〔害〕《延寿书》云∶猪临宰绝气归肝，不可多食，必伤人，饵药人不可食。合鱼 食，
生
痈疽，合鲤鱼肠子食，伤人神。
〔利〕苦入肝，诸药中用为向导，泻肝明目。治小儿惊痫，打击青肿，炙贴。作膳常食，
有
损无益。
〔修治〕用时以竹刀切片。
一名鲮鱼
〔害〕性猛善窜，用宜斟酌。痈疽已溃，痘疮挟虚，元气不足，不能起者，不宜用。
〔利〕咸寒有毒，专能行散，通经络，达病所，入肝胃二经。治风湿冷痹，通经下乳，
消肿
溃痈，为外科要药。
〔修治〕深山大谷皆有，如龟而小，如鲤有足尾，甲力更胜。或生用，或酥炙、醋炙、
童便
炙、油煎、土炒、蛤粉炒，当各随本方制用。
〔害〕其性行而不住，失血后，崩漏家及孕妇，并忌之。
〔利〕甘苦平，入阳明冲任之经，走血分，通血脉，利便通经，催生下乳汁，止金疮痈
疡疔
毒。
〔修治〕花如铃铎，实如灯笼，子壳五棱，取苗子蒸，浆水浸，焙用。
〔害〕苦寒，大损胃气，无实火者忌之。虽能除实热，泄肝胆，然胃虚血少者，不可轻
试。
凡病脾胃两虚，虚而有热者，皆忌服。亦勿空腹服，令人溺不禁，以其泄太甚故也。
〔利〕大苦大寒，沉阴下行，入肝胆而泻火，兼入膀胱肾经，除下焦湿热，能明目。柴
胡为
主，龙胆为使，目疾要药。若目疾初起，宜发散，忌用寒凉；治小儿客忤惊疳，忌地黄。赤
小豆，贯众为使。
〔修治〕二、八月，十二月，采得阴干，甘草汤浸一宿，漉出曝干用，或酒浸炒。
【危害】《延寿书》说：猪在临死前最后一口气归于肝脏，不可多吃，必定伤害人体，服用药物的人更不应食用。与鱼肉同食，会生痈疽；与鲤鱼肠子同食，损伤人的精神。
【功效】苦味入肝，在各种药物中作为引经药（向导），能泻肝火、明目。治疗小儿惊痫，以及跌打损伤引起的青肿，可炙烤后贴敷。作为菜肴经常食用，只有损害没有益处。
【炮制】使用时用竹刀切片。
一名鲮鱼
【危害】药性猛烈且善于走窜，使用应当斟酌。对于痈疽已经溃破、痘疮兼有虚证、元气不足无法恢复的情况，不宜使用。
【功效】味咸性寒且有微毒，专门能够行气散结，疏通经络，直达病所，归入肝、胃二经。治疗风湿冷痹，通经络、下乳汁，消肿、使痈脓溃破，是外科的重要药物。
【炮制】深山深谷都有生长，形状像龟但较小，像鲤鱼但有足和尾，甲壳的力量更强。可以生用，也可以用酥炙、醋炙、童便炙、油煎、土炒、蛤粉炒，应当各自根据处方要求炮制后使用。
【危害】其药性运行而不留滞，失血之后、崩漏患者以及孕妇，都忌用。
【功效】味甘、苦，性平，归入阳明、冲脉、任脉之经，行走于血分，通畅血脉，利小便、通经，催生胎儿、下乳汁，停止金创、痈疡、疔毒。
【炮制】花朵像铃铎，果实像灯笼，种子外壳有五棱。取幼苗和种子蒸制，用浆水浸泡，焙干后使用。
【危害】味苦性寒，严重损伤胃气，没有实火者忌用。虽然能清除实热，泄肝胆之火，但是胃虚血少的人，不可以轻易尝试。凡是脾胃两虚，虚而有热的病症，都忌服。也不要空腹服用，令人小便失禁，因为它的泻下作用太强烈的缘故。
【功效】大苦大寒，性质沉阴下行，归入肝胆而泻火，同时归入膀胱、肾经，清除下焦湿热，能明目。以柴胡为主药，龙胆草为使药，是治疗眼疾的要药。如果眼疾初起，宜用发散法，忌用寒凉药；治疗小儿客忤惊疳，忌用地黄。赤小豆、贯众为使药。
【炮制】二月、八月、十二月采集，阴干，用甘草汤浸泡一夜，捞出晒干后使用，或者酒浸炒。
[Harm] The *Yanshu* (Book of Longevity) states: When a pig is slaughtered, its last breath returns to the liver. It should not be eaten in excess, as it will surely harm the human body; those taking medicinal herbs should not consume it. Eating it together with fish meat causes carbuncles and ulcers; eating it together with carp intestines damages the spirit.
