\r地黄\ph80.bmp\r，生咸阳川泽，黄土地者佳，今处处有之，以同州为上。二月生叶，
布地便出，似车前
，叶上有皱纹而不光，高者及尺余，低者三、四寸，其花似油麻花而红紫色，亦有黄花者，
其实作房如连翘，子甚细而沙褐色，根如人手指，通黄色，粗细长短不常。二月、八月采根
，蒸三、二日令烂，曝干，谓之熟地黄。阴干者，是生地黄。种之甚易，根入土即生。一说
∶古称种地黄宜黄土。今不然，大宜肥壤虚地，则根大而多汁。其法以苇席圆编如车轮，径
丈余，以壤土实苇席中为坛，坛上又以苇席实土为一级，比下坛径减一尺。如此数级，如浮
屠也。乃以地黄根节多者寸断之，莳坛上，层层令满，逐日以水灌之，令茂盛。至春秋分时
，自上层取之，根皆长大而不断折，不被 伤故也。得根曝干之。熟干地黄最上。出同州，
光润而甘美。南方不复识。但以生地黄草烟熏使干黑，洗之煤尽，仍白也。今干之法∶取肥
地黄三、二十斤，净洗，更以拣去细根及根节瘦短者，亦得二、三十斤，捣绞取汁，投银铜
器中，下肥地黄浸漉令浃，饭上蒸三、四过，时时浸漉转蒸讫，又曝使汁尽，其地黄当光黑
如漆
，味甘如饴糖，须瓷器内收之，以其脂柔喜暴润也。又医家欲辨精粗，初采得以水浸。有浮
者名天黄，不堪用；半沉者名人黄，为次；其沉者名地黄，最佳也。神仙方服食地黄，采取
根，净洗，捣绞取汁，煎令小稠，内白蜜更煎，令可丸。晨朝酒送三十丸如梧子，日三。亦
入青州枣肉同丸。又煎膏入干根末丸服。又四月采其实，阴干，筛末，水服钱匕，其效皆等
。其花名地髓花。延年方有单服二法。又治伤折金疮为最要之药。《肘后方》∶疗 折四肢
骨破碎及筋伤蹉跌，烂捣生地黄熬之，裹所伤处，以竹简编夹之，遍急缚勿令转动，一日一
夕，可以十易，则瘥。崔元亮《海上方》∶治一切心痛，无问新久，以生地黄一味，随人所
食多少，捣绞取汁，搜面作 ，或冷淘食，良久当利出虫长一尺许，头似壁宫，后不复患
矣。昔有人患此病，三年不瘥，深以为恨，临终戒其家人，吾死后，当剖去病本，果得虫，
置于竹节中，每所食，皆饲之，因食地黄 ，亦与之，随即坏烂，由此得方。刘禹锡《传
信方》∶亦记其事云∶贞元十年，通事舍人崔抗女，患心痛垂气绝，遂作地黄冷淘食之，便
吐一物，可方一寸以来，如虾蟆状，无目、足等，微似有口，盖为此物所食，自此遂愈。
食冷淘不用着盐。
地黄，生长在咸阳的川泽地带，以黄土地出产的为佳，如今各地都有，其中以同州产的最好。二月生叶，贴着地面长出，形状像车前草，叶面有皱纹且不光滑，高的有一尺多，低的三、四寸高。它的花像油菜花，呈红紫色，也有黄花。果实像连翘的房室，种子很细，呈沙褐色。根像人的手指，通体黄色，粗细长短不一。二月和八月采挖根部，蒸两三日至软烂，晒干，称为熟地黄。阴干的，就是生地黄。种植很容易，根入土即生根。有一种说法：古时称种植地黄宜用黄土。现在不是这样，非常适宜在肥沃疏松的土地上种植，这样根大且多汁。方法是：用芦苇席编成圆形的如车轮状，直径一丈多，将壤土填实于苇席中做成坛，坛上再用苇席填土做成一级台阶，比下面的坛径小一尺。如此做数级，像佛塔一样。然后将地黄根节多的切成一寸长，种在坛上，层层填满，每天浇水，使其茂盛。到春分或秋分时，从上层采收，根都长大且不断折，不被损伤的缘故。得到根后晒干。熟干地黄品质最好，出自同州，光亮润泽且甘甜美味。南方不再认识这种好地黄。只是用生地黄草烟熏使其变干黑，洗去煤迹，仍然变白。现在的干制方法：取肥大的地黄三、二十斤，洗净，再拣去细根及根节瘦短者，也得二、三十斤，捣碎绞取汁液，投入银铜器中，放入肥地黄浸漉使药力透彻，放在饭上蒸三四次，不时浸漉转蒸完毕，又晒至汁液尽，其地黄应当光黑如漆，味甘如饴糖，必须收存在瓷器内，因为其脂柔喜欢湿润暴干。另外医家想辨别精粗，刚采得用水浸泡。浮在水面上的名为天黄，不堪使用；半沉的名为人黄，为次品；完全沉底的名为地黄，最佳。神仙方服食地黄，采取根，洗净，捣碎绞取汁液，煎至稍稠，加入白蜜再煎，使其可制成丸剂。早晨用酒送服三十丸如梧桐子大，每日三次。也可以加入青州枣肉同制为丸。又煎膏加入干根末制丸服用。又四月采集其果实，阴干，筛成粉末，用水送服钱匕量，其疗效都一样。它的花名叫地髓花。延年方中有单服两种方法。又是治疗跌打损伤和金创最重要的药物。《肘后方》：治疗四肢骨骨折破碎及筋伤错位，将生地黄烂捣熬热，包裹受伤处，用竹简编夹固定，紧紧捆绑不要让其转动，一天一夜，可以更换十次，就可以痊愈。崔元亮《海上方》：治疗各种心痛，无论新旧，只用生地黄一味，根据病人吃的食物多少，捣碎绞取汁液，和面做成冷淘面食，或者冷淘食用，过很久应当排出长约一尺左右的虫子，头像壁虎，之后就不再患病了。过去有人患此病，三年不愈，深以为恨，临终告诫家人，我死后，应当剖开去除病根，果然得到虫子，放置在竹节中，每次喂食，都喂给它，因为吃了地黄冷淘，也喂给它，随即坏烂，由此得到这个方子。刘禹锡《传信方》：也记载这件事说：贞元十年，通事舍人崔抗的女儿，患心痛几乎气绝，于是吃地黄冷淘，便吐出一个物体，大约一寸见方，像蛤蟆形状，没有眼睛、脚等，微似有口，大概是被这个物体所食，从此就痊愈了。吃冷淘不要加盐。
*Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata* (Shu Dihuang, 熟地黄), grows in the rivers and marshes of Xianyang; those from loess soil are superior. It is now found everywhere, with the best quality coming from Tongzhou. Leaves emerge in February, spreading along the ground, resembling *Plantaginis Semen* (Cheqiancao, 车前草). The leaves have wrinkles and are not smooth. Plants may grow up to over a chi (approx. 33 cm) or as low as three to four cun (approx. 10-13 cm). The flowers resemble those of *Brassica napus* (Youcaihua, 油菜花) and are reddish-purple, though yellow varieties exist. The fruit resembles that of *Forsythiae Fructus* (Lianqiao, 连翘), containing very fine seeds that are sandy-brown. The root resembles a human finger, is uniformly yellow, and varies in thickness and length. Roots are harvested in February and August, steamed for two to three days until soft, then dried in the sun to produce *Radix Rehmanniae Preparata* (Shu Dihuang, 熟地黄). Those dried in the shade are *Radix Rehmanniae Recens* (Sheng Dihuang, 生地黄). Cultivation is easy; roots take hold upon entering the soil. One theory states that ancient texts recommended loess soil for planting. This is no longer the case; it thrives best in fertile, loose soil, yielding larger and juicier roots. The method involves weaving reed mats into circular shapes like wheels, over one zhang (approx. 