（一）注本草者，当先注病证。不然，病之未明，药于何有？从前作者罕明斯义，第
云某药入某经治某病而已。浅术视之，盖茫如也。唯李氏《纲目》裒集诸家，附着论说，间
及病源；《经疏》因之释药而兼释病，补前人之未备，作后学之指南。兹集祖述二书，更加
增订，药性病情，互相阐发，以便资用。若每处皆释，则重复烦琐，反生厌渎，故前后间见，
或因药论辨，读者汇观而统会之可也。
（一）药品主治，诸家析言者少，统言者多。如治痰之药，有治燥痰者，有治湿痰者，
诸书第以除痰概之；头痛之药，有治内伤头痛者，有治外感头痛者，诸书唯言治头痛而已。
此皆相反之证，未可混施。举此二端，其余可以类推矣！又每药之下，止言某病宜用，而不
言某病忌用，均属阙略。兹集并加详注，庶无贻误。
（一）每药先辨其气味形色，次着其所入经络，乃为发明其功用之中，不能逐款细注，
读者谅之。
（一）徐之才曰∶药有宣（上升下行曰宣）、通、补、泻、涩、滑、燥、湿（湿即润
也）、轻、重十种，是药之大体，而《本经》不言，后人未述。凡用药者审而详之，则靡所
遗失矣。今为分阐以冠于诸药之首（此十剂也。陶宏景加寒、热二剂，兹不俱述。然本集燥
剂，即陶氏之热剂，通剂乃徐氏之燥剂，而寒剂则多寓于泻剂也）。
（一）药品主治，已注明入某脏某腑者，则不更言入某经络，以重复无用也。
（一）药品稍近遐僻者，必详其地道形色。如习知习见之药，则不加详注。
（一）阴阳、升降、浮沉，已详于药性总义中，故每品之下，不加重注。
（一）主治要义及诸家名论用……病症用……药名汤头用……顶上十剂用……
（一）药内，间附古方，便人施用。如方药俱全者，则于方名加……如有方无药者，
则方名不用……
（一）药目次第，每药稍从其类，以便查阅。
（一）先哲名言，有言以人重者、有人以言重者，须当仍其名氏，庶乎后学知所禀承，
或者或非，有可裁断矣。奈何医集之中，率掠古人之言，混入已作，使读者苍黄莫辨，泾渭
难分，习俗移人，贤者不免。甚有合数人之言，砌掇成篇，首尾欠贯，词意多乖。以故医学
每鲜佳编，良深慨息。本集采用诸家，悉存原名，使可考据。间有删节数句者，以限于尺幅
也；有增改数句数字者，务畅其文义也。亦有录其言而未悉其名氏者，以藏书既寡，目力不
充，难于尽考也。或时附入鄙见，必加“昂按”二字，以听时贤之论定。其间旁搜远讨，义
图贯通，取要删繁，词归雅饬，庶几豁观者之心目云耳。
（一）是书篇章虽约，多有补《纲目》、《经疏》之所未备者，故曰备也。
（一）药有气味、形色、经络、主治、功用、禁忌数端，《药性歌赋》虽便记诵，然
限于字句，又须用韵，是以不能详括。兹集文无一定，药小者语简，药大者词繁，然皆各为
杼轴， 炼成章，使人可以诵读。
（一）《本草》一书，读之率欲睡欲卧，以每药之下，所注者不过脏腑、经络、甘酸
苦涩、寒热温平、升降浮沉、病候、主治而已。未尝阐发其理，使读之者有义味可咀嚼也。
即如《证类》诸本，采集颇广，又以众说繁芜，观者罔所折衷也。是编主治之理，务令详明，
取用之宜，期于确切。言畅意晰，字少义多，作者颇费匠心，读者幸毋忽视。
（一）是书之作，不专为医林而设。盖以疾 人所时有，脱或处僻小之区，遇庸劣之
手，脉候欠审，用药乖方，而无简便方书与之较证，鲜有不受其误者。是以特着此编，兼辑
《医方集解》一书相辅而行。篇章虽约，词旨详明，携带不难，简阅甚便。倘能人置一本，
附之箧笥，以备缓急，亦卫生之一助。有识之士，当不以愚言为狂谬也。
（一）昂自壮立之年，便弃制举，蹉跎世变，念着书作诗，无当人意，只堪复瓿，难
以垂远。然禽鹿视息，无所表见，窃用疚心，故疲精瘁神，着辑方书数种，以为有当于民生
日用之实。且集诸家大成，贯穿笺释，或可有功前贤，嘉惠来世。易世之后，倘有嗜吾书而
为重梓者，庶能传之久远，此区区立言之意也。
（一）是书之作，因阅过伯龄《围棋四子谱》而师其意。章围棋之谱，自唐宋至今，
千有余载。然必如伯龄之谱，有议论，有变换，而后围棋之妙显。本草自《本经》而下，不
啻数百千家，然率言其气味主治，而无义味可寻。必须为之字笺句释，明体辨用，而后药性
之功全。盖士生千载之后，贵能取前人之言，寸衡铢称，抉髓抡精，庶几有集成之益，无缺
略之讥也。故拙着《内经》、《本草》、《方解》、《汤头》数书，皆另为体裁，别开径路，以
发前贤未竟之旨，启后人便易之门。窃谓于医学颇有阐微廓清之力，读者倘能鉴别，斯不虚
