〔害〕惟有毒，善走窜。凡小儿慢惊风，口噤不语，大人温疟，非烟瘴气所发，心腹积
聚，
非虫结蛇瘕，便毒成脓将溃，咸忌用之。畏蜘蛛、蜒蚰、鸡矢、桑皮、戎盐。
〔利〕辛温，入肝经，善走能散。治脐风撮口、惊痫、瘰 、去风杀虫，堕胎，疮疥蛇
症，
瘴疟。
〔修治〕七八月采，取赤足黑头者，火炙，去头足尾甲，将薄荷叶火煨用。
〔害〕有毒，此乃风药。凡似中风，及小儿慢脾风，病属于虚者，法咸禁之。
〔利〕甘辛，色青属木，故治诸风眩晕、惊痫搐掣、口眼 斜、疟疾、风疮、耳聋、带
疝、
厥阴风木之病。
〔修治〕采无时，青州形紧小者良，全用，谓之全蝎。去足焙尾，名蝎稍。其力尤紧。
一名马蟥
〔害〕有毒，破瘀血之药尽多，奚必用此难制之物，戒之可耳。用时，须 烟出。畏石
灰白
盐。
〔利〕咸苦平，治恶血积聚，能通经堕胎。赤白丹肿，瘰 结核，肿毒初起，入竹筒中，
令
咂病处有功。
〔修治〕五六月采，以水中马蟥啮人，腹中有血者，曝干为佳。当展其身令长，腹中有
子者
去之。性最难死，虽以火炙经年，得水犹活。必炒枯黄入药，诸小者不堪用。
〔害〕有毒，专啖牛马之血，逐瘀甚疾。伤寒发黄，脉沉细，少腹 ，如小便不利者，
为无
血也。症非蓄血不宜用。若瘀未结者，尤不宜用也。女子月水不通，由于脾胃薄弱，肝血枯
竭，而非血结闭塞者，不宜用，孕妇腹中有瘕聚，不宜用。凡病气血虚甚者，形质瘦损，非
气足之人，实有蓄血者，勿可妄投。恶麻黄。
〔利〕苦寒，攻血，遍行经络，堕胎只在须臾。色青入肝，泻血破瘀。
〔修治〕五月蜚虫啖马牛血者，伺其腹满，掩取干之，去翅足，炒熟用。
【危害】只有毒性，善于走窜通行。凡是小儿慢惊风、牙关紧闭不能说话，大人温疟（一种疟疾），并非由烟瘴之气引发的，心腹部的积聚肿块，并非由虫结或蛇瘕引起的，以及便毒化脓即将溃破的情况，都应当忌用。它畏惧蜘蛛、蜒蚰（蜗牛）、鸡矢（鸡粪）、桑皮和戎盐。
【功效】味辛性温，入肝经，善于走散。治疗脐风撮口（新生儿破伤风）、惊痫、瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）、祛风杀虫、堕胎，以及疮疥、蛇咬伤、瘴疟。
【炮制】在七八月采集，选取红足黑头的，用火烤炙，去掉头、足、尾甲，用薄荷叶包裹火煨后使用。
【危害】有毒，这属于风药。凡是类似中风的病症，以及小儿慢脾风，病机属于虚证的，按照法则都禁止使用。
【功效】味甘辛，色青属木，所以治疗各种风邪引起的眩晕、惊痫抽搐、口眼歪斜、疟疾、风疮、耳聋、带下疝气，以及厥阴风木相关的疾病。
【炮制】采集没有固定时间，以青州产形紧小的为好，全虫使用，称为全蝎。去掉足并焙干尾部，称为蝎稍。其药力尤为强劲。
一名马蟥
【危害】有毒，破除瘀血的药物很多，何必一定要用这种难以炮制的东西，告诫人们谨慎使用即可。使用时，必须让烟气冒出。它畏惧石灰和白盐。
【功效】味咸苦性平，治疗恶血积聚，能通经堕胎。对于赤白丹肿、瘰疬结核、肿毒初起，将其放入竹筒中，令其吸吮患处有效。
【炮制】在五六月采集，以在水中马蟥叮咬人、腹中有血的为佳，晒干最好。应当将其身体展长，如果腹中有子（卵）的要去掉。它的生命力最难死灭，即使用火烤炙经过一年，遇到水仍然存活。必须炒至枯黄才能入药，那些小的不堪使用。
【危害】有毒，专门吸食牛马的血，逐瘀速度很快。伤寒发黄，脉象沉细，少腹部胀满，像小便不利一样，这是无血的表现。症状如果不是蓄血证就不宜使用。如果瘀血尚未凝结的，尤其不宜使用。女子月经不通，如果是由于脾胃薄弱、肝血枯竭，而不是血结闭塞引起的，不宜使用；孕妇腹中有癥瘕积聚的，不宜使用。凡是气血虚弱严重的，形体消瘦亏损，不是元气充足的人，确实有蓄血证的，不要妄加投药。它厌恶麻黄。
【功效】味苦寒，攻逐瘀血，遍行经络，堕胎只在顷刻之间。色青入肝，泻血破瘀。
【炮制】五月飞虫吸食马牛血的，等到其腹部饱满时，捕捉后晒干，去掉翅足，炒熟使用。
[Harm] It is toxic and has a strong penetrating and moving nature. It is contraindicated in cases of infantile slow convulsion with clenched jaws and inability to speak, adult warm malaria (a type of malaria) not caused by miasma, abdominal accumulations not caused by worm knots or snake masses, and sores in the perineal area that have suppurated and are about to ulcerate. It is incompatible with spiders, slugs, chicken droppings, mulberry bark, and rock salt.
