（山草）入肠明厥阴血分化而为水
三七（专入肝胃。兼入心大肠。又名山漆。时珍曰。或云能合金疮。如漆粘物也。）甘
苦微寒
而温。世人仅知功能止血住痛。殊不知痛因血瘀则痛作。血因敷散则血止。三七气味苦温。
能于血分化其血瘀。试以诸血之中入以三七。则血旋化为水矣。此非红花紫草类也。故凡金
刃刀剪所作。及跌仆杖疮血出不止。嚼烂涂之。或为末渗其血。即止。（时珍曰。受杖时。
先服一二钱。则血不冲。杖后尤宜服之。）且以吐血衄血。下血血痢。崩漏经水不止。产后
恶露不下。俱宜自嚼。或为末。米饮送下即愈。并虎咬蛇伤血出可治。（与血竭同。）此为阳
明厥阴血分之药。故能治一切血病。一种庭砌栽植者。以苗捣敷。肿毒即消。亦取散血之意
。（一种春生苗。夏高三四尺。叶似菊艾，而劲浓有岐尖。茎有赤棱。夏秋开黄花。蕊如金
丝。盘纽可爱。而气不香。花干则吐絮如苦英絮。根叶味甘。治金疮跌伤出血。及上下血病
甚效。云是三七。而根大如牛蒡根。与南中来者不类。恐是刘寄奴之属。甚易繁衍。）广产
形如人参者是。（时珍曰。此药近时出自南人军中。用为金疮要药。云有奇功。）有节非。研
用良。
（蔓草）入心包肝行血 茜根可染
茜草（专入心包肝）。味酸咸寒。色赤。功用略有似于紫草。但紫草则止入肝凉血。使
血自为
通活。此则能入肝与心包。使血必为走泄也。故凡经闭风痹黄胆。（疸有黄胆谷疸酒疸黄汗
女劳疸。皆有寒湿热湿之别。此则专就蓄血以论。大抵寒湿宜用茵陈附子茵陈四逆。热湿宜
用栀子大黄。血瘀宜用桃仁承气之类。）因于瘀血内阻者。服之固能使瘀下行。如值吐崩尿
血。因于血滞而见艰涩不快者。服之更能逐瘀血止。总皆除瘀去血之品。与于紫草血热则凉
之意。貌同实异。不可混也。但血虚发热者忌用。根可染绛。忌铁。
三七（专入肝、胃经，兼入心、大肠经。又名山漆。李时珍说：有人说它能粘合金疮，就像漆粘合物体一样。）味甘、苦，性微寒而偏温。世人只知道它有止血止痛的功效，却不知道疼痛是因为血瘀所致，血瘀消散则疼痛停止；血液因为敷散（化瘀）才能凝固止血。三七的气味苦温，能够在血分中化解瘀血。试将三七加入各种出血情况中，血液随即化为水状而止住。这不同于红花、紫草这类药物。因此，凡是金属利器或剪刀造成的创伤，以及跌打损伤、杖刑导致的伤口出血不止，嚼烂外涂，或者研成粉末撒在伤口上，出血立即停止。（李时珍说：受杖刑时，先服用一两钱，则血液不会冲逆上行，杖刑后尤其适宜服用它。）此外，对于吐血、鼻衄、便血、血痢、崩漏及月经淋漓不尽、产后恶露不下等情况，都适宜自行咀嚼，或者研成末，用米汤送服即可痊愈。甚至包括被老虎咬伤、蛇咬伤出血的情况也可以治疗。（可与血竭同用。）这是属于阳明、厥阴血分的药物，所以能治疗一切血证。有一种在庭院台阶旁种植的三七，用其嫩苗捣碎外敷，肿毒即可消除，也是取其散血的意思。（这种植物春天生苗，夏天长高三四尺，叶子像菊花和艾草，但质地强劲浓密且有尖刺，茎有赤色棱边，夏秋开黄花，花蕊像金丝一样盘绕可爱，但没有香气，花朵干枯后吐絮像苦菜的絮。根叶味甘，治疗金疮跌打损伤出血，以及上下身各种血证非常有效。声称是三七，但根部大得像牛蒡根，与从南方来的品种不类似，恐怕是刘寄奴这一类的植物，非常容易繁殖。）广西出产的，形状像人参的那种才是正宗的。（李时珍说：这种药最近出自南方人的军队中，作为治疗金疮的要药，据说有奇效。）有节纹的，研末使用效果良好。
茜草（专入心包、肝经）。味酸、咸，性寒。颜色赤红。功效略微类似于紫草。但是紫草只入肝经凉血，使血液自然通畅活泼；而茜草能入肝经与心包经，使血液必然向外走泄发散。因此，凡是因瘀血内阻导致的闭经、风痹、黄疸。（黄疸分为黄胆、谷疸、酒疸、黄汗、女劳疸等，都有寒湿、热湿的区别。这里专门论述蓄血的情况。大致来说，寒湿适宜用茵陈附子汤、茵陈四逆汤；热湿适宜用栀子大黄汤；血瘀适宜用桃仁承气汤之类。）服用茜草确实能使瘀血下行；如果遇到吐血、崩漏、尿血，是因为血液滞涩导致排泄艰难不畅的情况，服用茜草更能驱逐瘀血从而止血。总之，这些都是祛除瘀血、清理陈旧血液的药物，与紫草针对血热而具有凉血之意，虽然外观相似实则不同，不可混淆。但是血虚发热者忌用。根部可以染深红色。忌接触铁器。
(Shrub-like herbs) Enter the Large Intestine, penetrate deeply into the Jueyin Blood level, and transform blood stasis into fluid.
