气味辛甘平，无毒。主续绝伤，补不足，益气力，肥健人。《别录》云∶久服明目
、轻身延年。
（菟丝子《尔雅》名玉女。《诗》名女萝。始出朝鲜川泽田野，盖禀水阴之气，从东方
而生
，今处处有之。夏生苗，如丝遍地，不能自起，得他草梗则缠绕而上，其根即绝于地，寄生
空中，无叶有花，香气袭人，结实如秕豆而细，色黄。法当温水淘去沙泥，酒浸一宿，曝干
捣用。又法，酒浸四五日，蒸曝四五次，研作饼，焙干用。）
凡草木子实，得水湿清凉之气后能发芽。菟丝子得沸汤火热之气，而有丝芽吐出，盖禀
性纯
阴，得热气而发也。气味辛甘，得手足太阴天地之气化，寄生空中，丝茎缭绕，故主续绝伤
。续绝伤，故能补不足。补不足，故能益气力。益气力，故能肥健人。兔乃明月之精，故久
服明目。阴精所奉其人寿，故轻身延年。
气味苦，微寒，无毒。主血结惊风，除寒热，补中，益肺气。《别录》云∶久服利人
。
（沙参一名白参，以其根色名也。又名羊乳。俚人呼为羊婆奶，以其根茎折之皆有白汁
也。始出河内川谷及冤句、般阳，今淄齐，潞随，江淮，荆湖州郡，及处处山原有之。喜生
近水沙地中。）
沙参生于近水之沙地，其性全寒，苦中带甘，故曰微寒，色白多汁，禀金水之精气。血
结惊
气者，荣气内虚，故血结而惊气也。寒热者，卫气外虚，故肌表不和而寒热也。补中者，补
中焦之精汁。补中则血结惊气可治矣。益肺者，益肺气于皮毛，益肺则寒热可除矣。所以然
者，禀水精而补中，禀金精而益肺也。久服则血气调而荣卫和，故利人。
愚按∶《本经》人参味甘，沙参味苦，性皆微寒。后人改人参微温，沙参味甘，不知人
参味甘，甘中稍苦，故曰微寒。沙参全寒，苦中带甘，故曰微寒。先圣立言自有深意，后人
不思体会而审察之，擅改圣经，误人最甚。
气味辛、甘，性平，无毒。主治接续断裂的损伤，补充身体的亏虚，增强气力，使人体形肥壮强健。《名医别录》记载：长期服用可以明目、身体轻健、延年益寿。
（菟丝子在《尔雅》中称为玉女，在《诗经》中称为女萝。最初产于朝鲜的川泽田野，大概禀受了水阴之气，从东方生长，现在各地都有。夏天生苗，像丝一样遍布地面，不能自己直立，得到其他草茎则缠绕而上，其根随即断绝于地下，寄生在空中，没有叶子但有花，香气袭人，结出的果实像秕豆那样细小，颜色发黄。炮制方法应当用温水淘洗去沙泥，用酒浸泡一夜，晒干后捣碎使用。另一种方法，用酒浸泡四五日，蒸晒四五次，研磨做成饼状，焙干后使用。）
凡是草木的种子，得到水湿清凉之气后才能发芽。菟丝子得到沸汤火热之气，便有丝状芽吐出，大概是因为禀性纯阴，得到热气而萌发。气味辛、甘，禀受了手足太阴肺脾二经的天地方气化育，寄生在空中，丝茎缭绕，所以主治接续断裂的损伤。能接续断裂的损伤，所以能补充身体的亏虚。能补充身体的亏虚，所以能增强气力。能增强气力，所以能使人体形肥壮强健。兔是明月的精华，所以长期服用可以明目。阴精上奉于人则长寿，所以能身体轻健、延年益寿。
气味苦，性微寒，无毒。主治血结惊风，去除寒热，补益中焦，益补肺气。《名医别录》记载：长期服用对人有益。
（沙参又名白参，因其根部颜色而得名。又名羊乳。俗人称之为羊婆奶，因为其根茎折断后都有白色汁液流出。最初产于河内的川谷以及冤句、般阳等地，现在淄齐、潞随、江淮、荆湖州郡，以及各地的山原都有生长。喜欢生长在靠近水边的沙地中。）
沙参生长在靠近水边的沙地，其性质全寒，苦中带甘，所以说性微寒，色白多汁，禀受了金和水的精气。所谓血结惊气，是因为营气内部虚弱，所以血液凝结而产生惊气。所谓寒热，是因为卫气外部虚弱，所以肌表不和而产生寒热症状。补中，是指补益中焦的精汁。补益中焦，那么血结惊气就可以治疗了。益肺，是指在皮毛层面益补肺气，益补肺气，那么寒热症状就可以除去了。之所以这样，是因为禀受水之精气而补益中焦，禀受金之精气而益补肺气。长期服用则血气调和而营卫和谐，所以对人有好处。
我按语认为：《神农本草经》记载人参味甘，沙参味苦，性质都是微寒。后人将人参改为微温，沙参改为味甘，不知道人参味甘，甘中稍带苦味，所以说是微寒。沙参全寒，苦中带甘，所以说是微寒。先圣立言自有深意，后人不去思考体会并审察它，擅自更改经典，误人最深。
The flavor is pungent and sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats the healing of severed injuries, supplements deficiencies, boosts qi and strength, and makes the body robust and strong. *Bielu* (Additional Records) states: Long-term consumption brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and prolongs life.