老人之苦心焉耳！
（一）注释本草著作的人，应当首先注释病证。否则，如果病情不明确，药物又该应用于何处呢？以前的作者很少阐明这一道理，只是说某药进入某经、治疗某病罢了。从浅显的角度看，这显得茫然无措。只有李时珍的《本草纲目》汇集了各家学说，附载论述解说，间或涉及病因；《本草经疏》因此解释药物的同时兼释病证，弥补了前人的不足，成为后学者的指南。本集继承并阐述这两部书，加以增补修订，使药性与病情互相阐发，以便于实际应用。如果在每一处都进行解释，就会重复繁琐，反而引起读者的厌倦和轻慢，所以前后间或有见，或者因药论辨，读者汇总观察并融会贯通即可。
（一）关于药品的主治功能，各家分析得少，笼统概括的多。例如治疗痰的药物，有治疗燥痰的，有治疗湿痰的，各种书籍只用“除痰”来概括；治疗头痛的药物，有治疗内伤头痛的，有治疗外感头痛的，各种书籍只说治疗头痛而已。这些都是性质相反的证候，不可混淆施用。举这两个例子，其余的可以类推了！另外，每味药之下，只说某病适宜使用，而不说某病禁忌使用，都属于遗漏。本集一并加以详细注释，希望不要留下失误。
（一）每味药先辨别其气味、形状和颜色，其次注明其所入的经络，这才是发明其功用。其中不能逐条详细注释，请读者谅解。
（一）徐之才说：药物有宣（上升下行称为宣）、通、补、泻、涩、滑、燥、湿（湿即润的意思）、轻、重十种，这是药物的总体分类，而《神农本草经》没有提及，后人也没有阐述。凡是用药的人仔细审察并详细了解，就不会有所遗失了。现在为它们分别阐发以置于诸药之首（这就是所谓的“十剂”。陶弘景增加了寒、热两剂，这里不全部叙述。然而本集中的燥剂，就是陶氏的热剂；通剂乃是徐氏的燥剂；而寒剂则多包含在泻剂中）。
（一）药品主治功能，已经注明进入某脏某腑的，就不再说明进入某经络，以避免重复无用。
（一）产地较远或偏僻的药品，必须详细说明其地道产地、形状和颜色。如熟悉常见之药，则不加详细注释。
（一）阴阳、升降、浮沉，已在药性总义中详细说明，所以每味药之下，不再加重注。
（一）主治要义及诸家名言用……病症用……药名汤头用……顶上十剂用……
（一）药方中，间或附上古方，以便人们施用。如果方药俱全的，则在方名上加……如果有方无药的，则方名不用……
（一）药品目录的次序，每味药稍微依从其类别排列，以便于查阅。
（一）先哲的名言，有的因为人重要而流传，有的人因为言论重要而受重视，应当保留他们的姓名，以便后学者知道遵循，或许能有所裁断。奈何医集中，往往掠取古人的话，混杂在自己的作品中，使读者惊慌失措难以分辨，泾渭难分，习俗改变人，贤者也不能免。更有甚者，合并几个人的话，拼凑成篇，首尾不连贯，词意多有乖谬。因此医学书籍很少有佳作，令人深深叹息。本集采用诸家学说，都保存原名，以便考证。间或有删节几句的，是因为篇幅限制；有增改几句几字的，是为了使文义通畅。也有记录其言论而未完全标明姓名的，因为藏书既少，视力精力有限，难以尽行考证。有时附上我的见解，一定加上“昂按”二字，以等待当代贤达的评判。其间旁征博引，力求义理贯通，选取要点删除繁冗，言辞归于典雅整齐，希望能开阔读者的视野和心胸罢了。
（一）这本书篇章虽然简约，但有很多补充《纲目》、《经疏》所未完备的地方，所以叫“备”。
（一）药物有气味、形色、经络、主治、功用、禁忌几个方面，《药性歌赋》虽然便于记诵，但受限于字句，又必须押韵，因此不能详尽概括。本集文字没有固定格式，药性简单的语言简练，药性复杂的言辞繁复，但都是各自精心构思，锤炼成章，使人可以诵读。
（一）《本草》一书，读起来往往想睡觉想躺下，因为每味药之下，所注释的不过是脏腑、经络、甘酸苦涩、寒热温平、升降浮沉、病候、主治而已。未曾阐发其中的道理，使读者有意味可以咀嚼品味。就像《证类本草》各版本，采集相当广泛，但因为众说繁杂芜乱，观看者无所适从。本编对主治的道理，务必令其详细明确，取用的适宜之处，期望确切无误。言语畅达意思清晰，字数少含义多，作者颇费匠心，希望读者不要忽视。
（一）本书的编写，不专为医林中人而设。大概因为疾病是人时常遇到的，倘若身处偏僻小地方，遇到庸劣的医生，脉候审视不周，用药违背法度，而没有简便的方书与之对照验证，很少有人不受其误导的。因此特意编写此编，兼辑录《医方集解》一书相辅而行。篇章虽然简约，词旨详细明确，携带不难，简要翻阅很方便。如果能人手一本，放在箱柜里，以备紧急之用，也是养生保健的一个帮助。有见识的人士，应当不会认为我的话是狂妄荒谬吧。
