宣，通窍
辛温香窜。开经络，通诸窍，透肌骨，暖水脏。治卒中诸风、诸气、诸血、诸痛，痰厥
惊痫（严用和云∶中风不醒者，以麝香清油灌之，先通其关。东垣曰∶风病在骨髓者宜之。
若在肌肉用之，反引风入骨，如油入面。时珍曰∶严氏言风病必先用，东垣谓必不可用，皆
非通论。若经络壅闭，孔窍不利者，安得不用为引导以开通之耶！但不可过耳。昂按∶据李
氏之言，似乃以严说为长。《广利方》中恶客忤垂死，麝香一钱，醋和灌之），症瘕瘴疟，
鼻窒耳聋，目翳阴冷。辟邪解毒，杀虫堕胎。坏果败酒，故治果积、酒积（东垣曰∶麝香入
脾治肉，牛黄入肝治筋，冰片入肾治骨）。研用。凡使麝香，用当门子尤妙。忌蒜。不可近
鼻，防虫入脑（麝见人捕之，则自剔出其香，为生香尤难得。其香聚处，草木皆黄。市人或
搀荔枝核伪之）。
泻热
苦寒。凉心平肝，明目杀虫。治惊痫五痔（涂之取瘥）。通明者佳。性善辟尘。扑尘水
上，投胆少许，则豁然而开。
外用，敛金疮
象肉壅肿，以刀刺之，半日即合。治金疮不合者，用其皮灰，亦可以熬膏入散。
象胆亦能辟尘，与熊胆同功。
补肝肾，杀传尸
甘咸而温。益阴补虚，杀虫止嗽，治传尸鬼疰有神功（尸疰、鬼疰乃五疰之一，变动有
三十三种，乃至九十九种。其症使人寒热，沉沉默默，不知病之所苦，而无处不恶，死后传
入，乃至灭门。古方有獭肝丸。獭肝烘干，炙为末。水服二钱，日三次，以瘥为度）。诸肝
皆有叶数，惟獭肝一月一叶，其间又有退叶，须于獭身取下，不尔多伪（吴鹤皋曰∶獭阴物
，昼伏夜出，故治鬼疰。昂谓∶不然，缘其肝独异于他兽也）。
宣通，开通孔窍。
气味辛、温，香气浓烈且走窜。能疏通经络，通达全身孔窍，透达肌肉与骨骼，温暖下焦水脏（肾）。治疗中风猝倒、各种气机逆乱、各种血证、各种疼痛，以及痰厥、惊痫。（严用和说：中风昏迷不醒的，用麝香配清油灌服，先打通其闭塞的关窍。李东垣说：风病在骨髓层面的适合使用麝香。如果在肌肉层面使用，反而会将风邪引入骨中，就像油渗入面里一样。李时珍说：严氏主张风病必须先用麝香，东垣认为绝对不可用，这两种观点都不是全面的论述。如果经络壅塞闭阻，孔窍不通利的，怎么能不用麝香作为引导来开通它呢！只是不可过量罢了。汪昂按语：根据李东垣的说法，似乎以严用和的观点更为恰当。《广利方》记载治疗中恶客忤、濒临死亡的情况，用麝香一钱，醋调和后灌服。）治疗症瘕积聚、瘴气疟疾，鼻塞耳聋，目生翳膜、阴部寒冷。辟除邪气，解除毒素，杀虫，堕胎。因能化解腐败的水果和变质的酒，所以治疗果积、酒积（李东垣说：麝香入脾经治疗肌肉疾病，牛黄入肝经治疗筋脉疾病，冰片入肾经治疗骨骼疾病）。研末内服。凡是使用麝香，以取“当门子”（麝香腺开口处的优质部分）为最好。忌食大蒜。不可靠近鼻孔，防止虫类进入脑部（麝鹿被人捕捉时，会自行剔出体内的香囊，这种生香尤为难得。麝香聚集的地方，草木都会枯黄。市场上有人掺入荔枝核来伪造）。
泻热。
气味苦、寒。清凉心火，平抑肝阳，明目，杀虫。治疗惊痫、五痔（外涂患处可治愈）。以质地透明纯净者为佳。本性善于驱避灰尘。将麝香扑洒在水面上，投入少许胆汁，水面上的薄膜就会豁然分开。
外用，收敛金疮。
象皮肿胀，用刀刺破，半天即可愈合。治疗金疮（刀箭创伤）久不合口者，用象皮烧成的灰，也可以熬制成膏剂加入散剂中使用。象胆也能驱避灰尘，功效与熊胆相同。
补益肝肾，杀灭传尸疰病。
气味甘、咸，性温。滋养阴液，补益虚损，杀虫止咳，治疗传尸鬼疰有神奇功效（尸疰、鬼疰是五疰中的一种，病情变化有三十三种，甚至多达九十九种。其症状使人忽冷忽热，神情抑郁沉默，不知病痛所在，但全身各处都感到不适，死后传染他人，甚至导致全家灭门。古方中有獭肝丸。将獭肝烘干，炙烤后研成粉末。用水送服二钱，每日三次，以痊愈为度）。各种动物的肝脏都有固定的叶数，只有獭的肝脏一个月长出一叶，其中还有退化的旧叶，必须从活獭身上取下，否则市面上有很多伪品（吴鹤皋说：獭是阴物，白天潜伏夜间活动，所以能治疗鬼疰。汪昂认为不对，是因为它的肝脏唯独与其他野兽不同）。
Dispersing and Unblocking, Opening Orifices.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, aromatic and penetrating. It unblocks the meridians, opens all orifices, penetrates muscles and bones, and warms the Water Organ (Kidney). It treats sudden stroke from various wind pathogens, various qi disorders, various blood disorders, various pains, phlegm-jue (syncope due to phlegm), and jing-xian (convulsions and epilepsy). Yan Yonghe stated: For stroke patients who are unconscious, administer musk mixed with clear sesame oil to first open the blocked orifices. Li Dongyuan stated: This is suitable for wind diseases located in the bone marrow. If used in the muscles, it will instead draw the wind pathogen into the bones, like oil entering dough. Li Shizhen stated: Yan’s assertion that wind diseases must be treated with this first, and Dongyuan’s claim that it must never be used, are both not comprehensive theories. If the meridians are congested and blocked, and the orifices are not smooth, how can one refrain from using it as a guide to open them! However, it must not be overused. Wang Ang notes: Based on Li’s words, it seems Yan’s view is superior. The *Guangli Fang* records treating "Zhong E Ke Wu" (sudden severe illness due to evil qi) near death by administering one