【气味】
辛温无毒。浮而升。上行阳明。
【主治】
头风痛。目盲翳膜。痘后生翳。止血。功在菊花上。
【气味】
辛温无毒。
【主治】
胸膈痰冷上气。醋研敷射工毒。辛能入肺。温能发散。有利气豁痰。温中开胃。散
痛消肿辟恶之功。凡痰在胁下皮里膜外者。非此不能达。古方控涎丹用之。执此义也。
【气味】
辛温无毒。沉而降。阴中阳也。乃三焦气分之药。（凡入理气药。只宜生用。不可
见火。若实大肠宜面煨熟用。）
【主治】
心腹一切气。膀胱冷痛。呕逆反胃。积年冷气。温疟蛊毒。女人血气刺心。和胃泄
肺。行肝经气。但其性辛劣。最能上升。如气郁不达者宜之。若阴火冲上者。则反助火邪。
不宜用也。凡诸气 郁。皆属于肺。上焦气滞用之者。乃金郁则泄之也。中气不运。皆属于
脾。中焦气滞用之者。脾胃喜其芳香也。大肠气滞而后重。膀胱气不化而癃淋。肝气郁则为
痛。下焦气滞而用之者。乃塞者通之也。
【气味】
辛平有毒。沉而降。阴中阳也。入手阳明太阴少阴三经。（凡采得以白芥子为末二
两。酽醋三两。搅浊投半夏于内。浸洗去涎。涎若不尽。令人气逆。肝气怒满。又造曲法云
。以半夏为主。入姜汁白矾。加以干面和搅作面。入楮叶包置篮中。候生黄衣。日干。久贮
听用。极为良品。）
【主治】
寒痰及形寒饮冷伤肺而咳嗽。脾胃湿。益脾胃之气。消肿散结。渴则忌之。但今人
惟知半夏去痰不能益脾。孰知脾恶湿。湿则濡困。困则不能治水。半夏之性辛而能润。可使
脾无留湿。湿去而土自燥。痰乃不生。其功之益脾何如也。又丹溪以二陈汤治一身之痰。庸
医执之。概以有痰者。即以此方为对症之剂。岂知二陈汤唯风寒湿食之痰用之。乃宜至于劳
痰失血用之。反能燥血。其所当禁用又何如也。又俗以半夏性燥有毒。多以贝母代之。岂知
贝母乃太阴肺经之药。唯咳嗽吐痰。虚劳吐血。或痰中见血。诸郁咽痛喉痹。肺痈肺痿痈疽
。妇人乳痈等症。此则宜以贝母为之向导。若涎者脾之液。美味膏粱炙爆。皆能生脾胃湿热
。令涎化为痰。久则痰火上攻。使人昏愦口噤偏废僵仆蹇涩不语。自非半夏何以行湿利窍。
通大便而泄小便。使脾为生痰之源。肺为贮痰之器。各得滑泽自安也。又俗言半夏入方药中
。能泄痰之标。不能泄痰之本。岂知肾主五液化为五湿。自入为唾。入肝为泣。入心为汗。
入脾为痰。入肺为涕。半夏能流湿润燥。无形之咳。有形之痰。悉能荡涤必清。其泄肾非泄
痰之本乎。又俗言半夏之辛。只能入肺散气。岂知止呕吐为足阳明。除痰为足太阴之剂。如
柴胡汤中用之。虽为止呕。亦能助柴胡黄芩之清凉。主寒热之往来。是又非足少阳阳明之对
剂乎。然热痰佐以黄芩。风痰佐以南星。寒痰佐以干姜。痰痞佐以陈皮白术。多用则泻脾胃
。诸血证及口渴者则禁用。是又在驱使者之得宜也。
【气味】
辛，温，无毒。药性轻浮而上升，趋向于上行至阳明经。
【主治】
头风痛（因风邪引起的头痛）。目盲翳膜（眼睛失明及角膜上的云翳）。痘疹痊愈后生翳。止血。其功效优于菊花。
【气味】
辛，温，无毒。
【主治】
胸膈间痰饮寒冷之气上逆。用醋研磨后外敷治疗射工毒（古代指一种由水虫或毒气引起的皮肤病或中毒）。辛味能入肺经，温性能发散。具有理气豁痰、温中开胃、散痛消肿、辟除秽恶的功效。凡是痰饮停留在胁下、皮里膜外者，非此药不能到达。古方控涎丹中使用它，就是依据这一原理。
【气味】
辛，温，无毒。药性沉降而降泄，属于阴中之阳。是三焦气分的药物。（凡是用于理气的药物，只宜生用，不可见火。若要实大肠，则应用面粉煨熟后使用。）
【主治】
心腹各种气滞疼痛。膀胱冷痛。呕吐逆气、反胃。积年冷气。温疟（一种定时发作的疟疾）和蛊毒。妇女血气刺痛心脏。调和胃气，清泄肺气。疏行肝经气机。但其性味辛辣劣烈，最能向上运行。如气郁不得通达者适宜使用。如果是阴火上冲者，则会反而助长火邪，不宜使用。凡各种气机郁滞，都归属于肺。上焦气机阻滞而使用它的，是因为“金郁则泄之”（肺属金，气滞则需疏通）。中气不运转，都归属于脾。中焦气机阻滞而使用它的，是因为脾胃喜欢它的芳香之气。大肠气机阻滞导致里急后重，膀胱气化不利导致小便淋漓不畅，肝气郁结导致疼痛。下焦气机阻滞而使用它的，是因为“塞者通之”（堵塞则需要疏通）。
【气味】
辛，平，有毒。药性沉降而降泄，属于阴中之阳。入手阳明、手太阴、手少阴三经。（凡是采得半夏，可用白芥子末二两，浓醋三两，搅拌浑浊后投入半夏内，浸泡清洗以去除黏液。如果黏液不去尽，会导致人气逆、肝气怒满。另外制作曲的方法说：以半夏为主料，加入姜汁、白矾，加上干面粉搅拌成面团，用楮叶包裹放在篮中，等待生出黄色衣膜，晒干后长期储存备用，这是极好的药材。）
【主治】
