苦，寒，无毒。补肝胆，浓肠胃，除骨蒸，退心热。三消五痔悉疗，泻痢温疟亦治。
平小儿
出波斯国，苗若夏枯草。今南海及秦陇亦有之。初生似芦，干则似杨柳枯枝，心黑外黄，
不
拘时采，折之尘出如烟者真也。
小儿潮热，往来盗汗，同柴胡蜜丸服。（验方第一。）
小儿腹胀，疳热发焦，同灵脂末，猪胆丸服。（第二。）
五心烦热，米汤下末。（第三。）
小儿疳疾泻，同干姜末，甘草汤下。（第四。）
小儿自汗盗汗，潮热往来，同柴胡蜜丸服。（第五。）
小儿黄胆，同黄连各一两，将黄瓜去瓤，入药在内，面包煨熟，去面，捣丸绿豆大，白
汤下。（第六。）
小儿目赤，茶合敷足心。（第七。）
吐衄血，同生地猪胆合丸，茅根汤下。（第八。）
血痢不已，同乌梅、灶心土末服。（第九。）
热痢腹痛，丸服。（第十。）
痈毒已溃未溃，同穿山甲、茶合敷之。（十一。）
伤寒劳复身热，二便如血，同蜜炙山栀，猪胆丸服。（十二。）
得酒上行，得胆汁入肝胆，得柴胡退寒热，得白芍治痢，得桑皮泻肺火，得白术安
胎。山茱萸、龙骨为使，恶葱实，畏丹砂、藜芦。
苦，寒，无毒。除一切热，解诸般淋。血痢腹痛，火嗽喉腥。泻中焦实火，退脾家湿热，
清
火安胎，逐水解渴，利胸气，消膈痰，疗黄胆，治血闭。兼清肌表郁热，最除往来寒热，平
痈疽疮疡，退目赤肿痛。腹痛因寒者忌之。脉迟者忌之。
生建平、兖州川谷，今出宜州、 州、泾州者佳。苗长尺余，茎干粗如箸，叶从地四面
作丛
，类紫草。亦有独茎者，叶细长青色，两两相对，六月开紫花。中枯而飘者名枯芩，即今所
谓片芩也，泻肺利气，除风热，清肌表宜之。细实而坚者名子芩，即今所谓条芩也，泻大肠
火，养阴退阳，补膀胱寒水，滋其化源宜之。
身如火燎，燥渴昼盛，水煎两服。（验方第一。）
老小火丹，为末水合敷之。（第二。）
灸疮出血∶一人灸疮，血出不止，肢冷欲绝，酒服黄芩末二钱立愈。（第三。）
产后渴，同麦冬煎服。（第四。）
常服安胎，同白术丸服。（第五。）
崩血，为末，每一钱，霹雳酒下。称锤烧赤，淬酒是也。（第六。）
老妇止经，米醋浸，焙干再浸，如此七次，醋丸服。（第七。）
血淋热痛，水煎一两分服。（第八。）
吐衄下血，水煎三两分服。（第九。）
妇人漏血，同上。（第十。）
吐衄血，末服三钱。（十一。）
眉眶痛，同白芷为末，茶下。（十二。）
少阳头痛，亦治太阳，为末，酒下一钱。（十三。）
小儿惊啼，同参末服。（十四。）
肺中有火，丸服。（十五。）
黄芩汤 黄芩 白芍 甘草 大枣（各三钱）
治太少合病，自下痢，热痢臭粘者。此症身热脉数，夏秋间受则脓血交迫，成暑热痢也。
（诸方第一。）
味苦，性寒，无毒。能补益肝胆，厚壮肠胃，清除骨蒸劳热，消退心经虚热。各种消渴病（以多饮、多食、多尿、消瘦为特征的疾病）和五种痔疮均可治疗，泄泻痢疾及温疟也能治愈。
主治小儿病症：
1. 小儿潮热（定时发热），往来盗汗（睡眠中出汗），与柴胡制成蜜丸服用。（验方第一。）
2. 小儿腹胀，疳积发热导致毛发焦枯，与五灵脂粉末混合，用猪胆汁制丸服用。（第二。）
3. 五心烦热（两手心、两足心及心胸烦热），用米汤送服粉末。（第三。）
4. 小儿疳疾引起的腹泻，与干姜粉末混合，用甘草汤送服。（第四。）
5. 小儿自汗（白天不因劳累或炎热而自然出汗）盗汗，潮热往来，与柴胡制成蜜丸服用。（第五。）
6. 小儿黄疸，将黄芩与黄连各一两放入去瓤的黄瓜中，外面用面糊包裹煨熟，去掉面皮，捣碎制成如绿豆大小的药丸，用白开水送服。（第六。）
7. 小儿目赤肿痛，将药末与茶汁调和敷于足心。（第七。）
8. 吐血衄血（鼻出血），与生地黄、猪胆汁混合制丸，用白茅根汤送服。（第八。）
9. 血痢不止，与乌梅、灶心土粉末混合服用。（第九。）
10. 热痢腹痛，制成丸剂服用。（第十。）
11. 痈疽毒疮无论已溃或未溃，与穿山甲粉末、茶汁调和外敷。（第十一。）
12. 伤寒病愈后因劳累复发导致身热，大小便带血，与蜜炙山栀混合，用猪胆汁制丸服用。（第十二。）
配伍特性：遇酒则药力上行，遇胆汁则入肝胆经，遇柴胡可退寒热，遇白芍可治痢疾，遇桑白皮可泻肺火，遇白术可安胎。以山茱萸、龙骨为引经药，忌与葱实同用，畏丹砂、藜芦。
【另一段描述】
味苦，性寒，无毒。能清除一切热邪，解除各种淋证（小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛）。血痢腹痛，火热咳嗽伴咽喉腥臭。清泻中焦实火，消退脾经湿热，清热安胎，逐水消肿解渴，利胸膈之气，消除膈间痰浊，治疗黄疸，通治血闭。兼清肌表郁热，最擅长治疗往来寒热，平复痈疽疮疡，消退目赤肿痛。若腹痛因寒所致者忌用。脉象迟缓者忌用。
产地与形态：生于建平、兖州的山谷中，现在宜州、[缺字]州、泾州出产的质量最佳。苗高一尺有余，茎干粗如筷子，叶子从地面四面丛生，类似紫草。也有单茎生长的，叶子细长呈青色，两两相对，六月开紫花。中间枯萎飘摇的称为“枯芩”，即现今所谓的片芩，善于泻肺利气，除风热，清肌表之热适宜使用。细小坚实者称为“子芩”，即现今所谓的条芩，善于泻大肠之火，养阴退阳，补膀胱寒水，滋生化之源适宜使用。
【验方】
1. 身体如火烧般燥热，口渴白天加重，用水煎煮分两次服用。（验方第一。）
2. 老幼患火丹（一种急性皮肤炎症），研为粉末，用水调和外敷。（第二。）
3. 灸疮出血：一人灸后疮口出血不止，四肢冰冷欲绝，用酒送服黄芩粉末二钱，立即痊愈。（第三。）
