糯米泔浸，去赤汁用。忌铁。
辛，温，有毒。除腰脚之冷痹，祛心腹之冷气，助阳道而生子，添精髓而通神。聪耳明
目，
开胃消食，最安五脏，尤治虚劳。
生西域，今处处大山中有之。叶似茅，四五月抽茎四五寸，开小花深黄色。其根独茎而
直，
根相附，外皮稍粗褐色，内肉黄白色。二八月采根。
苦，辛，滑，寒，无毒。最消痈肿，甚下骨哽。
丛生下湿处。其根似蒜、薤而长。外有赤皮。冬月生叶似蒜、薤。春初抽茎如葱。茎头
开花
醋煮干，牛乳浸。
苦，辛，热，有毒。疗癞疾风痫，治肉痹拘急。熏虫牙而洗阴汗，止冷痢而收脱肛。安
心定
风，通神见鬼。
苦，酸，无毒。补中益气，祛寒除湿。解黄胆而通经，止风痹而活血。吐衄崩中，便血
诸血
诸伤。
生乔山川谷。二八月采根。今圃人亦作畦种莳。苗蔓生，方茎中空有筋，外有细刺，数
寸一
节，每节五叶，七八月开花。结实如小椒大，中有细子。
辛，温，无毒。散血降火，生肌解毒。消肿痈而解喉痹，除咳嗽而疗损伤。
出原州，夔、施、合州、江西、岭南亦有之。三月生苗叶，四月抽赤茎如壶芦蔓，六月
开白
花，八月结果，九月叶落枝折。根皮赤色，名白药子。
苦，平，无毒。凉血降火，消瘿解毒。
出岭南、夔、峡州郡及明、越、秦、陇山中，以忠州、万州者为胜。今处处人家种之。
茎高
二三尺，柔而有节，似藤，叶大如拳。其根外褐内黄，亦有黄赤色者。
用糯米淘米水浸泡，去除红色的汁液后使用。忌用铁器。
味辛，性温，有毒。能消除腰脚部位的冷痹症，驱散心腹部的冷气，助益性功能并促进生育，补充精髓并通利神明。使耳聪目明，开胃消食，最能安养五脏，尤其擅长治疗虚劳病。
产于西域，如今在各地的大山中都有生长。叶子像茅草，四五月间抽出四五寸高的茎，开出深黄色的小花。其根为独茎且直立，根部相互依附，外皮稍粗糙呈褐色，内部肉质为黄白色。农历二月和八月采集根部。
味苦、辛，质地滑润，性寒，无毒。最能消散痈肿，非常有助于排出卡在骨头里的鱼刺或骨刺。
丛生在潮湿的地方。根部形状像蒜头或藠头但更长。外面有红色的皮。冬天长出叶子，形状像蒜或藠头。春初抽出茎，形状像葱。茎顶开花。
用醋煮干，或用牛乳浸泡。
味苦、辛，性热，有毒。治疗癞疾（麻风病等）和风痫（癫痫），治疗肌肉痹症引起的拘挛紧急。熏治虫牙痛并清洗阴部汗出，止住冷痢并收敛脱肛。安定心神，平息肝风，通利神明甚至产生幻觉。
味苦、酸，无毒。补益中气，益气力，驱散寒气，除湿邪。解除黄疸并疏通经络，止住风痹并活血。治疗吐血、衄血、崩漏、便血等各种出血症状以及各种外伤。
生长在高山峡谷地带。农历二月和八月采集根部。如今园丁也将其种植在田垄上。幼苗蔓生，茎方形中空且有筋络，外表有细刺，几寸长一个节，每个节有五片叶子，七八月开花。结出的果实像小花椒那么大，里面含有细小的种子。
味辛，性温，无毒。散瘀血，降火气，生肌解毒。消肿痈并解除喉痹，消除咳嗽并治疗损伤。
出产于原州，夔州、施州、合州、江西、岭南等地也有生长。三月生出苗叶，四月抽出红色的茎，像葫芦蔓一样，六月开白花，八月结果实，九月叶子落下枝条折断。根部外皮呈赤色，名为白药子。
味苦，性平，无毒。凉血降火，消散瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等），解毒。
出产于岭南、夔州、峡州郡以及明州、越州、秦州、陇山等地的山中，以忠州、万州出产的质量最佳。如今家家户户都在种植。茎高二三尺，柔软而有节，像藤蔓，叶子大如拳头。根部外部褐色内部黄色，也有黄红色相间的。
Soak in rice washing water, remove the red juice, and use. Avoid iron.
Pungent, warm, toxic. Eliminates cold bi-syndrome (painful obstruction due to cold) of the waist and legs, dispels cold qi from the heart and abdomen, assists yang function and promotes fertility, replenishes essence and spirit, enhances hearing and vision, opens the stomach and aids digestion, most effectively calms the five zang organs, and is especially effective for treating deficiency consumption.
Native to the Western Regions, now found in large mountains everywhere. Leaves resemble cogon grass; in April and May, stems four to five cun long emerge, bearing small deep-yellow flowers. The root has a single upright stem, with roots adhering to each other; the outer skin is slightly coarse and brownish, while the inner flesh is yellowish-white. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months.
Bitter, pungent, slippery, cold, non-toxic. Most effective in resolving carbuncles and swellings, and very useful for expelling bone splinters or fish bones stuck in the throat.
Grows in clusters in damp places. The root resembles garlic or Chinese leek but is longer. It has a reddish outer skin. Leaves resembling garlic or Chinese leek grow in winter. In early spring, stems emerge like scallions, flowering at the tips.
Boil dry with vinegar, or soak in cow's milk.
Bitter, pungent, hot, toxic. Treats leprosy and wind epilepsy, manages muscle bi-syndrome with stiffness and spasm. Fumigate for toothache caused by worms and wash for excessive sweating in the genital area; stop cold dysentery and retract prolapsed rectum. Calms the mind, pacifies wind, clears the spirit, and may induce visions.
Bitter, sour, non-toxic. Tonifies the middle jiao and boosts qi, dispels cold and removes dampness. Resolves jaundice and unblocks meridians, stops wind-bi and invigorates blood. Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, hematochezia, various bleeding disorders, and traumatic injuries.
Grows in high mountains and valleys. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months. Now also cultivated by gardeners in raised beds. The seedlings climb; the stem is square, hollow, with fibrous veins, covered with fine prickles, jointed every few inches, with five leaves per node. Flowers bloom in July and August. Fruit resembles small peppercorns, containing fine seeds inside.
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Disperses blood stasis, descends fire, generates flesh, and resolves toxicity. Reduces swelling and carbuncles, relieves throat bi, eliminates cough, and treats trauma.
Originates from Yuanzhou; also found in Kuizhou, Shizhou, Hezhou, Jiangxi, and Lingnan. Seedlings and leaves emerge in March; red stems like gourd vines shoot up in April; white flowers bloom in June; fruit forms in August; leaves fall and branches break in September. The root bark is reddish, known as Baiyaobi (White Medicine Root).
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Cools blood, descends fire, resolves goiter, and detoxifies.
Found in Lingnan, Kuizhou, Xiazhou Commandery, and mountains of Mingzhou, Yuezhou, Qinzhou, and Longshan; those from Zhongzhou and Wanzhou are considered superior. Now widely cultivated by households. Stems are two to three chi high, flexible yet jointed, resembling vines; leaves are as large as a fist. Roots are brown externally and yellow internally, sometimes with yellow-red hues.