qian of musk mixed with vinegar. It treats zheng-jia (masses and accumulations), miasma malaria, nasal obstruction, deafness, eye nebulae, and coldness of the yin organs. It repels evil qi, detoxifies, kills parasites, and induces abortion. Because it resolves rotten fruits and spoiled wine, it treats fruit accumulation and wine accumulation. Li Dongyuan stated: Musk enters the Spleen to treat flesh disorders; Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) enters the Liver to treat tendon disorders; Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) enters the Kidney to treat bone disorders. It should be ground and taken internally. When using musk, the "Dangmenzi" (the high-quality part around the gland opening) is especially excellent. Garlic is contraindicated. Do not let it approach the nose to prevent insects from entering the brain (When hunted, musk deer self-extract their scent glands; this raw musk is particularly rare. Where the scent gathers, grass and trees turn yellow. Market vendors sometimes adulterate it with lychee seeds).
Draining Heat.
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Cools the Heart, calms the Liver, brightens the eyes, and kills parasites. It treats jing-xian (convulsions and epilepsy) and the five types of hemorrhoids (apply topically to cure). Transparent and pure quality is preferred. Its nature naturally repels dust. When sprinkled on water, adding a small amount of gallbladder bile causes the surface film to part instantly.
External Use, Astringing Metal Wounds.
Elephant skin swelling: if pricked with a knife, it heals within half a day. To treat metal wounds (traumatic injuries) that do not heal, use the ash of elephant skin, or it can be boiled into an ointment and added to powders. Elephant gall also repels dust and has the same function as Xiongdan (Ursi Fel).
Tonifying Liver and Kidney, Killing Transmitted Corpse Disease.
Sweet and salty in flavor, warm in nature. Nourishes Yin, tonifies deficiency, kills parasites, stops coughing, and treats Chuan Shi Gui Zhu (transmitted corpse disease) with miraculous efficacy. (Shi Zhu and Gui Zhu are types of the Five Zhu diseases, with thirty-three variations, up to ninety-nine. Symptoms cause chills and fever, lethargy and silence, unknown source of pain, yet discomfort everywhere. After death, it transmits to others, potentially wiping out a family. Ancient formulas include Tagan Wan. Dry the liver, roast, and powder. Take two qian with water, three times daily, until cured.) All animal livers have a fixed number of lobes, but the otter’s liver grows one lobe per month, including regressing old lobes, which must be taken from the living otter; otherwise, there are many fakes in the market. Wu Hegao stated: Otters are yin creatures, hiding by day and active by night, thus they treat ghost-related diseases. Wang Ang argues this is incorrect; it is because its liver is uniquely different from other beasts.