3.3 m) in diameter, filling them with soil to form a mound. Another level is built on top using reed mats and soil, reducing the diameter by one chi compared to the base. This is repeated for several levels, resembling a pagoda. Root sections with many nodes are cut into one-cun lengths and planted on the terraces, filling each layer. Water is applied daily to promote lush growth. At the Spring or Autumn Equinox, harvest from the upper layers. The roots grow large without breaking because they are undamaged. After harvesting, dry in the sun. Prepared *Radix Rehmanniae* is of the highest quality, originating from Tongzhou; it is lustrous, moist, sweet, and delicious. Such high-quality prepared root is unknown in the South. Instead, fresh *Radix Rehmanniae* herbs are smoked until black, then washed to remove soot, revealing the white interior. Current drying methods: Take 30-20 jin (approx. 15-10 kg) of fleshy *Radix Rehmanniae*, wash thoroughly, remove fine roots and short nodal sections, retaining 20-30 jin. Crush and press to extract juice, pour into silver or copper vessels, add fleshy *Radix Rehmanniae* slices, soak and filter repeatedly to ensure penetration. Steam over rice for three to four cycles, alternating soaking/filtering and steaming. Finally, dry until all juice evaporates. The resulting root should be glossy black like lacquer and sweet as maltose. Store in porcelain containers, as its oily texture prefers controlled humidity. To distinguish quality, newly harvested roots are soaked in water. Those floating are called *Tianhuang* (Heaven Yellow) and are unusable. Those half-sinking are *Renhuang* (Human Yellow) and are inferior. Those sinking completely are *Dihuang* (Earth Yellow) and are best. For immortal dietary regimens, harvest roots, wash, crush, and press for juice. Boil until slightly thick, add white honey, boil again until pillable. Take thirty pills the size of *Pharbitidis Semen* (Wutongzi, 梧桐子) with wine in the morning, three times daily. Pills can also be made with *Jujubae Fructus* (Qingzhou Zao, 青州枣) flesh. Alternatively, make an electuary with dried root powder. In April, harvest fruits, dry in shade, sieve into powder, and administer with water using a coin-sized measure (*Qianbi*, 钱匕); efficacy is equivalent. The flower is called *Disuihua* (Di Sui Flower). *Yannian Fang* records two single-herb methods. It is also a crucial herb for treating trauma and metal wounds. *Zhouhou Fang*: For fractured limbs, shattered bones, and dislocated tendons, crush fresh *Radix Rehmanniae*, heat it, wrap around the injury, secure with bamboo splints, bind tightly to prevent movement. Change once daily for a day and night, up to ten times, leading to recovery. Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang*: Treats all types of heart pain, new or old. Use only fresh *Radix Rehmanniae*. Amount depends on food intake. Crush, press for juice, mix with flour to make cold noodles (*Lengtiao*, 冷淘), or eat cold. After some time, worms approximately one chi long will be expelled, with heads resembling geckos, curing the disease permanently. A past patient suffered for three years, regretting deeply. On his deathbed, he instructed family to dissect him after death to remove the cause. They found a worm, kept it in a bamboo joint, fed it with every meal, including when he ate *Dihuang* cold noodles, causing it to rot. This led to the formula. Liu Yuxi's *Chuanxin Fang*: Records this event. In the 10th year of Zhenyuan, Cui Kang, a Commissioner of Palace Communications, had a daughter suffering from severe heart pain nearing death. She ate *Dihuang* cold noodles and vomited an object about one inch square, resembling a toad, without eyes or feet, but with a faint mouth-like opening. She was cured, having been afflicted by this creature. Do not add salt to cold noodles.