\r菖蒲\ph81.bmp\r，生上洛池泽及蜀郡严道，今处处有之，而池州、戎州者佳。春生
青叶，长一、二尺许
，其叶中心有脊，状如剑；无花实；五月、十二月采根，阴干。今以五月五日收之。其根盘
屈有节，状如马鞭大。一根傍引三、四根，傍根节尤密，一寸九节者佳，亦有一寸十二节者
。采之初虚软，曝干方坚实。折之中心色微赤，嚼之辛香少滓。人多植于干燥沙石土中，腊
月移之尤易活。古方亦有单服者。采得紧小，似鱼鳞者。治择一斤许，以水及米泔浸各一宿
，又刮去皮，切，曝干，捣筛，以糯米粥和匀，更入熟蜜，搜丸梧子大， 葛袋盛，置当风
处，令干。每旦酒饮任下三十丸，临卧更服二十丸，久久得效，如《本经》所说。又蜀人用
治心腹冷气 痛者，取一、二寸棰碎，同吴茱萸煎汤饮之良。黔、蜀蛮人，亦常将随行，卒
患心痛，嚼一、二寸，热汤或酒送亦效。其生蛮谷中者尤佳。人家移种者亦堪用，但干后辛
香坚实，不及蛮人持来者。此即医方所用石菖蒲也。又有水菖蒲，生溪涧水泽中甚多，叶亦
相似，但中心无脊。采之干后轻虚多滓，殊不及石菖蒲，不堪入药用，但可捣末，油调涂疥
瘙。今药肆所货，多以两种相杂，尤难辨也。
\r远志\ph82.bmp\r，生泰山及冤句川谷，今河、陕、京西州郡亦有之。根黄色，形如
蒿根；苗名小草，似
麻黄而青，又如荜豆。叶亦有似大青而小者；三月，开花白色；根长及一尺。四月采根、叶
，阴、干。今云晒干用。泗州出者花红，根、叶俱大于它处；商州者根又黑色。俗传夷门远
志最佳。古方通用远志、小草，今医但用远志，稀用小草。《古今录验》及范汪方，治胸痹
心痛逆气，膈中饮不下。小草丸∶小草、桂心、蜀椒去汗、干姜、细辛各三分，附子二分炮
，六物合捣下筛，和以蜜丸大如梧子。先食米汁下三丸，日三，不知稍增，以知为度。禁猪
肉、冷水、生葱、菜。
菖蒲，生长在上洛的池泽以及蜀郡严道等地，如今各地都有出产，但池州和戎州产的质量最佳。春天生出青色的叶子，长约一、二尺左右，叶片中心有脊棱，形状像剑；不开花也不结果实；五月和十二月采集根部，阴干保存。现在多在五月五日采收。它的根部盘曲且有节，粗细像马鞭一样。一根主根旁边引出三、四根侧根，侧根的节特别密集，一寸长有九节的为佳，也有一寸长十二节的。刚采挖时根部虚软，晒干后才变得坚实。折断后中心颜色微红，咀嚼时有辛辣香气且残渣少。人们多将其种植在干燥的沙石土壤中，腊月移栽尤其容易成活。古方中也有单味服用菖蒲的。选取紧小、纹理似鱼鳞的药材，处理一斤左右，先用清水和米泔水浸泡一个晚上，再刮去外皮，切片，晒干，捣碎过筛，用糯米粥调和均匀，再加入熟蜂蜜，揉搓成梧桐子大小的药丸，装入葛布袋中，放在通风处晾干。每天早晨用酒送服三十丸，临睡前再服二十丸，长期坚持可见效，正如《神农本草经》所述。另外，蜀地人用它治疗心腹冷气疼痛，取一、二寸长的根捶碎，同吴茱萸一起煎汤饮用效果良好。黔地和蜀地的少数民族，也常随身携带此药，突发心痛时，嚼食一、二寸长的根，用热汤或酒送服也有效。生长在蛮荒山谷中的菖蒲尤佳。人家移栽种植的也可以使用，但晒干后的辛辣香气和坚实程度，不如少数民族从山中采来的好。这就是医方中所用的石菖蒲。另外还有水菖蒲，大量生长在溪涧水泽中，叶子也很相似，只是叶片中心没有脊棱。采挖晒干后质地轻虚且渣滓多，远不及石菖蒲，不能入药使用，只能捣成粉末，用油调匀涂抹治疗疥疮瘙痒。如今药店售卖的，多以这两种混杂在一起，尤其难以辨别。
远志，生长在泰山及冤句的川谷中，如今河、陕、京西等州郡也有出产。根部呈黄色，形状像蒿草的根；地上部分的茎叶名叫“小草”，样子像麻黄但颜色偏青，又有点像荜豆。叶子也有像大青但较小的；三月开白花；根长可达一尺。四月采集根和叶，阴干保存。现在说法是晒干使用。泗州出产的远志花朵发红，根和叶都比其他地方的大；商州出产的根又呈黑色。民间传说夷门出产的远志质量最佳。古方中通用远志和小草，如今医生只用远志，很少用小草。《古今录验》及范汪的方子，用于治疗胸痹、心痛、气逆，以及膈间有水饮停滞无法下咽的症状。小草丸：由小草、桂心、去汗的蜀椒、干姜、细辛各三分，炮制过的附子二分组成，将六味药混合捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜调和制成梧桐子大小的药丸。饭前用米汁送服三丸，每日三次，若无效可逐渐增加剂量，以见效为度。服药期间禁止食用猪肉、冷水、生葱和蔬菜。
Acorus tatarinowii (Shichangpu), originally growing in the ponds and marshes of Shangluo and Yandao of Shu Commandery, is now found everywhere, but those from Chizhou and Rongzhou are considered superior. In spring, it produces green leaves about one to two chi long; the center of each leaf has a midrib, resembling a sword blade; it does not flower or bear fruit. The roots are harvested in May and December and dried in the shade. Currently, harvesting is often done on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The roots are knotted and jointed, roughly the thickness of a horse whip. From a single main root, three to four lateral roots branch out; the joints on these lateral roots are particularly dense. Roots with nine joints per cun are preferred, though some have twelve joints per cun. Freshly dug roots are soft and hollow, becoming firm only after sun-drying. When broken, the center is slightly reddish; chewing yields a pungent, fragrant taste with little residue. It is commonly planted in dry, sandy, or stony soil, and transplanting in the twelfth lunar month ensures high survival rates. Ancient prescriptions also include cases of single-herb administration. Select tight, small roots with scales resembling fish skin. For processing approximately one jin: soak in water and rice wash