（一）我汪昂自从壮年立下志向，便放弃科举考试，蹉跎于世事变迁之中，想着著书作诗，不符合人意，只堪用来盖酱坛子，难以流传久远。然而像禽鹿一样活着，没有什么表现，内心感到愧疚，所以耗费精神精力，编辑方书几种，以为对民生日常实用有所补益。并且汇集诸家大成，贯穿笺释，或许可以对得起前贤，嘉惠后世。改朝换代之后，倘若有人喜爱我的书而重新刻印，或许能流传久远，这是我立言的本意。
（一）本书的编写，是因为阅读过伯龄的《围棋四子谱》而借鉴其意趣。围棋的棋谱，自唐宋至今，有一千多年了。然而必须像伯龄的棋谱，有议论，有变换，然后围棋的妙处才显现出来。本草自《神农本草经》以下，不止数百家，然而大多只说其气味主治，而没有意味可以探寻。必须为之逐字笺注逐句解释，明辨体用，然后药物的功效才能全面展现。大概读书人生于千年之后，贵在能吸取前人的言论，寸量铢称，发掘精髓，选拔精华，或许能有集成的好处，没有缺略的讥讽。所以我拙作的《内经》、《本草》、《方解》、《汤头》几本书，都另创体裁，开辟新路，以发扬前贤未竟的宗旨，开启后人便捷的门户。我认为在医学方面颇有阐发精微廓清混乱的力量，读者如果能够鉴别，那就不辜负老人的一片苦心罢了！
(1) Those who annotate Materia Medica should first annotate diseases and syndromes. Otherwise, if the disease is not clear, to what purpose are the medicines? Previous authors rarely clarified this principle, merely stating that a certain herb enters a certain meridian to treat a certain disease. Viewed superficially, this appears vague and confused. Only Li Shizhen's *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica) collected various schools of thought, attached discussions, and occasionally touched upon the origin of diseases; *Jingshu* (Substantiation of the Classic of Materia Medica) thereby explained herbs while also explaining diseases, supplementing the deficiencies of predecessors and serving as a guide for later learners. This collection inherits and elaborates on these two books, adding revisions, so that herb properties and disease conditions elucidate each other, facilitating practical use. If explanations were provided at every instance, it would be repetitive and tedious, causing reader fatigue and disdain. Therefore, they appear intermittently throughout, or arguments are made based on specific herbs; readers can synthesize and integrate them by observing them collectively.
