气味辛寒，无毒。主治寒热中风，螈 惊痫，邪气，除症坚瘀血，留舍肠胃，安五脏
，疗痈疮。
（牡丹始出蜀地山谷及汉中，今江南、江北皆有，而以洛阳为盛。冬月含苞紫色，春初
放叶
，三月开花有红白黄紫及桃红、粉红、佛头青、鸭头绿之色。有千叶、单叶、起楼、平头种
种不一，入药唯取野生红白单叶者之根皮用之。单瓣则专精在本，其千叶五色异种，只供玩
赏之品。千叶者，不结子，唯单瓣者，结子黑色，如鸡豆子大，子虽结仍在根上发枝分种，
故名曰牡色红入心，故名曰丹。）
牡丹根上生枝，皮色外红紫，内粉白，命名曰牡丹，乃心主血脉之药也，始生西北，气
味辛
寒，盖禀金水相生之气化。寒热中风，螈 惊痫。邪气者，言邪风之气，中于人身，伤其血
脉，致身发寒热，而手足螈 ，面目惊痫。丹皮禀金气而治血脉之风，故主治也。症坚瘀血
留舍肠胃者，言经脉之血，不渗灌于络脉，则留舍肠胃，而为症坚之瘀血，丹皮辛以散之，
寒以清之，故主除焉。花开五色，故安五脏，通调血脉，故疗痈疮。
气味苦微寒，无毒。主治妇人产乳痉病，七伤，带下，五漏，止痛，止汗，除恶肉，
疗金疮。
（地榆处处平原川泽有之，宿根在土，三月生苗，初生布地，独茎直上，高三四尺，叶
似榆叶而狭长如锯齿状，其根外黑里红，一名玉豉，又名酸赭）
地榆一名玉豉，其臭兼酸，其色则赭，故《别录》又名酸赭，盖禀厥阴木火之气，能资
肝脏
之血也。主治妇人产乳 病者，谓产后乳子，血虚中风而病 。地榆益肝脏之血，故可治也
。七伤者，食伤，忧伤，饮伤，房室伤，饮伤，劳伤，经络营卫气伤，内有干血，身皮甲错
，两目黯黑也。地榆得先春之气，故能养五脏而治七伤。带下五漏者，带漏五色，或如青泥
，或如红津，或如白涕，或如黄瓜，或如黑 血也。止痛者，止妇人九痛，一阴中痛，二阴
中淋痛，三小便痛，四寒冷痛，五月经来时腹痛，六气满来时足痛，七汗出阴中如虫啮痛，
八胁下皮肤痛，九腰痛。地榆得木火之气，能散带漏下之瘀，而解阴凝之痛也。止汗者，止
产后血虚汗出也。除恶肉，疗金疮者，生阳气盛，则恶肉自除，血气调和，则金疮可疗。
【牡丹】
气味辛、寒，无毒。主治寒热往来及中风引起的抽搐、惊痫，驱除邪气，消除症坚和瘀血，使瘀血不再停留于肠胃，安定五脏，治疗痈疮。
（牡丹最初产于蜀地山谷及汉中地区，如今江南、江北都有生长，以洛阳最为繁盛。冬季时花苞呈紫色，初春时节舒展叶片，三月开花，颜色有红、白、黄、紫以及桃红、粉红、佛头青、鸭头绿等。品种有千叶、单叶、起楼、平头等种种不同，入药只取野生红白单叶品种的根皮使用。单瓣品种药力专精于根部，那些千叶五色异种，仅供观赏。千叶品种不结种子，只有单瓣品种结黑色种子，大小如鸡豆子，种子虽已结出，但根上仍会发枝分种，所以名叫“牡”；色红入心，所以名叫“丹”。）
牡丹根上生枝，外皮颜色外红紫内粉白，命名为牡丹，是主管心主血脉的药物。它始生于西北方，气味辛寒，大概是禀受了金水相生的气化特性。对于寒热、中风、抽搐、惊痫、邪气等症状，所谓邪气，是指邪风之气侵入人体，损伤其血脉，导致身体出现寒热，手足抽搐，面目惊痫。丹皮禀受金气而调理血脉中的风邪，所以能主治这些病症。所谓症坚瘀血留舍肠胃，是指经脉之血不能渗灌到络脉，便停留于肠胃，形成症坚的瘀血。丹皮味辛能散结，味寒能清热，所以能主治消除这些瘀血。花开五色，所以能安定五脏；通调血脉，所以能治疗痈疮。
【地榆】
气味苦、微寒，无毒。主治妇人产后痉病，七伤，带下，五漏，止痛，止汗，去除恶肉，治疗金疮。
（地榆在各地的平原川泽都有生长，宿根在土中，三月生出苗芽，初生时贴地生长，独茎直立向上，高三四尺，叶子像榆树叶但狭长如锯齿状，其根外部黑内部红，一名玉豉，又名酸赭。）
地榆一名玉豉，其气味兼有酸味，其颜色为赭石色，所以《别录》又称其为酸赭，大概是禀受了厥阴木火的气化特性，能够资助肝脏的血分。主治妇人产乳痉病，是指产后哺乳期间，因血虚感受风邪而引发的痉病。地榆补益肝脏之血，所以可以治疗此病。所谓七伤，指食伤、忧伤、饮伤、房室伤、劳伤、经络营卫气伤，体内有干血，皮肤粗糙如鳞甲，两眼暗黑。地榆得先春之气，所以能滋养五脏并治疗七伤。所谓带下五漏，指带下物颜色五色各异，有的像青泥，有的像红津，有的像白涕，有的像黄瓜汁，有的像黑血。止痛，指停止妇人的九种疼痛：一为阴中痛，二为阴中淋痛，三为小便痛，四为寒冷痛，五为月经来时腹痛，六为气满来时足痛，七为出汗时阴中如虫咬痛，八为胁下皮肤痛，九为腰痛。地榆禀受木火之气，能消散带漏下行的瘀血，解除阴凝导致的疼痛。止汗，指停止产后因血虚导致的汗出。去除恶肉，治疗金疮，是因为生气旺盛则恶肉自然去除，气血调和则金疮可愈。
[Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan)]
Flavor: Acrid, Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Manages alternating chills and fever, wind-stroke with convulsions, epilepsy; expels pathogenic factors; eliminates fixed masses (Zheng Jian) and blood stasis; prevents stasis from lodging in the intestines and stomach; stabilizes the five Zang organs; treats carbuncles and sores.
