\r磁石\ph33.bmp\r，生泰山山谷及慈山山阴有铁处，则生其阳。今磁州、徐州及南海
傍山中皆有之。慈州
者岁贡最佳，能吸铁虚连十数针，或一、二斤刀器，回转不落者尤真。采无时。其石中有孔
，孔中黄赤色，其上有细毛，性温，功用更胜。谨按《南州异物志》云∶涨海崎头水浅而多
磁石，徼外大舟以铁叶锢之者，至此多不得过。以此言之，海南所出尤多也。按磁石一名玄
石，
而此下自有玄石条，云生泰山之阳，山阴有铜，铜者雌，铁者雄。主疗颇亦相近，而寒温铜
铁畏恶乃别。苏恭以为铁液也。是磁石，中无孔，光泽纯黑者，其功劣于磁石。又不能悬针
。今北蕃以磁石作礼物，其块多光泽，又吸针无力，疑是此石，医方罕用。
\r长石\ph35.bmp\r，生长子山谷及泰山、临淄，今惟路州有之。纹如马齿，方而润泽
玉色。此石颇似石膏
，但浓大，纵理而长为别耳。采无时。谨按《本经》理石、长石二物二条，其味与功效亦别
。又云∶理石如石膏顺理而细。陶隐居云∶理石亦呼为长理石。苏恭云∶理石皮黄赤，肉白
，作斜理，不似石膏，市人刮去皮以代寒水石，并当 石。今灵宝丹用长、理石为一物。医
家相承用者，乃似石膏，与今潞州所出长石无异，而诸郡无复出理石，医方亦不见单用，往
往呼长石为长理石。又市中所货寒水石，亦有带黄赤皮者，不知果是理石否？
磁石，生长在泰山山谷以及慈山山阴有铁矿的地方，就会生长在山阳面。现在的磁州、徐州以及南海旁边的山中都有出产。慈州出产的每年进贡，品质最佳，能吸附十几根针悬空连接，或者一两斤重的刀具器具，旋转而不掉落，这尤其被认为是真品。采集没有固定的时间。这种石头中有孔洞，孔洞中呈黄赤色，上面长有细毛，药性温，功效更好。谨按照《南州异物志》记载：涨海崎头水浅且多磁石，边界之外的大船用铁叶包裹加固，到了这里大多无法通过。由此说来，海南所出的磁石尤其多。按考证，磁石又名玄石，而在本条目下自有玄石条目，说玄石生长在泰山的阳面，山阴面有铜矿，铜为雌，铁为雄。主治功效颇为相近，但寒热属性及铜铁的畏恶关系却不同。苏恭认为它是铁液凝结而成。如果是磁石中无孔洞、光泽纯黑的，其药效劣于有孔的磁石。而且不能悬挂针具。现在北方少数民族以磁石作为礼物，其石块多有光泽，吸力微弱，怀疑是这种石头，医方中很少使用。
长石，生长于长子山谷以及泰山、临淄，现在只有路州有出产。纹理像马齿，形状方正而润泽，呈玉色。这种石头颇像石膏，只是更浓大，纵纹明显且较长作为区别。采集没有固定的时间。谨按照《神农本草经》理石、长石两个条目，它们的味和功效也不同。又说：理石像石膏，顺理而细。陶隐居说：理石也称为长理石。苏恭说：理石皮黄赤，肉白，呈斜理，不像石膏，市井之人刮去皮来代替寒水石，都应当是理石。现在灵宝炼丹使用长石、理石作为一种药材。医生家相传使用的，乃是像石膏，与现在潞州所产的长石没有差异，而各郡不再出产理石，医方中也未见单独使用，往往称呼长石为长理石。另外市场上售卖的寒水石，也有带黄赤皮的，不知道果真是理石吗？
Fangjieshi (Calcite), its content is attached under the entry for Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).
Cishi (Magnetitum), grows in the valleys of Mount Tai and on the shady slopes of Ci Mountain where iron exists; it then grows on the sunny slopes. It is currently found in Cizhou, Xuzhou, and mountains near the South Sea. The specimens from Cizhou are annually offered as tribute and are considered the best quality; they can suspend more than ten needles in a chain or hold knives and utensils weighing one or two *jin*, rotating without falling, which is especially indicative of authenticity. There is no fixed time for harvesting. This stone contains pores; the interior of the pores is yellowish-red, with fine hairs on top. Its nature is warm, and its efficacy is superior. According to the *Nanzhou Yiwu Zhi* (*Records of Strange Things from the Southern Provinces*): "In the shallow waters of Qitou in the Zhang Sea, there is much magnetite. Large ships beyond the frontier, reinforced with iron sheets, often cannot pass this point." From this, it can be inferred that magnetite is particularly abundant in Hainan. Note that Cishi is also known as Xuanshi (Black Stone). However, there is a separate entry for Xuanshi below, stating that it grows on the sunny side of Mount Tai, while copper exists on the shady side; copper is considered female (Yin), and iron male (Yang). Their therapeutic indications are quite similar, but their cold/warm natures and mutual aversions differ. Su Gong believed it to be congealed iron fluid. Magnetite that lacks pores and has a pure black luster has inferior efficacy compared to porous magnetite. Furthermore, it cannot suspend needles. Currently, northern barbarians use magnetite as gifts; these pieces often have a luster but weak magnetic attraction, leading to suspicion that they are a different stone rarely used in medical prescriptions.
Xuanshi (Black Stone), its content is attached under the entry for Cishi.
Changshi (Albitum/Orthoclase), grows in the valleys of Changzi, as well as Mount Tai and Linzi. Currently, it is only available in Luzhou. Its texture resembles horse teeth, being square-shaped, moist, and jade-colored. This stone somewhat resembles Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), differing mainly in being denser, larger, having longitudinal grain, and being longer. There is no fixed time for harvesting. According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (*Divine Farmer's Materia Medica*), Lishi (Lapis Calcitae) and Changshi are listed in two separate entries, with distinct flavors and efficacies. It further states: "Lishi resembles Shigao, with fine longitudinal grain." Tao Hongjing stated: "Lishi is also called Changlishi." Su Gong said: "Lishi has yellowish-red skin and white flesh, with oblique grain, unlike Shigao. Merchants scrape off the skin to substitute for Hanshuishi (Alumen Rubrum), but both should actually be Lishi." Currently, Lingbao alchemy uses Changshi and Lishi as a single substance. The material passed down and used by physicians resembles Shigao and is indistinguishable from the Changshi produced in modern Luzhou. However, other commanderies no longer produce Lishi, and medical formulas do not show its standalone use; often, Changshi is referred to as Changlishi. Additionally, the Hanshuishi sold in markets sometimes has yellowish-red skin; it is unknown if this is truly Lishi.