(Tusizi [Cuscutae Semen] is named "Yunu" in *Erya* and "Nuluo" in *Shijing*. It originally grew in the rivers, marshes, and fields of Korea, likely inheriting the yin energy of water and growing from the east; it is now found everywhere. The vines sprout in summer, spreading like threads over the ground, unable to stand upright on their own; they climb by winding around other plant stems. Their roots detach from the soil, parasitizing in the air. They have no leaves but bear flowers with a penetrating fragrance. The fruits are small, resembling chaffy beans, and yellow in color. The processing method involves washing away sand and mud with warm water, soaking in wine for one night, drying in the sun, and crushing for use. Another method involves soaking in wine for four to five days, steaming and drying four to five times, grinding into cakes, and baking dry for use.)
Generally, seeds of herbs and trees can only germinate after receiving the cool and moist energy of water. Tusizi, upon receiving the hot and fiery energy of boiling water, sprouts thread-like shoots. This is because its nature is purely yin, and it germinates upon receiving heat energy. Its pungent and sweet flavors correspond to the heavenly and earthly transformations of the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians (Lung and Spleen). Being parasitic in the air with winding stem threads, it primarily treats the healing of severed injuries. By healing severed injuries, it supplements deficiencies. By supplementing deficiencies, it boosts qi and strength. By boosting qi and strength, it makes the body robust and strong. The rabbit is the essence of the bright moon; thus, long-term consumption brightens the eyes. When yin essence is nourished and offered upwards, longevity is achieved; thus, it lightens the body and prolongs life.
The flavor is bitter, the nature is slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats blood stasis with fright-wind, eliminates alternating chills and fever, tonifies the middle jiao, and benefits lung qi. *Bielu* (Additional Records) states: Long-term consumption is beneficial to people.
(Shashen [Adenophorae Radix], also known as Baishen, is named so due to the white color of its root. It is also known as Yangru. Commoners call it "Yangponai" (Sheep's Grandma Milk) because breaking its root or stem releases a white juice. It originally grew in the valleys of Henei, as well as Yuanju and Banyang. It is now found in Ziqi, Lusui, Jianghuai, Jingzhou, Luzhou, and mountainous plains everywhere. It prefers to grow in sandy areas near water.)
Shashen grows in sandy areas near water. Its nature is entirely cold, bitter yet containing sweetness, hence described as slightly cold. Its white color and juicy texture indicate it inherits the essential qi of Metal and Water. "Blood stasis with fright-wind" occurs because Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) is deficient internally, leading to blood stasis and frightful qi. "Chills and fever" occur because Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is deficient externally, leading to disharmony of the muscle surface and resulting in chills and fever. "Tonifying the middle" refers to replenishing the essential fluids of the Middle Jiao. By tonifying the middle, blood stasis and fright-wind can be treated. "Benefiting the lung" refers to benefiting Lung Qi at the level of the skin and hair. By benefiting the lung, chills and fever can be eliminated. The reason for this is that it inherits the essence of Water to tonify the middle, and inherits the essence of Metal to benefit the lung. Long-term consumption harmonizes blood and qi, ensuring harmony between Ying and Wei, thus being beneficial to people.
In my opinion: *Benjing* (Shennong Bencao Jing) records that Renshen (Ginseng) has a sweet flavor, while Shashen has a bitter flavor, and both are slightly cold in nature. Later authors changed Renshen to slightly warm and Shashen to sweet-flavored. They did not realize that although Renshen is sweet, it contains a slight bitterness, hence described as slightly cold. Shashen is entirely cold, bitter yet containing sweetness, hence described as slightly cold. The ancient sages had profound intentions in their statements. Later generations failed to reflect and examine them, arbitrarily altering the classics, which causes the greatest harm to people.