气味苦平，无毒。主治劳热邪气，五癃闭不通，利小便水道。
（石苇始出华阴山谷，今晋绛、滁海、福州、江宁皆有，丛生石旁及阴崖险罅处。其叶
长者近尺，阔寸余，背有黄毛，亦有成金星者，凌冬不凋，柔韧如皮，故《别录》名石皮，
采处以不闻水声及人声者良。）
水草、石草皆主在肾。石苇生于石上，凌冬不凋，盖禀少阴之精气，叶背有金星，有黄
毛，
乃金水相生。肾上连肺也，主治劳热邪气者，劳热在骨，邪气在皮，肺肾之所主也。五癃者
，五液癃闭，小便不利也。石苇助肺肾之精气，上下相交，水津上濡，则上窍外窍皆通。肺
气不化，则水道行而小便利矣。夫水声泄肾气，人声泄肺气，不闻水声、人声者，藏水天之
精，以助人之肺肾也。
气味苦咸寒，无毒。主治瘿瘤结气，散劲下硬核痛，痈肿，症瘕坚气，腹中上下雷鸣
，治十二水肿。
（海藻生东海岛中，今登莱诸处海中皆有，黑色如乱发，海人以绳系腰，没水取之。）
咸能软坚，咸主润下，海藻生于海中，其味苦咸，其性寒洁，故主治经脉外内之坚结，
瘿瘤
结气，颈下硬核痛，痈肿，乃经脉不和而病结于外也。症瘕坚气，腹中上下雷鸣，乃经脉不
和。而病结于内也。海藻形如乱发，主通经脉，故治十二经水肿，人身十二经脉流通，则水
肿自愈矣。
【石苇】
气味：苦，平，无毒。
主治：劳热邪气，五癃闭不通，利小便水道。
（石苇最初产于华阴山谷，如今在山西绛州、滁州海边、福州、江宁等地都有生长，丛生在石头旁边以及背阴的悬崖险峻缝隙处。它的叶子长的接近一尺，宽一寸多，背面有黄色的绒毛，也有结成金星形状的，经历冬天也不凋谢，质地柔韧像皮革一样，所以《名医别录》叫它石皮，采集的地方以听不到水声和人声的地方为好。）
水草、石草都主要作用于肾。石苇生长在石头上，经历冬天也不凋谢，大概是禀受了少阴经的精气，叶子背面有金星，有黄毛，这是金水相生的表现。肾向上连着肺，主治劳热邪气的，劳热在骨，邪气在皮，这是肺和肾所主管的。五癃，是指五种津液癃闭，小便不利。石苇帮助肺肾的精气，上下相交，水津向上濡润，那么上窍和外窍都通畅。肺气不化，那么水道运行而小便通利。水声会泄掉肾气，人声会泄掉肺气，听不到水声、人声的地方，能收藏天水之精，来辅助人的肺肾。
【海藻】
气味：苦、咸、寒，无毒。
主治：瘿瘤结气，散颈下硬核痛，痈肿，症瘕坚气，腹中上下雷鸣，治十二水肿。
（海藻生长在东海岛屿中，如今登州、莱州等地的海中都有，黑色像乱发，海人用绳子系在腰上，潜水去采摘它。）
咸味能软坚散结，咸味主润下，海藻生长在海中，它的味道苦咸，它的性质寒凉洁净，所以主治经脉内外坚结，瘿瘤结气，颈下硬核痛，痈肿，这是经脉不和而病结于外。症瘕坚气，腹中上下雷鸣，这是经脉不和而病结于内。海藻形状像乱发，主要通行经脉，所以治十二经水肿，人身十二经脉流通，那么水肿自然痊愈了。
[Shiwei (Pyrrhosoma lingua)]
Odor and Flavor: Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
Indications: Labor-induced heat and pathogenic qi, obstruction of the five types of urinary retention (Wu Long), promoting the flow of urine through the water passages.
(Shiwei was originally found in the valleys of Huayin. Currently, it grows in Jiangzhou, Shanxi; coastal areas of Chuzhou; Fuzhou; and Nanjing. It grows in clusters beside rocks and in shady, steep cliffs and crevices. Its leaves are nearly one chi long and more than one cun wide. The back of the leaves has yellow hairs, and some form shapes resembling golden stars. It does not wither in winter and is flexible and tough like leather. Therefore, it is called "Shipi" (Stone Skin) in the *Bie Lu* (Supplementary Records). The best places for harvesting are those where no sound of water or human voices can be heard.)
Both Shuicao (Water Grass) and Shicao (Stone Grass) primarily act on the Kidney. Shiwei grows on stones and does not withter in winter, implying that it inherits the essence and qi of Shaoyin (Lesser Yin). The presence of golden stars and yellow hairs on the back of its leaves indicates the mutual generation of Metal and Water. The Kidney connects upward to the Lung. Regarding the treatment of labor-induced heat and pathogenic qi: labor-induced heat resides in the bones, while pathogenic qi resides in the skin; these are governed by the Lung and Kidney. "Wu Long" refers to the retention of the five body fluids, resulting in difficult urination. Shiwei assists the essence and qi of the Lung and Kidney, allowing them to interact between upper and lower jiao. When fluid moisture ascends to moisten, both the upper orifices and external orifices become unobstructed. If Lung Qi fails to transform, the water passages will function, and urination will become smooth. Sounds of water deplete Kidney Qi, and sounds of human speech deplete Lung Qi. Places where neither water nor human sounds are heard preserve the essence of heaven and water, thereby assisting the Lung and Kidney of humans.
[Haisao (Sargassum fusiforme)]
Odor and Flavor: Bitter, salty, cold, non-toxic.
Indications: Goiter (Ying Liu) and stagnant qi, dispersing hardness and pain below the neck, carbuncles and sores (Yong Zhong), firm masses (Zheng Jia) and hard qi, rumbling noises throughout the abdomen, treating edema of the twelve meridians.
(Haisao grows in the islands of the East Sea. Currently, it is found in the seas of Dengzhou and Laizhou. It is black and resembles tangled hair. Fishermen tie ropes around their waists and dive to harvest it.)
The salty flavor can soften hardness. Salty flavors primarily promote downward movement and moistening. Haisao grows in the sea; its flavor is bitter and salty, and its nature is cold and pure. Therefore, it treats hard accumulations inside and outside the meridians, such as goiter and stagnant qi, hardness and pain below the neck, and carbuncles and sores. These conditions arise from meridian disharmony with pathology accumulating externally. Zheng Jia (firm abdominal masses) and hard qi, along with rumbling noises in the abdomen, indicate meridian disharmony with pathology accumulating internally. Haisao resembles tangled hair and primarily promotes the flow of meridians; therefore, it treats edema of the twelve meridians. When the twelve meridians of the human body flow smoothly, edema heals itself.