（乔木）凉血破瘀
苏木（专入心胃）。甘咸辛凉。功用有类红花。少用则能和血。多用则能破血。但红花
性微温
和。此则性微寒凉也。故凡病因表里风起。而致血滞不行。暨产后血晕胀满以死。及血痛血
瘕。经闭气壅痈肿。跌扑损伤等症。皆宜相症合以他药调治。如疏风则与防风同用。行血则
与乳香同用。（海药方）但性平疏泄。产后恶露已尽。大便不实者。均应禁用。出苏方交爱。
（交州爱州）忌铁。
（香木）入心破血宣瘀止痛
没药（专入心。兼入肝。）苦平兼辛。诸书亦载能补心胆与肝。盖谓瘀血不除。则新血
安生。
乳香气味辛温。既能行气活血。又有没药之苦以破其瘀。则推陈致新。自有补益之妙。（宗
曰。没药大概通滞血。血滞则气壅瘀。气壅瘀则经络满急。经络满急故痛且肿。凡打扑
跌
。皆伤经络。气血不行。瘀壅作肿痛也。）是以古方。乳香必同没药兼施。（生肌散每每相兼
而用。）谓其可止疼痛。义由此也。今人不明药品气味。动以书载补益。岂不误甚？出南香
色赤类琥珀者良。治同乳香。
（灌木）入脾下气行水破血
郁李（专入脾。兼入膀胱大肠）。世人多合胡麻同用。以为润燥通便之需。然胡麻功止
润燥。
暖中活血。非若郁仁性润。其味辛甘与苦。而能入脾下气。行水破血之剂也。故凡水肿癃急
便闭。关格不通。得此体润则滑。味辛则散。味苦则降。与胡麻实异。而又可以相需为用者
也。（按宋史钱乙传云。一乳妇因悸而病。既已目张不得瞑。乙曰煮郁李酒饮之。使醉即
愈。所以然者。目系内连肝胆。恐则气结胆横不下。郁李仁去结。随酒入胆。结去胆下。则
目能瞑矣。此盖得肯綮之妙者也！）然此止属治标之剂。多服恐渗液而益燥结不解耳。去皮
尖。蜜浸研。
（乔木类药材）具有凉血、破除瘀血的功效。
苏木（主要归入心经和胃经）。味甘、咸，性辛、凉。其功效与红花类似。少量使用时能够调和血液，大量使用时则能破除瘀血。但红花的药性微温且平和，而苏木的药性则是微寒凉的。因此，凡是因表里之风邪引发导致血液停滞不行的病症，以及产后血晕、腹部胀满甚至危及生命的状况，还有血痛、血瘕（腹内结块）、月经闭止、气机壅滞、痈肿、跌打损伤等症，都应当根据具体症状配合其他药物进行调治。例如，需要疏风时可与防风同用；需要行血时可与乳香同用。（出自《海药方》）但是苏木药性平和且具有疏泄作用，对于产后恶露已经排尽、大便不成形者，均应禁用。苏木产自苏方交爱（即今越南的交州和爱州地区）。忌与铁器接触。
（香木类药材）入心经，破除瘀血，宣通瘀滞，止痛。
没药（主要归入心经，兼入肝经）。味苦，性平，兼有辛味。各种医书也记载它能补益心、胆和肝。这大概是认为瘀血不去除，新血就无法生成的缘故。乳香气味辛温，既能行气活血，又有没药的苦味来破除瘀血，从而推陈出新，自然产生补益的妙用。（李杲说：没药大致能疏通滞血。血滞则气机壅滞瘀阻，气机壅滞瘀阻则经络充满急迫，经络充满急迫所以疼痛且肿胀。凡是跌打损伤，都会伤及经络，导致气血运行不畅，瘀血壅滞而产生肿痛。）因此古方中，乳香必定与没药同时使用。（如生肌散常常两者兼用。）说是它们可以停止疼痛，道理就在这里。现在的人不明白药品的性味，动不动就说书上记载有补益作用，这难道不是很大的错误吗？出产于南香，颜色赤红像琥珀的是上品。治疗作用与乳香相同。
（灌木类药材）入脾经，下气，行水，破血。
郁李（主要归入脾经，兼入膀胱经和大肠经）。世人多将其与胡麻一同使用，认为是润燥通便的需要。然而胡麻的功效仅限于润燥、暖中、活血，并不像郁李仁那样性润，其味辛甘兼苦，是能入脾经下气、行水、破血的药剂。因此，凡是水肿、小便急迫闭塞、关格不通（大小便俱闭）等症，得到它质地润滑则滑利，味道辛则发散，味道苦则下降，这与胡麻确实不同，但又可以相互依赖配合使用。（按《宋史·钱乙传》记载：有一位乳母因为惊恐而生病，已经眼睛睁着无法入睡。钱乙说煮郁李酒给她喝，让她醉了就痊愈了。之所以这样，是因为目系内部连接肝胆，恐惧则气机郁结，胆气横逆不下。郁李仁能去除郁结，随着酒力进入胆经，郁结去除，胆气下行，眼睛就能闭合入睡了。这大概是抓住了关键要害的妙处啊！）然而这仅仅属于治标的药剂，多服恐怕会渗泄津液而导致更加干燥结聚不解。需去皮尖，用蜂蜜浸泡后研碎。
(Tree) Cooling blood and resolving stasis.
