〔害〕有积消积，无积消人元气，堕胎。
〔利〕甘咸温，入脾胃二经。熟腐五谷，消导而无停；营运三焦，宣通而不滞。快脾宽
肠，
和中下气，散结祛痰，尤善通乳，亦催生而坠胎。
〔修治〕今以大麦发芽，炒焦用。古方麦芽，实 麦为芽耳。
〔害〕性能克伐，化饮食，若胃家无食积，及脾虚不能运化，不思食者服之，反致克伐
脾胃
生发之气，令人嘈烦易饥。如脾胃虚，兼有积滞者，当以补气药同施，亦不宜过用也。《物
类相感志》云∶煮老鸡硬肉，入山查数颗即易烂，其消食克伐之力，则愈彰矣。凡服人参不
相宜者，服山查即解。一补气，一破气也。又能损齿，齿龋人尤不宜也。
〔利〕酸甘微温，入脾胃二经。健脾行气，消食磨积，化痰散瘀，善去肉食腥膻油腻之
积，
与麦芽之消谷积者不同。佐以茴香治疝气，砂糖调服，治儿枕痛，发小儿痘疹，行乳食停留
，炒成炭，则健脾消食之功良，而酸收之性减。
〔修治〕九月霜降后，取熟者去核，晒干炒用。
〔害〕泄肺走大肠，而能损至高之气，肺气虚弱者忌之。脾胃虚，中宫不运，而痰壅喘
急者
忌之。咳嗽不因于风寒入肺而气壅者服之，反能增剧。咳嗽由阴虚火炎者服之，立致危殆。
〔利〕苦微寒，入肺、脾、胃、肝、大肠五经，破至高之气，除咳逆停痰，助传导之官，
消
水留胀满，兼能清膀胱，枳实性急，枳壳性缓，俱可磨汁用，而力更迅。
〔修治〕去瓤切片，麸皮炒用。
【麦芽】
【危害】若有积滞则能消除积滞，若无积滞则会损耗人体元气，导致堕胎。
【功效】味甘、咸，性温，归脾、胃二经。能使五谷熟腐，消食导滞而无停滞；运行三焦，宣通经络而不郁滞。能快意健脾、宽肠，调和脾胃、降气，散结祛痰，尤其善于通乳，也能催生和堕胎。
【炮制】现今多用大麦发芽后，炒至焦黄使用。古方中的“麦芽”，实际上是小麦发出的芽。
【山楂】
【危害】药性具有克伐（削弱）作用，能消化饮食。如果胃中没有食积，以及脾虚不能运化、不思饮食者服用，反而会克伐脾胃的生发之气，令人心中嘈杂烦闷、容易饥饿。如脾胃虚弱，兼有积滞者，应当与补气药同用，也不宜过量使用。《物类相感志》记载：煮老鸡硬肉时，放入几颗山楂即易烂，其消食克伐之力，就更加显著了。凡是服用的人参不相适宜者，服用山楂即可解除（人参的壅补之弊）。一为补气，一为破气。又能损伤牙齿，龋齿患者尤其不宜服用。
【功效】味酸、甘，微温，归脾、胃二经。能健脾行气，消食磨积，化痰散瘀，善于去除肉食腥膻油腻之积，这与麦芽消除谷物积滞不同。佐以茴香可治疗疝气，用砂糖调服可治疗儿枕痛（产后腹痛），促进小儿痘疹发出，通行乳食停留。炒成炭后，健脾消食的功效良好，而酸收的性质减弱。
【炮制】九月霜降后，取成熟的山楂去核，晒干后炒用。
【枳壳】
【危害】泄肺气，走大肠，会损伤至高之气，肺气虚弱者忌用。脾胃虚弱，中焦不运，痰多气喘急促者忌用。咳嗽并非因风寒入肺所致而是气机壅滞者服用，反而会使病情加重。咳嗽由阴虚火炎引起者服用，立即会导致危险。
【功效】味苦，微寒，归肺、脾、胃、肝、大肠五经。能破至高之气，消除咳逆停痰，辅助传导之官（大肠），消除水饮停留引起的胀满，兼能清利膀胱。枳实药性急，枳壳药性缓，均可磨汁使用，且效力更迅速。
【炮制】去掉瓤，切片，用麸皮炒用。
[Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus)]
[Harm] If there is food stagnation, it can eliminate the stagnation; if there is no stagnation, it consumes the body's Yuan Qi (Primordial Vital Energy), leading to abortion.
[Benefit] Sweet, salty, and warm in nature, entering the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It cooks and decomposes the five grains, aiding digestion without causing retention; it circulates through the San Jiao (Triple Burner), promoting free flow without obstruction. It benefits the Spleen and relaxes the Intestines, harmonizes the Middle Jiao and directs Qi downward, dissipates nodules and dispels phlegm. It is especially good at promoting lactation, and can also induce labor and cause abortion.
[Preparation] Currently, barley sprouts are used after being stir-fried until scorched. In ancient prescriptions, "Mai Ya" actually referred to the sprouts of Wheat (Tritici Venenatis Fructus Germinatus).
[Shan Zha (Crataegi Fructus)]
[Harm] Its property has a suppressing effect and aids in digesting food. If there is no food accumulation in the Stomach, or if the Spleen is deficient and unable to transform and transport, leading to anorexia, taking it will instead suppress the generating Qi of the Spleen and Stomach, causing heartburn, irritability, and easy hunger. If the Spleen and Stomach are deficient with concurrent stagnation, it should be administered together with Qi-tonifying herbs, but excessive use is still not advisable. *Wulei Xianggan Zhi* states: When boiling tough old chicken meat, adding a few pieces of Shan Zha makes it tender easily, demonstrating its potent food-digesting and suppressing power. Those who cannot tolerate Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) will find relief with Shan Zha. One tonifies Qi, the other breaks Qi. It can also damage teeth, making it particularly unsuitable for those with dental caries.
[Benefit] Sour, sweet, and slightly warm in nature, entering the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It strengthens the Spleen, promotes Qi movement, digests food and grinds away stagnation, transforms phlegm and disperses blood stasis. It is excellent at removing accumulations of greasy, fatty, and gamey meat foods, which differs from Mai Ya's ability to digest grain accumulations. Combined with Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus), it treats hernia; taken with brown sugar, it treats postpartum abdominal pain (Erzhen Tong); it promotes the eruption of childhood smallpox/rash; it moves milk and food stagnation. When charred into carbon, its function of strengthening the Spleen and digesting food is effective, while its sour-astringent nature is reduced.
[Preparation] After the Frost Descent solar term in September, take ripe fruits, remove the cores, dry them in the sun, and stir-fry before use.
[Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus)]
[Harm] It drains Lung Qi and moves into the Large Intestine, damaging the Qi of the highest position. It is contraindicated for those with weak Lung Qi. It is contraindicated for those with Spleen and Stomach deficiency, failure of the Middle Jiao to transport, and phlegm congestion with panting and urgency. For coughs not caused by Wind-Cold invading the Lung but by Qi stagnation, taking it may aggravate the condition. For coughs caused by Yin deficiency with flaming fire, taking it can immediately lead to critical danger.
[Benefit] Bitter and slightly cold in nature, entering the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Liver, and Large Intestine meridians. It breaks the Qi of the highest position, eliminates cough with retained phlegm, assists the official of conduction (Large Intestine), eliminates distension and fullness due to water retention, and additionally clears the Bladder. Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) has an urgent action, while Zhi Ke has a mild action; both can be ground into juice for use, resulting in even more rapid efficacy.
[Preparation] Remove the pith, slice, and stir-fry with bran.