4. 产后口渴，与麦冬一起煎服。（第四。）
5. 常服可安胎，与白术制成丸剂服用。（第五。）
6. 崩漏下血，研为粉末，每次一钱，用霹雳酒送服。所谓霹雳酒，是将秤锤烧红后淬入酒中制成的。（第六。）
7. 老年妇女月经停止，用米醋浸泡，焙干后再浸，如此七次，制成醋丸服用。（第七。）
8. 血淋热痛，用水煎煮一两，分次服用。（第八。）
9. 吐血、衄血、便血，用水煎煮三两，分次服用。（第九。）
10. 妇人漏下血色，同上法服用。（第十。）
11. 吐血衄血，研末服用三钱。（第十一。）
12. 眉眶疼痛，与白芷研末，用茶送服。（第十二。）
13. 少阳头痛，亦治太阳头痛，研末，用酒送服一钱。（第十三。）
14. 小儿惊啼，与人参粉末混合服用。（第十四。）
15. 肺中有火，制成丸剂服用。（第十五。）
黄芩汤：由黄芩、白芍、甘草、大枣（各三钱）组成。
治疗太阳少阳合病，出现自发性下痢，热痢气味臭秽粘稠者。此症表现为身热脉数，若在夏秋季节感受邪气，则脓血交迫，形成暑热痢。（诸方第一。）
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. It tonifies the Liver and Gallbladder, thickens the intestines and stomach, eliminates bone-steaming fever (a sensation of heat emanating from the bones, often associated with yin deficiency), and reduces heart-heat. It treats all types of Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst syndrome characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and emaciation) and five types of hemorrhoids; it also treats dysentery and warm malaria.
Pediatric indications:
1. For children with tidal fever (fever occurring at regular intervals) and night sweats (sweating during sleep), combine with Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) and form honey pills. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
2. For pediatric abdominal distension and Gan accumulation fever causing brittle hair, mix with Wu Ling Zhi powder (Trogopteri Dung) and form pills using pig bile. (No. 2.)
3. For five-palm heat (distressing heat in the two palms, two soles, and chest), take the powder with rice soup. (No. 3.)
4. For pediatric Gan disease diarrhea, mix with Gan Jiang powder (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and take with Licorice decoction. (No. 4.)
5. For spontaneous sweating (daytime sweating without exertion or heat) and night sweats in children, along with tidal fever, combine with Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) and form honey pills. (No. 5.)
6. For pediatric jaundice, place Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), one tael each, into a cucumber with its core removed. Wrap in dough and bake until cooked. Remove the dough, mash, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take with plain water. (No. 6.)