(2) Regarding the therapeutic indications of drugs, few authors analyze them in detail, while many generalize them. For example, regarding phlegm-resolving herbs, some treat dry-phlegm, others treat damp-phlegm, yet various texts simply summarize them as "resolving phlegm"; regarding headache-relieving herbs, some treat internal-injury headaches, others treat external-constraint headaches, yet texts merely state "treating headache." These are contradictory syndromes and must not be mixed indiscriminately. Taking these two examples, the rest can be inferred. Furthermore, under each herb, only suitable conditions are mentioned, while contraindications are omitted, which constitutes an omission. This collection adds detailed notes on both, hoping to prevent errors.
(3) For each herb, its flavor, shape, and color are distinguished first, followed by the meridians it enters, to clarify its functions. Detailed item-by-item annotation is not feasible within this scope; readers are asked to understand this.
(4) Xu Zhicai stated: Herbs have ten general categories: Xuan (ascending and descending), Tong (unblocking), Bu (tonifying), Xie (draining), Se (astringing), Hua (slippery), Zao (drying), Shi (moistening, i.e., lubricating), Qing (light), and Zhong (heavy). These represent the broad classification of herbs, yet *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) did not mention them, nor did later scholars elaborate. Users of herbs should examine and detail these carefully to avoid omissions. Now, I separately elaborate on these and place them at the beginning of all herbs (These are the "Ten Formulas" or *Shi Ji*. Tao Hongjing added Cold and Heat formulas, which are not fully listed here. However, the Drying formula in this collection corresponds to Tao's Heat formula; the Unblocking formula corresponds to Xu's Drying formula; and the Cold formula is largely contained within the Draining formula).
(5) If the therapeutic indication of an herb has already noted its entry into a specific Zang or Fu organ, it will not restate its entry into specific meridians to avoid redundancy.
(6) For herbs from remote or obscure regions, their authentic geographical origin, shape, and color must be detailed. Familiar and common herbs do not require such detailed notes.
(7) Yin-Yang, ascending-descending, and floating-sinking principles are detailed in the General Principles of Herb Properties; thus, no additional heavy annotations are added under each individual herb.
(8) [Formatting markers indicating sections for: Key therapeutic principles and famous quotes from various authors... Disease indications... Herb names and decoctions... The Ten Formulas at the top...]
(9) Ancient prescriptions are occasionally included among the herbs for ease of application. If a prescription includes both formula and ingredients, a marker is added to the formula name. If there is a formula but no ingredients, the formula name is marked differently.
(10) The order of the herb index follows categorical groupings slightly to facilitate consultation.
