\r牡荆\ph314.bmp\r，生河间、南阳、冤句三谷，或平寿、都乡高岸上及田野中。今
眉州、蜀州及近京亦有
之，此即作棰杖者，俗名黄荆是也。枝茎坚劲，作科不为蔓生，故称牡。叶如蓖麻，更疏瘦
；花红作穗；实细而黄，如麻子大；或云即小荆也。八月、九月采实，阴干。此有青赤二种
，以青者为佳。谨按陶隐居《登真隐诀》云∶荆木之华、叶，通神见鬼精。注云∶寻荆有三
种。直云荆木，即是今可作棰杖者，叶香，亦有花、子，子不入药。方术则用牡荆，牡荆子
入药，北方人略无识其木者。《六甲阴符》说∶一名羊栌，一名空疏，理白而中虚。断植即
生。今羊栌斫植亦生，而花实微细。非药家所用者。天监三年，上将合神仙饭，奉敕论牡荆
曰∶荆，花白多子，子粗大，历历疏生，不过三、两茎，多不能圆，或褊或异，或多似竹节
。叶与余荆不殊。蜂多采牡荆，牡荆汁冷而甜。余荆被烧，则烟火气苦。牡荆体慢汁实，烟
火不入其中，主治心风第一。于时即远近寻觅，遂不值，犹用荆叶。今之所有者云∶崔元亮
《集验方》，治腰脚蒸法，取荆叶不限多少，蒸令熟热，置于瓮中，其下着火，温之，以病
人置于叶中，剩着叶，盖须臾当汗出药中，旋旋吃饭，稍倦即止，便以绵衣盖避风，仍进葱
豉
酒，及豆酒，并得以瘥为度。又取此荆茎条，截，于火上烧之两头，以器承取沥汁，饮之。
主
不
睡。
牡荆，生长在河间、南阳、冤句三地的山谷中，或者在平寿、都乡的高岸上以及田野里。现在眉州、蜀州以及京城附近也有生长，这就是用来制作棍棒的那种，俗名叫黄荆。它的枝条和茎干坚硬强劲，呈丛生状而不蔓生，所以称为“牡”。叶子像蓖麻叶，但更稀疏瘦小；花是红色的，呈穗状；果实细小且黄色，大小如麻子；有人说它就是小荆树。八月、九月采集果实，阴干。这种植物有青、赤两种颜色，以青色者为佳。
谨按陶隐居《登真隐诀》记载：荆树的华（花）和叶，可以通神见鬼精。注释说：寻找荆树有三种。直接称的“荆木”，就是现在可以用来做棍棒的，叶子有香味，也有花和子，但子不入药方。方术则使用牡荆，牡荆子入药，北方人几乎没有认识这种树木的。《六甲阴符》说：又名羊栌，又名空疏，纹理白色且中间空虚。折断后种植也能再生。现在的羊栌砍伐后种植也能再生，但花实非常微小。不是医药家所用的那种。天监三年，皇帝准备合制神仙饭，奉敕论述牡荆说：荆树，花白多子，子粗大，颗粒分明地稀疏生长，不过三、两茎，大多不能圆，有的扁有的异，有的多像竹节。叶子与其他荆树没有不同。蜜蜂多采集牡荆，牡荆汁液冷而甜。其他荆树被烧，则有烟火气且苦。牡荆体质缓慢，汁液充实，烟火不入其中，主治心风第一。当时就远近寻觅，却没找到，仍用荆叶。现在所拥有的是这样说的：崔元亮《集验方》，治疗腰脚蒸法，取荆叶不限多少，蒸令熟热，放在瓮中，下面点火，温之，让病人坐在叶中，剩下铺着叶子，盖一会儿应当汗出药中，慢慢吃饭，稍感疲倦就停止，就用绵衣覆盖避风，仍然进服葱豉酒，及豆酒，都以病愈为限度。又取这种荆树的茎条，截断，在火上烧两头，用容器承接取沥出的汁液，饮用它。主治不睡（失眠）。
Mojing (Vitex negundo), grows in the valleys of Hejian, Nanyang, and Yuanju, or on the high banks of Pingshou and Duxiang, as well as in fields. Currently, it is also found in Meizhou, Shuzhou, and areas near the capital. This is the variety used to make canes and sticks, commonly known as Huangjing (Yellow Vitex). Its branches and stems are firm and strong, growing in clumps rather than as vines, hence the name "Mu" (Male). The leaves resemble those of Ricinus communis (Castor bean) but are sparser and thinner; the flowers are red and spike-like; the fruits are small and yellow, about the size of sesame seeds; some say it is the small Jing tree. The fruits are harvested in August and September and dried in the shade. There are two varieties, green and red, with the green one being superior.
According to Tao Hongjing's *Dengzhen Yinjue* (Secrets of Ascending to Truth and Hiding): The flowers and leaves of the Jing tree can connect with spirits and reveal ghostly essences. The annotation states: There are three types of Jing trees. The one simply called "Jing wood" refers to the current type used for making canes; its leaves are fragrant, and it has flowers and seeds, but the seeds are not used in medicine. For Daoist arts, Mojing is used, and Mojing seeds are used medicinally; northerners rarely recognize this tree. *Lujia Yinfu* (Six Jia Secret Talisman) says: It is also named Yanglu, also named Kongshu, with white texture and a hollow center. It regenerates when broken and planted. The current Yanglu also regenerates after cutting and planting, but its flowers and fruits are very minute. It is not the variety used by pharmacists. In the third year of Tianjian, the Emperor was preparing to compound Immortal Rice and issued an edict discussing Mojing: Jing trees have white flowers and many seeds; the seeds are coarse and grow sparsely in distinct clusters, usually only three or two stems per cluster, mostly not round, sometimes flat or irregular, resembling bamboo nodes. The leaves are no different from other Jing trees. Bees often gather from Mojing; Mojing juice is cold and sweet. Other Jing trees, when burned, produce smoky fire odor that is bitter. Mojing has a slow constitution and solid juice, preventing smoke and fire from entering it; it is primarily effective for treating Xin Feng (Wind affecting the Heart). At that time, people searched far and wide but could not find it, so they still used Jing leaves. What is currently available is described as follows: Cui Yuanliang's *Jiyan Fang* (Collected Verified Prescriptions) describes a steaming method for waist and leg pain: take Jing leaves without limit, steam until hot and cooked, place them in a jar, ignite fire underneath to warm it, place the patient among the leaves, cover with remaining leaves, and after a short while, sweating should occur within the medicinal environment. Eat slowly, stop when slightly tired, cover with cotton clothes to avoid wind, and administer Congchi Wine (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Wine) and Doujiu (Bean Wine), continuing until recovery. Additionally, take the stems of this Jing tree, cut them, burn both ends over fire, collect the dripping juice in a vessel, and drink it. It treats insomnia (Bu Shui).