[Benefits] Bitter flavor enters the Liver channel. In various prescriptions, it serves as a guiding herb (Dao-yao), draining Liver fire and improving vision. It treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, as well as bruising from trauma, which can be treated by roasting and applying externally. Consuming it regularly as food causes damage without benefit.
[Processing] Slice with a bamboo knife when used.
Also known as Lingyu
[Harm] Its nature is fierce and good at penetrating/circulating; its use requires careful consideration. It is not suitable for cases where carbuncles and ulcers have already ulcerated, measles/rubella accompanied by deficiency, or insufficient Yuan Qi that cannot recover.
[Benefits] Salty and cold, slightly toxic. It specializes in moving and dispersing, unblocking meridians, reaching the site of disease, and entering the Liver and Stomach channels. It treats wind-dampness cold bi syndrome, unblocks meridians, promotes lactation, reduces swelling, and suppurates carbuncles. It is an important herb for external medicine.
[Processing] Grows in deep mountains and valleys. It resembles a turtle but is smaller, resembles a carp but has feet and a tail, and its shell strength is superior. It can be used raw, or processed with butter (Su), vinegar, child's urine, oil frying, earth stir-frying, or clam powder stir-frying. It should be prepared according to specific prescriptions.
[Harm] Its nature moves but does not stay. It is contraindicated after blood loss, in patients with metrorrhagia/metrostaxis, and in pregnant women.
[Benefits] Sweet and bitter, neutral in nature. Enters the Yangming, Chong Mai, and Ren Mai channels. It travels through the Blood level, unblocks blood vessels, promotes urination, unblocks menstruation, induces labor, promotes lactation, and stops bleeding from traumatic injuries, carbuncles, sores, and carbuncle toxins.
[Processing] Flowers resemble bells, fruits resemble lanterns, and seed shells have five ridges. Take the seedlings and seeds, steam them, soak in fermented rice water, and bake for use.
[Harm] Bitter and cold, severely damaging to Stomach Qi. Contraindicated in those without Excess Fire. Although it can clear Excess Heat and drain the Liver and Gallbladder, it should not be lightly tried by those with Stomach deficiency and Blood insufficiency. All conditions involving dual deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach, with deficiency-heat, are contraindicated. Do not take on an empty stomach, as it causes urinary incontinence due to its excessive purgative effect.
[Benefits] Greatly bitter and greatly cold, sinking and Yin in nature, moving downward. Enters the Liver and Gallbladder to drain fire, and also enters the Bladder and Kidney channels. Clears damp-heat in the Lower Jiao and improves vision. With Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) as the Sovereign herb and Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix) as the Minister herb, it is a key remedy for eye diseases. If eye disease is in its initial stage, dispersion is appropriate; cold-natured herbs are contraindicated. For treating pediatric Ke Wu (fright/sudden illness) and malnutrition with heat, Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) is contraindicated. Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean) and Guan Zhong (Cyathulae Rhizoma) serve as Assistant/Envoy herbs.
[Processing] Harvested in February, August, and December. Dried in the shade. Soaked in Licorice Decoction overnight, drained, sun-dried for use, or soaked in wine and stir-fried.