(11) Famous sayings of ancient sages are preserved with their authors' names, whether the person is remembered for their words or the words for the person, so that later learners know whom to follow and judgments can be made. Alas, in medical collections, ancient words are often snatched and mixed into one's own work, leaving readers bewildered and unable to distinguish truth from falsehood. Customs change people, and even the wise are not exempt. Worse still, statements from several people are pieced together into articles, lacking coherence and containing semantic inconsistencies. Thus, excellent medical compilations are rare, causing deep sighs. This collection preserves the original names of cited authorities for verification. Some sentences are deleted due to space constraints; some are added or modified for clarity. In cases where statements are recorded without full attribution, it is due to limited library resources and insufficient capacity for exhaustive research. Occasionally, my own opinions are appended with the phrase "Ang An" (Note by Ang), awaiting judgment by contemporary experts. Through extensive searching and distant inquiry, I aim for conceptual integration, selecting essentials and deleting redundancies, ensuring elegant language, hoping to broaden the minds and eyes of the readers.
(12) Although this book is concise, it supplements much that was incomplete in *Gangmu* and *Jingshu*, hence the title "Bei" (Prepared/Complete).
(13) Herbs involve flavor, shape, color, meridians, indications, functions, and contraindications. While *Yaoxing Gefu* (Song of Herb Properties) aids memorization, it is limited by character count and rhyme requirements, preventing comprehensive coverage. This collection uses flexible prose; simple herbs have brief descriptions, complex ones have elaborate text, but all are carefully crafted for recitation.
(14) Reading *Bencao* often induces sleep because annotations under each herb typically list only Zang-Fu organs, meridians, flavors (sweet, sour, bitter, acrid, salty), temperatures (cold, hot, warm, neutral), movements (ascending, descending, floating, sinking), symptoms, and indications. It rarely expounds on the underlying principles, offering little intellectual nourishment. Even *Zhenglei Bencao* versions, though widely collected, suffer from conflicting theories, leaving readers without a standard. This compilation strives to explain therapeutic principles clearly and ensure precise usage guidelines. With clear expression and concise meaning, requiring considerable effort from the author, readers are urged not to overlook it.
(15) This book is not designed solely for the medical community. Diseases occur frequently, and in remote areas, patients may encounter incompetent practitioners whose pulse diagnosis is inaccurate and prescriptions erroneous. Without convenient reference books for comparison, errors are inevitable. Therefore, this compilation was created alongside *Yifang Jijie* (Collection of Medical Prescriptions Explained). Though concise, the content is detailed and clear, easy to carry and read quickly. If everyone keeps a copy handy for emergencies, it serves as a valuable aid to health preservation. Enlightened individuals should not consider my words absurd.
(16) Since my youth, I abandoned the imperial examinations, drifting through changing times. I felt that writing poetry and books failed to please others, serving only to cover pots, unlikely to endure. Yet, living like a beast without contribution, I felt guilty. Thus, exhausting my spirit and energy, I compiled several medical books to benefit daily life. By synthesizing the achievements of various schools and annotating them comprehensively, I hope to honor predecessors and benefit future generations. After my time, if someone loves these books enough to reprint them, they may last long. This is my humble intention in writing.
(17) The structure of this book was inspired by Bo Ling's *Go Four-Stone Spectrum*. Go manuals have existed since Tang and Song dynasties, over a millennium. However, only like Bo Ling's manual, with analysis and variation, does the subtlety of Go reveal itself. Since *Shennong Bencao Jing*, hundreds of families have written on Materia Medica, yet mostly listing flavors and indications without deeper meaning. It requires word-by-word annotation and sentence-by-sentence explanation, clarifying essence and function, to fully realize herbal efficacy. Scholars born millennia later should excel at evaluating predecessors' words, measuring them precisely, extracting marrow and selecting essence, achieving integration without falling into criticism of omission. Therefore, my works on *Neijing*, *Bencao*, *Fangjie*, and *Tangtou* adopt new formats and paths to unveil unfulfilled intentions of past sages and open doors for later learners. I believe they contribute significantly to clarifying medical mysteries. If readers can discern this, they will not have wasted the old man's painstaking efforts!