7. For red eyes in children, mix the powder with tea and apply to the soles of the feet. (No. 7.)
8. For hematemesis and epistaxis, mix with Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) and pig bile to form pills. Take with White Reed Rhizome decoction. (No. 8.)
9. For persistent bloody dysentery, take with Mei Zi powder (Mume Fructus) and Zao Xin Tu powder (Caolin). (No. 9.)
10. For hot dysentery with abdominal pain, take as pills. (No. 10.)
11. For carbuncles and sores, whether ulcerated or not, mix with Shan Jia Qiong (Pangolin Scales) powder and tea juice for external application. (No. 11.)
12. For recurrence of fever after recovery from Shang Han (Cold Damage) due to overexertion, accompanied by blood in urine and stool, mix with Honey-fried Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) and form pills using pig bile. (No. 12.)
Compatibility: With wine, its action ascends; with gallbladder bile, it enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians; with Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), it resolves chills and fever; with Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), it treats dysentery; with Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex), it drains Lung fire; with Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), it calms the fetus. Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus) and Long Gu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) serve as guiding herbs. It is incompatible with Cong Shi (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) and fears Dan Sha (Cinnabaris) and Li Lu (Veratri Radix).
[Alternative Description]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. It clears all heat pathogens and resolves various Lin syndromes (dysuria characterized by frequency, urgency, and painful dribbling). It treats bloody dysentery with abdominal pain, fiery cough with foul throat odor. It purges excess fire in the Middle Jiao, clears damp-heat in the Spleen, clears heat to calm the fetus, promotes urination to relieve thirst, benefits the Qi of the chest, eliminates phlegm in the diaphragm, treats jaundice, and resolves blood obstruction. It also clears stagnant heat in the muscle layer, is most effective for alternating chills and fever, soothes carbuncles and sores, and reduces redness and swelling of the eyes. Contraindicated for abdominal pain caused by cold. Contraindicated for those with a slow pulse.
Origin and Morphology: Grows in valleys of Jianping and Yanzhou. Those from Yizhou, [missing character]zhou, and Jingzhou are considered superior. The seedling is over a chi long, the stem is as thick as a chopstick, and leaves grow in clusters from the ground in four directions, resembling Zi Cao (Arnebiae Radix seu Rubra). Some have a single stem, with slender, bright green leaves arranged oppositely, blooming purple flowers in June. Those that are hollow and withered in the center are called "Ku Qin" (Withered Scutellaria), also known today as Pian Qin (Slice Scutellaria); they are suitable for draining Lung Qi, dispelling wind-heat, and clearing surface heat. Those that are fine, solid, and hard are called "Zi Qin" (Seed Scutellaria), also known today as Tiao Qin (Strip Scutellaria); they are suitable for draining Large Intestine fire, nourishing Yin, retreating Yang, tonifying Cold Water of the Bladder, and nourishing the source of transformation.
[Verified Formulas]
1. For body feeling like burning, dryness, and thirst worsening during the day, decoct in water and take twice. (Verified Formula No. 1.)
2. For erysipelas (Huo Dan) in elderly and infants, grind into powder, mix with water, and apply externally. (No. 2.)
3. Bleeding from moxibustion wounds: A patient had continuous bleeding from a moxa wound, cold limbs, and impending death. Taking two qian of Huang Qin powder with wine cured him immediately. (No. 3.)
4. For postpartum thirst, decoct with Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and take. (No. 4.)
5. Regular use calms the fetus; take with Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) as pills. (No. 5.)
6. For metrorrhagia (profuse uterine bleeding), grind into powder, take one qian each time with "Lei Li Jiu" (Thunderbolt Wine). Lei Li Jiu is made by quenching a red-hot weight in wine. (No. 6.)
7. For amenorrhea in elderly women, soak in rice vinegar, bake dry, then soak again; repeat seven times, and form vinegar pills. (No. 7.)
8. For hot and painful bloody Lin syndrome, decoct one liang in water and take in divided doses. (No. 8.)
9. For hematemesis, epistaxis, and lower bleeding, decoct three liang in water and take in divided doses. (No. 9.)
10. For leukorrhea with blood in women, same as above. (No. 10.)
11. For hematemesis and epistaxis, take three qian of powder. (No. 11.)
12. For pain in the brow and orbit, mix with Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) powder and take with tea. (No. 12.)
13. For Shaoyang headache, also treats Taiyang headache, grind into powder, take one qian with wine. (No. 13.)
14. For infantile fright crying, mix with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) powder and take. (No. 14.)
15. For fire in the lungs, take as pills. (No. 15.)
Huang Qin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction): Composed of Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) (each three qian).
Treats concurrent diseases of Taiyang and Shaoyang, presenting with spontaneous dysentery, specifically hot dysentery with foul, sticky stool. This condition presents with fever and rapid pulse; if contracted in summer and autumn, pus and blood mix, forming Summer-Heat Dysentery. (Formulas No. 1.)