for one night, scrape off the skin, slice, sun-dry, crush, and sieve. Mix evenly with glutinous rice porridge, add cooked honey, and knead into pills the size of wutong seeds. Store in a kudzu bag and dry in a ventilated place. Take thirty pills with wine every morning, and twenty pills before bed. Consistent use yields results as described in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Additionally, people in Shu use it to treat cold qi pain in the heart and abdomen: take one to two cun of root, crush it, decoct with Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu) in water, and drink the soup. People in Qian and Shu regions often carry it with them; for sudden heart pain, chewing one to two cun of root and swallowing with hot water or wine is effective. Those growing in remote mountain valleys are especially good. Cultivated varieties are usable but lack the pungency and firmness of wild-harvested ones. This is the Shi Changpu used in medical formulas. There is also Water Acorus (Shui Changpu), which grows abundantly in streams and marshes. Its leaves are similar but lack a central midrib. After drying, it is light, spongy, and fibrous, far inferior to Stone Acorus, and unsuitable for internal medicinal use. It can only be crushed into powder, mixed with oil, and applied topically to treat scabies and itching. Modern pharmacies often mix these two types, making them difficult to distinguish.
Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi), originally growing in the valleys of Mount Tai and Yuanju, is now also found in He, Sha, and Jingxi prefectures. The root is yellow and resembles Artemisiae Radix (Haogen). The aerial part is called "Xiaocao" (Little Grass); it looks like Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) but is greener, and somewhat like Pisum Sativum (Bidou). Leaves vary, some resembling Isatidis Folium (Daqingye) but smaller. It flowers white in March. Roots can grow up to one chi long. Roots and leaves are harvested in April, dried in the shade, though currently, sun-drying is common. Those from Sizhou have red flowers and larger roots and leaves than others; those from Shangzhou have black roots. Folk tradition holds that Yuanzhi from Yimen is the best. Ancient formulas generally used both Yuanzhi and Xiaocao, but modern physicians primarily use Yuanzhi, rarely using Xiaocao. *Jin Gu Lu Yan* and Fang Wang's prescriptions treat chest bi syndrome, heart pain, rebellious qi, and fluid retention in the diaphragm preventing swallowing. Xiaocao Pill: composed of Xiaocao, Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guixin), Zanthoxyli Fructus (Shujiao, de-oiled), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Asari Radix (Xixin), each 3 fen, and prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi) 2 fen. These six ingredients are crushed, sifted, and bound with honey into pills the size of wutong seeds. Take three pills with rice broth before meals, three times daily. If ineffective, gradually increase the dose until therapeutic effect is achieved. Contraindications include pork, cold water, raw green onions, and vegetables.