寒痰以及因形体受寒、饮用冷水损伤肺脏而引起的咳嗽。脾胃湿困。补益脾胃之气。消肿散结。口渴时忌用。只是如今的人只知道半夏能去痰而不能补脾，谁又知道脾脏厌恶湿气？湿气重则使脾濡湿困顿，困顿则不能运化水湿。半夏的性质辛而能润，可以使脾没有滞留的湿气。湿气去除后脾土自然干燥，痰便不再产生。它补益脾胃的功效是多么显著啊。另外，朱丹溪用二陈汤治疗全身之痰，庸医拘执于此，一概认为有痰就用此方作为对症药剂。哪里知道二陈汤只适用于风寒湿食所致的痰证。至于劳损之痰、失血患者使用它，反而会燥伤血液。应当禁用的情况又是多么严重啊。另外，世俗认为半夏性质燥烈有毒，多以贝母替代。哪里知道贝母是手太阴肺经的药物，仅适用于咳嗽吐痰、虚劳吐血、或痰中带血、各种郁结咽痛喉痹、肺痈肺痿痈疽、妇人乳痈等症状。这种情况下才适宜以贝母作为向导。如果是涎沫，那是脾的津液。美味厚味、炙烤爆炒的食物，都能产生脾胃湿热。令涎转化为痰。日久则痰火上攻，使人昏愦、口噤、偏瘫、僵仆、言语蹇涩。如果不是半夏，怎么能行湿利窍，通大便而利小便，使脾作为生痰之源、肺作为贮痰之器，各自得到滑泽安宁呢？另外世俗说半夏入方药中，只能治痰之标，不能治痰之本。哪里知道肾主五液化为五湿，进入体内成为唾，进入肝成为泣，进入心成为汗，进入脾成为痰，进入肺成为涕。半夏能流动湿润、燥湿化痰，无形的咳和有形的痰，都能荡涤清除。这难道不是通过泄肾来治痰之本吗？另外世俗说半夏的辛味，只能入肺散气。哪里知道止呕吐是足阳明胃经的药，除痰是足太阴脾经的剂。如在柴胡汤中使用它，虽然是为止呕，也能辅助柴胡、黄芩的清凉作用，主治寒热往来。这难道不是足少阳、足阳明经的对证药剂吗？然而热痰需佐以黄芩，风痰需佐以南星，寒痰需佐以干姜，痰痞需佐以陈皮、白术。用量过多则会泻脾胃。各种血证及口渴者则禁用。这又在于用药者的得当与否了。
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic. The medicinal property is floating and ascending, directing upwards to the Yangming channel.
[Indications]
Head wind pain (headache caused by wind pathogen). Blindness with corneal opacity. Opacity developing after smallpox recovery. Hemostasis. Its efficacy surpasses that of Chrysanthemum (Juhua).
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Cold phlegm and qi rebellion in the chest and diaphragm. Applied externally with vinegar for "Shegong" toxicity (an ancient term referring to skin diseases or poisoning caused by water insects or toxic vapors). Acidity enters the Lung channel; warmth disperses. It has the functions of regulating qi and resolving phlegm, warming the middle and stimulating appetite, dissipating swelling and relieving pain, and warding off foul odors. For phlegm fluid retained in the hypochondrium or between the skin and fascia, this herb is indispensable. It is used in the ancient formula Kongxian Dan based on this principle.
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic. The medicinal property is sinking and descending, belonging to yin within yang. It is a drug for the Qi aspect of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). (When used for regulating qi, it should only be used raw and must not be exposed to fire. To firm the large intestine, it should be stir-fried with flour until cooked.)
