气味苦寒，无毒。主治心腹结气，症瘕积聚，黄胆，溺有余沥，逐水，除痈肿，补中
，明目，止泪。
（苦参《本经》名水槐，一名地槐，又名苦骨。近道处处有之。花开黄白，根色亦黄白，
长
五七寸许，叶形似槐，味苦性寒，故有水槐、地槐之名。苦以味名，参以功名，有补益上中
下之功，故名曰参。参犹参也。）
苦参气味苦寒，根花黄白，禀寒水之精，得中土之化，水精上与君火相参，故主治心腹
结气
，参伍于中土之中，故治症瘕积聚而清黄胆。禀水精，则能资肾，故治溺有余沥。苦主下泄
，故逐水。苦能清热，故除痈肿。得中土之化，故补中。水之精，上通于火之神，故明目止
泪。
气味苦寒，无毒。主治疥瘙痂痒恶疮，杀虱，治留热在骨节间，明目。（《纲目》
误注下品，今改正。）
（青蒿处处有之，春生苗叶极细可食。至夏高四五尺，秋后开细淡黄花颇香，结实如麻
子。凡蒿叶皆淡青，此蒿独深青，如松桧之色，深秋余蒿并黄，此蒿犹青，其气芬芳，其根
白色，春夏用苗叶，秋冬用子根。寇氏曰∶青蒿得春最早。）
青蒿春生苗叶，色青根白，气味苦寒，盖受金水之精，而得春生之气。主治疥瘙痂痒恶
疮者，气味苦寒，苦杀虫而寒清热也。又曰∶杀虱者，言不但治疥瘙，而且杀虱也。又曰∶
治留热在骨节间者，主不但治痂痒恶疮，且治留热在骨节间也。禀金水之精，得春生之气，
故明目。
气味苦寒，无毒。主治心腹结气，症瘕积聚，黄疸，小便淋漓不尽，逐水，消除痈肿，补益中气，明目，止泪。
（苦参在《神农本草经》中名为水槐，又名地槐，还叫苦骨。近处各地都有生长。花开黄白色，根部颜色也是黄白，长约五七寸左右，叶片形状像槐树叶子，味道苦性质寒，所以有水槐、地槐的名称。以“苦”字命名是因为其味苦，以“参”字命名是因为它有补益上、中、下三焦的功效，所以名叫参。参，就是参杂、配合的意思。）
苦参的气味苦寒，根和花呈黄白色，禀受了寒水的精气，得到了中土的化育。水的精气向上与君火相参合，所以主治心腹结气；它参伍于中土之中，所以治疗症瘕积聚并清除黄疸。禀受水的精气，就能资助肾脏，所以治疗小便淋漓不尽。苦味主向下泄降，所以能逐水。苦味能清热，所以能消除痈肿。得到中土的化育，所以能补益中气。水的精气，向上通达于火的神明，所以能明目止泪。
气味苦寒，无毒。主治疥疮瘙痒、结痂、恶疮，杀灭虱子，治疗热邪留滞于骨节之间，明目。（《本草纲目》错误地将其注为下品，现在予以改正。）
（青蒿到处都有生长，春天生出苗叶非常细小可以食用。到了夏天长到四五尺高，秋天后开出细小的淡黄色花朵，气味很香，结的果实像麻子一样。凡是蒿类的叶子都是淡青色，只有这种蒿是深青色，像松柏桧柏的颜色，深秋时节其他的蒿都变黄了，只有这种蒿仍然青翠，它的气味芬芳，它的根是白色的，春夏季节使用苗叶，秋冬季节使用种子和根。寇宗奭说：青蒿得春气最早。）
青蒿春天生出苗叶，叶色青根色白，气味苦寒，大概是接受了金和水的精气，而得到了春天生发之气。主治疥疮瘙痒、结痂、恶疮，是因为气味苦寒，苦味能杀虫而寒性能清热。又说：杀灭虱子，是说不仅能治疗疥疮瘙痒，而且能杀灭虱子。又说：治疗热邪留滞于骨节之间，是说不仅能治疗结痂瘙痒恶疮，而且能治疗热邪留滞于骨节之间。禀受金和水的精气，得到春天生发之气，所以能明目。
The flavor is bitter and the nature is cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats knotting qi in the heart and abdomen (Xin Fu Jie Qi), masses and accumulations (Zheng Jia Ji Ju), jaundice (Huang Dan), dribbling after urination (Niao You Yu Li), expels water (Zhu Shui), eliminates carbuncles and swellings (Chong Yong Zhong), tonifies the middle jiao (Bu Zhong), brightens the eyes (Ming Mu), and stops tearing.
(Kushen [Sophorae Flavescentis Radix], known as Shuihuai [Water Locust] in *Shennong Bencao Jing*, also named Dihuai [Earth Locust], and further called Kugu [Bitter Bone]. It grows everywhere in nearby regions. The flowers are yellowish-white, the root color is also yellowish-white, about five to seven cun long, leaf shape resembles locust leaves, taste is bitter and nature is cold, hence the names Shuihuai and Dihuai. Named "Ku" [Bitter] due to its taste, named "Shen" [Ginseng/Participate] because it has tonifying effects on the upper, middle, and lower jiao, thus named Shen. Shen implies participation or interaction.)
Kushen has a bitter and cold flavor, with roots and flowers being yellowish-white. It inherits the essence of cold water and obtains the transformation of central earth. The essence of water interacts upward with the Ministerial Fire (Jun Huo), thus treating knotting qi in the heart and abdomen; interacting within the central earth, it treats masses and accumulations and clears jaundice. Inheriting the essence of water, it can nourish the Kidney, thus treating dribbling after urination. Bitterness directs downward and drains, thus expelling water. Bitterness clears heat, thus eliminating carbuncles and swellings. Obtaining the transformation of central earth, it tonifies the middle. The essence of water connects upward to the spirit of fire, thus brightening the eyes and stopping tearing.
The flavor is bitter and the nature is cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats scabies with itching and crusting, malignant sores, kills lice, treats lingering heat between bone joints, and brightens the eyes. (*Bencao Gangmu* erroneously listed it in the Lower Grade, now corrected.)
(Qinghao [Artemisiae Annuae Herba] grows everywhere. In spring, seedlings and leaves emerge, very fine and edible. By summer, it grows four to five chi high. After autumn, it blooms with small pale yellow fragrant flowers, bearing seeds like hemp seeds. Generally, mugwort leaves are pale green, but this mugwort is deep green, resembling the color of pine or juniper. In late autumn, other muggorts turn yellow, but this one remains green. Its aroma is fragrant, and its root is white. Use seedlings and leaves in spring and summer; use seeds and roots in autumn and winter. Kou Zongshi said: Qinghao receives the spring energy earliest.)
Qinghao emerges in spring with green leaves and white roots, having a bitter and cold flavor. It likely received the essence of Metal and Water, and obtained the vital energy of Spring generation. Treating scabies with itching and crusting, malignant sores is because the bitter flavor kills parasites and the cold nature clears heat. It says: killing lice means not only treating scabies but also killing lice. It says: treating lingering heat between bone joints means not only treating crusting and sores but also treating lingering heat in the joints. Inheriting the essence of Metal and Water, and obtaining the vital energy of Spring generation, it brightens the eyes.