Sanqi (Panax notoginseng Root) (Specifically enters the Liver and Stomach meridians, also enters the Heart and Large Intestine meridians. Also known as Shanqi. Li Shizhen stated: Some say it can bind metal wounds like lacquer binds objects.) Sweet and bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature but leaning towards warm. People generally only know its function to stop bleeding and relieve pain, not realizing that pain arises from blood stasis; when blood stasis dissipates, pain ceases; and blood stops flowing because it is dispersed (stasis resolved). Sanqi has a bitter and warm aroma/flavor, capable of resolving blood stasis within the Blood level. If one tests by adding Sanqi to various bleeding conditions, the blood immediately transforms into water-like consistency and stops. This differs from herbs such as Honghua (Carthamus tinctorius Flower) and Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Rhizoma). Therefore, for any injuries caused by metal blades or scissors, as well as traumatic injuries or beating wounds where bleeding does not stop, chewing it fresh for topical application, or grinding it into powder and sprinkling it on the wound, will immediately stop the bleeding. (Li Shizhen said: When receiving beatings, taking one or two qian beforehand prevents blood from rushing upward; it is especially suitable to take after the beating.) Furthermore, for hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, postpartum lochia retention, self-chewing or taking as powder with rice water decoction leads to recovery. It can even treat bites from tigers or snakes with bleeding. (Can be used together with Xuexie [Dracaena Cochinchinensis Stem].) This is an herb belonging to the Yangming and Jueyin Blood levels, thus capable of treating all blood disorders. There is a variety planted in courtyards; applying mashed young leaves topically eliminates swelling and toxicity, also utilizing its blood-dispersing property. (This plant sprouts in spring, grows three to four chi tall in summer, leaves resemble Chrysanthemum and Artemisia argyi but are stronger, denser, and have sharp tips; stems have red ridges; blooms yellow flowers in summer and autumn with golden-thread-like stamens that coil attractively but lack fragrance; dried flowers shed fluff similar to Sonchus fluff. Roots and leaves are sweet in taste, highly effective for metal wounds, traumatic injuries with bleeding, and upper/lower body blood disorders. Claimed to be Sanqi, but roots are as large as Arctii Lappa Radix, unlike varieties from the South, likely belonging to Liu Jinu [Artemisia japonica] species, which propagates easily.) The authentic variety produced in Guangxi resembles Ginseng. (Li Shizhen said: This medicine recently came from southern armies, used as a key herb for metal wounds, reportedly with miraculous effects.) Those with nodes are best when ground into powder.
(Vining herbs) Enter the Pericardium and Liver meridians, promote blood circulation. Qiancao root can be used for dyeing.
Qiancao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix et Rhizoma) (Specifically enters the Pericardium and Liver meridians). Sour and salty in taste, cold in nature. Red in color. Its functions are somewhat similar to Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Rhizoma). However, Zicao only enters the Liver meridian to cool blood, allowing blood to flow naturally and freely; whereas Qiancao enters the Liver and Pericardium meridians, causing blood to necessarily move outward and disperse. Therefore, for amenorrhea, wind-bi syndrome, and jaundice caused by internal blood stasis obstruction, taking Qiancao indeed enables stasis to descend downward. In cases of hematemesis, metrorrhagia, or hematuria where difficulty and sluggishness occur due to blood stagnation, taking Qiancao further expels blood stasis and stops bleeding. In summary, these are agents that remove stasis and clear old blood. Although they appear similar to Zicao's cooling intent for blood heat, their true natures differ, and they must not be confused. However, they are contraindicated in cases of blood deficiency with fever. The root can be used to dye crimson. Iron should be avoided.