药涂抹，治疗冻疮特别有效，还能消除疤痕瑕疵。另外李邕说：五台山的冬青叶像椿树，果实像郁李，味道微酸，性热，这与女贞实略有相同和不同之处，应当是另一种植物吧。另外岭南有一种女贞，花开得非常繁茂且呈深红色，这与女贞实完全不同，没听说它是中药药材。枸骨树，多生长在江浙一带，树干洁白像骨头，所以以此命名。南方人取它来制作旋转器具非常好。《诗经·小雅》说：南山有枸树。陆机说：山中的树木，形状像栌树，一名叫枸骨，纹理洁白可以做匣板子的，就是这种树。树皮也可以泡酒，补益腰膝，烧它的枝叶成灰，淋出汁液，涂抹白癜风，也可以煎煮后外敷。
桑寄生，出产于弘农山谷的桑树上，如今到处都有。说是乌鸦等鸟类的食物，种子落在树枝节间，感应地气而生。叶子像橘子叶但更浓密柔软，茎像槐树枝但更肥厚脆嫩；三、四月开花，黄白色；六、七月结果，黄色如小豆大小。三月三日采集茎叶，阴干。凡是槲树、榉树、柳树、水杨、枫树等上面，都有寄生生长，只有生长在桑树上的才堪当药用。然而很难辨别真假。医家如果不是自己采摘的不敢使用。有人说折断它的茎观察颜色，如果颜色深黄，并且果实中有粘稠汁液的才是真品。谨按《尔雅》记载：寓木、宛童。郭璞说：寄生，一名茑。《诗经·小雅·角弓》（注：原文“弁”应为“角弓”或泛指，此处依文意理解）说：茑与女萝依附生长。陆机疏解说：叶子像当卢子（一种植物），果实像覆盆子，赤黑色甜美。而中品中有松萝条，就是女萝。《诗经》所说的茑与女萝，依附在松树上，就是这个。旧书记载生长在熊耳川谷的松树上，五月采集，阴干。古方中用于催吐膈上痰涎的药物。现在医家很少使用，也不再采集了。只是附记在这里。
**Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (Nü Zhen Shi)**
Grows in the valleys of Wuling, and is now found everywhere. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas* states: "Mount Tai has many Zhen trees." This refers to this tree. Its leaves resemble those of *Ilex cornuta* (Gou Gu) and *Ilex chinensis* (Dong Qing), are extremely lush, and do not wither in winter; the flowers are small and greenish-white; the fruit matures in September and resembles a cow plum. Collect the fruit at the Start of Winter, dry it in the sun. The bark can be soaked in wine; some say it is the same as the modern Dong Qing tree. However, the wood of Dong Qing is white with grain resembling elephant teeth, and Daoists use it to make bamboo slips; its fruit can also be soaked in wine to dispel wind and nourish blood; its leaves, when burned to ash and made into an ointment for topical application, are highly effective in treating chilblains and can also remove scars and blemishes. Furthermore, Li Yong stated: "The Dong Qing on Mount Wutai has leaves resembling those of the Toona tree, and fruits like the Chinese cherry, slightly sour and hot in nature." This differs slightly from Nü Zhen Shi and is likely a different species. Additionally, there is a type of Nü Zhen in Lingnan with extremely abundant deep red flowers, which is quite different from this one and is not known as a medicinal herb. *Ilex cornuta* (Gou Gu Mu) grows mostly in Jiangsu and Zhejiang; its trunk is white like bone, hence its name. People in the south use it to turn excellent vessels. The *Book of Songs · Xiao Ya* states: "On the southern mountain are Gou trees." Lu Ji explained: "A mountain tree resembling the *Eucommia ulmoides* (Lu), also called Gou Gu, with white grain suitable for making boxes or boards, is this one." The bark can also be soaked in wine to tonify the waist and knees; burning its branches and leaves to ash and leaching the juice can treat vitiligo, or it can be decocted for external application.
**Ramulus Taxilli (Sang Ji Sheng)**
Originates from the branches of mulberry trees in the valleys of Hongnong, and is now found everywhere. It is said to be food for crows; the seeds fall between branch nodes and germinate by absorbing qi. The leaves resemble orange leaves but are thicker and softer; the stems resemble locust branches but are fatter and more brittle; flowers appear in March and April, yellowish-white; fruits form in June and July, yellow and the size of small beans. Collect the stems and leaves on the third day of the third lunar month, and dry them in the shade. Parasites grow on oak (*Quercus*), zelkova (*Zelkova*), willow (*Salix*), poplar (*Populus*), maple (*Acer*), etc., but only those growing on mulberry trees are suitable for use. However, they are difficult to distinguish. Physicians dare not use them unless harvested personally. Some say that if you break the stem and observe it, if the color is deep yellow and the fruit contains thick, sticky juice, it is genuine. According to the *Erya*: "Yi Mu" (parasitic plant), "Wan Tong". Guo Pu stated: "Ji Sheng, also named Niao." The *Book of Songs* says: "Niao and Nu Luo attach themselves." Lu Ji's commentary explains: "Leaves resemble Dang Lu, fruits resemble raspberries, dark red-black and sweet." In the middle category of materia medica, there is Song Luo (Usnea), which is Nu Luo. What the *Book of Songs* refers to as "Niao and Nu Luo attaching to pines" is this. Old records state it grows on pines in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain, collected in May, dried in the shade. Ancient prescriptions used it in emetic medicines for clearing the diaphragm. Currently, physicians rarely use it and no longer harvest it. It is merely recorded here for reference.