(Mudanpi originally grew in the valleys of Shu and Hanzhong. Today it is found throughout Jiangnan and Jiangbei, with Luoyang being the most prominent. In winter, the buds are purple; in early spring, leaves unfurl; flowers bloom in March in colors including red, white, yellow, purple, peach blossom pink, light pink, Buddha-head green, and duck-head green. Varieties include double-petaled, single-petaled, tiered, and flat-headed types. For medicinal use, only the root bark of wild single-petaled red or white varieties is taken. Single-petaled varieties concentrate their efficacy in the root, whereas multi-colored double-petaled varieties are merely for ornamentation. Double-petaled varieties do not produce seeds; only single-petaled varieties produce black seeds the size of chicken beans. Although seeds form, branches still sprout from the root, hence the name "Mu" (male); the red color enters the Heart, hence the name "Dan".)
Branches grow from the roots of Mudanpi; the bark is reddish-purple on the outside and powdery white inside. Named Mudanpi, it is a herb that governs the Heart's control over blood vessels. Originating in the northwest, its acrid and cold flavor reflects the qi transformation of Metal generating Water. Regarding alternating chills/fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, epilepsy, and pathogenic factors: "Pathogenic factor" refers to pathogenic wind qi invading the body, damaging blood vessels, causing alternating chills and fever, convulsions of the limbs, and facial manifestations of epilepsy. Mudanpi, imbued with Metal qi, treats wind in the blood vessels, thus managing these conditions. Regarding fixed masses (Zheng Jian) and blood stasis lodging in the intestines and stomach: when blood in the meridians fails to seep into the collaterals, it lodges in the intestines and stomach, forming fixed masses of blood stasis. Mudanpi is acrid to dissipate and cold to clear, thus eliminating this stasis. The flower blooms in five colors, thereby stabilizing the five Zang organs; by regulating blood vessels, it treats carbuncles and sores.
[Diyu (Radix Sanguisorbae)]
Flavor: Bitter, slightly Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Treats postpartum spasms in women, seven injuries, leukorrhea, five types of leakage, pain relief, sweating cessation, removal of foul flesh, and treatment of metal wounds.
(Diyu grows in plains and marshes everywhere. Its perennial roots remain in the soil. Seedlings emerge in March, initially spreading along the ground, then growing as a single straight stem three to four chi high. Leaves resemble elm leaves but are narrow and serrated. The root is black on the outside and red on the inside. Also known as Yuchi or Suanzhe.)
Diyu, also known as Yuchi, has an odor that includes acidity and a color resembling ochre; thus, *Bielu* also calls it Suanzhe. It is likely imbued with the qi transformation of Jueyin Wood and Fire, capable of nourishing Liver blood. Regarding postpartum spasms: this refers to spasms caused by wind-strike due to blood deficiency after childbirth and nursing. Diyu benefits Liver blood, thus treating this condition. Regarding the "seven injuries": these are dietary injury, emotional injury, beverage injury, sexual injury, fatigue injury, and injury to meridians, Ying, and Wei qi. Internally there is dry blood, the skin is rough like scales, and the eyes are dark. Diyu receives the qi of early spring, thus nourishing the five Zang organs and treating the seven injuries. Regarding leukorrhea and five types of leakage: the discharge varies in five colors, resembling blue mud, red fluid, white mucus, cucumber juice, or black blood. Pain relief refers to stopping nine types of pain in women: 1. Pain in the yin organ; 2. Painful dribbling in the yin organ; 3. Pain during urination; 4. Cold pain; 5. Abdominal pain during menstruation; 6. Foot pain when Qi stagnation occurs; 7. Pain in the yin organ during sweating, feeling like insect bites; 8. Skin pain under the hypochondrium; 9. Lower back pain. Diyu, imbued with Wood and Fire qi, dissipates blood stasis from downward leakage and resolves pain caused by Yin coagulation. Cessation of sweating refers to stopping sweating due to blood deficiency after childbirth. Removal of foul flesh and treatment of metal wounds occur because vigorous generation of Yang qi causes foul flesh to naturally fall away, and harmonized Qi and Blood allow metal wounds to heal.