[Indications]
All kinds of qi stagnation pain in the heart and abdomen. Cold pain in the bladder. Vomiting, acid regurgitation, and retroflexion of the stomach. Chronic cold qi. Warm malaria (a type of intermittent fever) and gu poison. Women's blood and qi stabbing pain in the heart. Harmonizes the Stomach and drains the Lungs. Moves qi in the Liver channel. However, its nature is acrid and harsh, most capable of ascending. It is suitable for cases where qi depression fails to circulate. If yin fire rushes upward, it will instead assist the fire pathogen and should not be used. All kinds of qi stagnation belong to the Lung. When used for upper jiao qi stagnation, it follows the principle of "draining metal depression" (since the Lung belongs to Metal, stagnation requires unblocking). Middle qi failing to transport belongs to the Spleen. When used for middle jiao qi stagnation, it is because the Spleen and Stomach appreciate its aromatic fragrance. Large intestine qi stagnation leads to tenesmus; Bladder qi failure to transform leads to dribbling dysuria; Liver qi depression leads to pain. When used for lower jiao qi stagnation, it follows the principle of "unblocking obstruction."
[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, neutral, toxic. The medicinal property is sinking and descending, belonging to yin within yang. Enters the Hand-Yangming, Hand-Taiyin, and Hand-Shaoyin channels. (When harvesting Pinellia Rhizome, mix two taels of white mustard seed powder with three taels of strong vinegar, stir until turbid, and soak/wash the Pinellia to remove saliva/mucus. If mucus is not completely removed, it causes qi rebellion and liver qi anger/fullness. Another method for making yeast states: Use Pinellia as the main ingredient, add ginger juice and alum, mix with dry flour to form dough, wrap in paper mulberry leaves, place in a basket, wait for yellow mold to grow, sun-dry, and store for long-term use. This yields excellent quality herbs.)
[Indications]
Cold phlegm, and cough caused by external cold damaging the lungs due to drinking cold fluids. Spleen-Stomach dampness. Benefits Spleen-Stomach qi. Reduces swelling and dissipates nodules. Contraindicated when thirst is present. Nowadays, people only know that Pinellia resolves phlegm but does not tonify the Spleen. Who knows that the Spleen dislikes dampness? Dampness causes the Spleen to become soggy and stagnant, preventing it from transforming water. Pinellia's nature is acrid yet moistening, allowing the Spleen to have no residual dampness. Once dampness is removed, the Earth element naturally dries, and phlegm ceases to generate. How significant is its benefit to the Spleen! Furthermore, Zhu Danxi used Erchen Tang to treat phlegm throughout the body. Quack doctors rigidly adhere to this, assuming any case with phlegm is treated with this formula. They fail to realize that Erchen Tang is only suitable for phlegm caused by wind-cold, dampness, and food stagnation. Using it for consumptive phlegm or hemorrhage patients will instead dry and damage the blood. How critical are the contraindications! Additionally, common belief holds that Pinellia is drying and toxic, so it is often replaced by Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu). They do not realize that Fritillaria Bulb is a drug for the Hand-Taiyin Lung channel, suitable only for cough with sputum, consumptive hemoptysis, blood in sputum, various depressions causing sore throat and bi syndrome, lung abscess, lung萎 (flaccidity), carbuncles, and women's breast abscess. In such cases, Fritillaria Bulb should serve as a guide. Saliva is the fluid of the Spleen. Rich flavors, greasy foods, and roasted/fried items generate damp-heat in the Spleen and Stomach, transforming saliva into phlegm. Over time, phlegm-fire attacks upward, causing confusion, locked jaw, hemiplegia, collapse, and slurred speech. Without Pinellia, how can one move dampness and open orifices, promote bowel movements, and benefit urination, allowing the Spleen (source of phlegm) and Lungs (repository of phlegm) to remain smooth and at ease? Furthermore, popular opinion says Pinellia treats the branch of phlegm but not the root. They do not know that the Kidney governs the five fluids transforming into five dampnesses: entering the body as saliva, entering the Liver as tears, entering the Heart as sweat, entering the Spleen as phlegm, and entering the Lungs as nasal discharge. Pinellia can flow moisture and dry dampness, clearing both formless cough and formed phlegm. Is this not treating the root of phlegm by draining the Kidney? Also, popular saying claims Pinellia's acridity only enters the Lung to disperse qi. They do not know that stopping vomiting targets the Foot-Yangming channel, while resolving phlegm targets the Foot-Taiyin channel. When used in Chaihu Tang, although it stops vomiting, it also assists the cooling properties of Bupleurum Root (Chaihu) and Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) in treating alternating chills and fever. Is this not a specific agent for the Foot-Shaoyang and Foot-Yangming channels? However, for hot phlegm, it is assisted by Scutellaria Root; for wind phlegm, by Aconite Lateral Root Process (Nanxing); for cold phlegm, by Dried Ginger (Ganjiang); for phlegm痞 (fullness), by Tangerine Peel (Chenpi) and Atractylodes Rhizome (Baizhu). Excessive use drains the Spleen and Stomach. It is strictly contraindicated for all blood disorders and cases with thirst. This depends entirely on the appropriateness of the prescriber.