[Benefits] Pungent and warm, enters the Liver meridian, and is good at dispersing and moving. It treats neonatal tetanus (umbilical wind with mouth contraction), convulsions and epilepsy, scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis), expels wind and kills parasites, induces abortion, and treats skin sores, snake bites, and malarial fevers.
[Processing] Collected in the seventh and eighth lunar months, select those with red legs and black heads. Roast over fire, remove the head, legs, tail, and exoskeleton, then bake using mint leaves wrapped around them.
[Harm] It is toxic and belongs to wind-dispelling herbs. It is strictly contraindicated for conditions resembling stroke and infantile slow spleen wind where the pathology is deficiency-based.
[Benefits] Sweet and pungent, its green color corresponds to Wood. Therefore, it treats various wind-induced dizziness, convulsions and spasms, facial paralysis (deviation of mouth and eyes), malaria, wind sores, deafness, leukorrhea and hernia, and diseases related to Jueyin Wind-Wood.
[Processing] There is no fixed time for collection; specimens from Qingzhou that are tight and small are considered superior. The whole insect is used, called Quanxie (Whole Scorpion). Removing the legs and baking the tail produces Xieshao (Scorpion Tail), which has particularly potent effects.
Also known as Ma Huang (Leech)
[Harm] It is toxic. Since there are many drugs that break blood stasis, there is no need to use this difficult-to-process substance; caution is advised. When used, smoke must be generated during processing. It is incompatible with lime and white salt.
[Benefits] Salty, bitter, and neutral in nature. It treats malignant blood accumulations, promotes menstruation, and induces abortion. For erysipelas (red and white swelling), scrofula and tubercles, and early-stage swellings and toxins, placing it in a bamboo tube to suck the affected area is effective.
[Processing] Collected in the fifth and sixth lunar months. Leeches from water that have bitten humans and have blood in their abdomen are best, dried in the sun. Stretch the body to its full length; if it contains eggs (offspring), remove them. Its vitality is extremely hard to extinguish; even after roasting over fire for a year, it may revive upon contact with water. It must be stir-fried until dark yellow before being used in medicine; smaller ones are unsuitable.
[Harm] It is toxic and feeds exclusively on the blood of cattle and horses, removing blood stasis very rapidly. In Shanghan (Cold Damage) presenting with jaundice, deep and fine pulse, and lower abdominal fullness resembling difficulty in urination, this indicates a lack of blood rather than stasis. It should not be used unless there is confirmed blood accumulation. If the stasis has not yet coagulated, it is especially inappropriate. For women with amenorrhea due to weak Spleen and Stomach and exhausted Liver blood, rather than blood obstruction, it is not suitable. Pregnant women with abdominal masses should not use it. Those with severe Qi and Blood deficiency, emaciated physique, and not possessing robust Qi, even if they have blood stasis, should not be prescribed this herb recklessly. It is antagonistic to Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang).
[Benefits] Bitter and cold, it attacks blood, circulates through all meridians, and induces abortion almost instantly. Its green color enters the Liver, draining blood and breaking stasis.
[Processing] Collect flying insects in May that have fed on the blood of horses and cattle. Wait until their abdomens are full, capture them, and dry them. Remove wings and legs, and stir-fry until cooked before use.