草三棱，文具京三棱条下。
\r阿魏\ph212.bmp\r，出西蕃及昆仑，今惟广州有之。旧说苗、叶、根极似白芷。捣
根汁，日煎作饼者为上
，截根穿曝干者为次。今广州出者，云是木膏液滴酿结成。二说不同。谨按段成式《酉阳杂
俎》云∶阿魏木，生波斯国，呼为阿虞木，长八、九尺，皮色青黄；三月生叶，似鼠耳，无
花实；断其枝，汁出如饴，久乃坚凝，名阿魏。或云取其汁和米、豆屑，合酿而成，乃与今
广州所上相近耳。
\r芦荟\ph213.bmp\r，出波斯国，今惟广州有来者。其木生山野中，滴脂泪而成。采
之不拘时月。俗呼为
象胆，以其味苦而云耳。芦荟治湿痒，搔之有黄汁者。刘禹锡着其方云∶余少年曾患癣，初
在颈项间，后延上左耳，遂成湿疮，用斑猫、狗胆、桃根等诸药，徒令蜇 ，其疮转盛。偶
于楚州，卖药人教用芦荟一两，研，炙甘草半两，末，相和令匀，先以温浆水洗癣，乃用旧
干帛子拭干，便以二味合和傅之，立干，便瘥，神奇。又治 齿。崔元亮《 海上方》云∶
取芦荟四分，杵末，先以盐揩齿令先净，然后傅少末于上，妙也。
\r缩沙蜜\ph214.bmp\r，出南地，今惟岭南山泽间有之。苗茎作高良姜，高三、四尺；
叶青，长八、九寸，
阔半寸以来；三月、四月开花在根下；五、六月成实，五、七十枚作一穗，状似益智，皮紧
浓而皱如栗纹，外有刺，黄赤色。皮间细子一团，八漏可四十余粒，如黍米大，微黑色，七
月、八月采。
草三棱，其详细记载见“京三棱”条目之下。
阿魏，产于西蕃及昆仑地区，如今只有广州有出产。旧时的说法是，它的苗、叶、根极像白芷。将根捣碎取汁，经日晒煎煮制成饼状的是上品；将根截断穿孔后晾晒干燥的是次品。如今广州出产的阿魏，据说是树木的膏液滴落酝酿凝结而成。这两种说法不同。谨按段成式《酉阳杂俎》记载：阿魏树生长在波斯国，被称为阿虞木，高八、九尺，树皮颜色青黄；三月生叶，形状像鼠耳，没有花和果实；折断树枝，流出汁液像饴糖一样，时间久了便坚硬凝固，称为阿魏。有人说取这种汁液与米、豆屑混合，共同酝酿而成，这就与如今广州所进献的阿魏相近了。
芦荟，产于波斯国，如今只有广州有从那里运来的。它的树木生长在山野之中，滴落树脂泪珠而形成。采集它不拘泥于特定的月份。俗称为象胆，是因为它的味道苦的缘故。芦荟治疗湿痒，抓挠后有黄色汁液渗出的症状。刘禹锡记载了他的方子说：我年轻时曾患癣疾，起初在颈项之间，后来蔓延到左耳上方，于是成了湿疮，使用斑蝥、狗胆、桃根等各种药物，徒然让皮肤受到刺激疼痛，疮势反而加重。偶然在楚州时，卖药的人教我用芦荟一两，研成粉末，炙甘草半两，也研成粉末，两者混合均匀，先用温浆水清洗癣处，然后用旧的干布擦干，接着将这两味药混合敷在上面，立刻结痂干燥，随即痊愈，非常神奇。又用于治疗龋齿。崔元亮《海上经验方》说：取芦荟四分，捣成粉末，先用盐刷牙使牙齿清洁干净，然后在患处敷上少许粉末，效果很好。
缩沙蜜，产于南方地区，如今只有岭南的山泽之间有出产。它的苗茎长得像高良姜，高三、四尺；叶子青色，长八、九寸，宽半寸左右；三月、四月在根部开花；五、六月结果实，五、七十枚聚成一穗，形状像益智仁，果皮紧绷浓密且皱缩如栗子纹路，外面有刺，呈黄赤色。果皮间有一团细小的种子，大约四十多粒，像黍米大小，微黑色，七月、八月采收。
Cao Sanleng (Samolus valerandi), its detailed description is found under the entry for Jing Sanleng (Bupleuri Radix).
Asafoetida (Ferulae Resina), originates from Xifan and Kunlun regions, and is currently only available in Guangzhou. Old theories state that its seedlings, leaves, and roots closely resemble Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix). The best quality is obtained by crushing the roots to extract juice, which is then sun-dried and boiled into cakes; a secondary quality is obtained by cutting the roots, piercing them, and drying them in the sun. It is said that the Asafoetida produced in Guangzhou today is formed by the dripping and fermentation of tree resin. These two explanations differ. According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: The Asafoetida tree grows in Persia and is called Ayumu, standing eight or nine chi tall, with greenish-yellow bark; it produces leaves in March resembling mouse ears, without flowers or fruits; when branches are broken, sap flows out like malt sugar, hardening over time into what is named Asafoetida. Some say it is made by mixing this sap with rice and bean bran to ferment, which is close to the Asafoetida presented in Guangzhou today.
Aloe (Aloes Folium), originates from Persia, and is currently only imported via Guangzhou. Its trees grow in mountains and wild areas, forming through the dripping of resinous tears. They can be harvested at any time of the year. Commonly known as "Elephant Gall" (Xiang Dan) due to its bitter taste. Aloe treats damp itching where scratching yields yellow fluid. Liu Yuxi recorded his prescription: In my youth, I suffered from tinea capitis/corporis, initially on the neck, later spreading to the left ear, becoming a damp sore. Using various drugs such as Mylabris (Ban Mao), Dog Gallbladder (Gou Dan), and Peach Root (Tao Gen) merely caused stinging pain, worsening the soreness. While in Chuzhou, a medicine seller taught me to use one liang of Aloe, ground into powder, and half a liang of roasted Licorice Root (Zhi Gan Cao), also ground into powder. Mix them evenly. First wash the tinea area with warm fermented grain water, then dry with an old dry cloth. Apply the mixed powders topically. It dries immediately and heals miraculously. It also treats dental caries (Qu Chi). Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* states: Take four fen of Aloe, pound into powder. First clean teeth thoroughly with salt, then apply a small amount of the powder topically. Excellent effect.
Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), originates from southern regions, and is currently only found in the mountainous and marshy areas of Lingnan. Its seedlings and stems resemble Gao Liang Jiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma), growing three to four chi high; leaves are green, eight to nine cun long, and about half a cun wide; flowers bloom at the root base in March and April; fruits mature in May and June, with 50 to 70 fruits per spike, resembling Yi Zhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), with tight, thick, wrinkled skin like chestnut patterns, covered with spines, yellow-red in color. Inside the skin is a cluster of fine seeds, about forty grains per unit, sized like millet, slightly black, harvested in July and August.