Suxmu (Red Sandalwood Wood, *Pterocarpus santalinus*) (Primarily enters the Heart and Stomach meridians). Sweet, salty, acrid, and cool in nature. Its functions are similar to those of Honghua (Carthamus Flower). In small doses, it harmonizes the blood; in large doses, it breaks blood stasis. However, while Honghua is slightly warm and mild, Suxmu is slightly cold and cool. Therefore, for conditions caused by wind pathogens affecting the exterior and interior leading to stagnant blood, as well as postpartum blood syncope, abdominal distension and fullness potentially fatal, blood pain, Xuejia (blood masses), amenorrhea, Qi stagnation, carbuncles and sores, and traumatic injuries, treatment should be tailored to the specific symptoms using combinations with other herbs. For instance, when dispersing wind, it is used with Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root); when promoting blood circulation, it is used with Ruxiang (Olibanum). (From *Haiyao Fang*). However, due to its neutral nature and draining properties, it is strictly contraindicated for patients whose lochia has cleared after childbirth or who suffer from loose stools. It originates from Su Fang Jiao Ai (Jiao and Ai prefectures in modern-day Vietnam). Iron contact is prohibited.
(Aromatic Tree) Entering the Heart meridian to break blood stasis, unblock collaterals, and relieve pain.
Moyao (Olibanum, *Boswellia carterii* or related species) (Primarily enters the Heart meridian, also enters the Liver meridian). Bitter, neutral, with acrid characteristics. Various texts record that it can tonify the Heart, Gallbladder, and Liver. This is likely based on the principle that if blood stasis is not removed, new blood cannot be generated. Ruxiang (Frankincense) has an acrid and warm aroma; it moves Qi and invigorates blood. Combined with the bitter property of Moyao to resolve stasis, it eliminates the old and generates the new, thereby achieving a tonifying effect. (Li Gao stated: Moyao generally unblocks stagnant blood. Blood stagnation leads to Qi obstruction and stasis; Qi obstruction and stasis cause fullness and tension in the collaterals; fullness and tension in the collaterals result in pain and swelling. All traumatic injuries damage the collaterals, causing Qi and blood stagnation, leading to swelling and pain due to stasis and obstruction.) Hence, in ancient prescriptions, Ruxiang is always used together with Moyao. (For example, Shengji San often combines both.) The rationale is their ability to alleviate pain. Modern practitioners who fail to understand the flavors and natures of medicinal materials often mistakenly assume that any herb recorded as having tonifying effects is indeed a tonic, which is a significant error. The best quality comes from Nanxiang, appearing reddish like amber. Its therapeutic actions are identical to those of Ruxiang.
(Shrub) Entering the spleen to direct Qi downward, promote water metabolism, and break blood stasis.
Yuli (Prunus japonica Seed) (Primarily enters the spleen meridian, also enters the Bladder and Large Intestine meridians). People often use it together with Huma (Sesame Seed), believing it necessary for moistening dryness and unblocking bowels. However, Huma’s function is limited to moistening dryness, warming the middle, and invigorating blood. It does not resemble Yuren (Yuli seed) in its moistening nature. Yuren is acrid, sweet, and bitter, capable of entering the spleen to direct Qi downward, promote water metabolism, and break blood stasis. Therefore, for conditions such as edema, urgent urinary retention, Guan Ge (obstruction of both upper and lower orifices, i.e., vomiting and constipation), its lubricating texture provides slipperiness, its acrid flavor disperses, and its bitter flavor descends. This differs substantially from Huma, yet they can complement each other. (According to the biography of Qian Yi in the *History of Song*: A nursing mother fell ill due to palpitations and fright, resulting in inability to close her eyes or sleep. Qian Yi prescribed decocted Yuli in wine until intoxication, after which she recovered. The reason is that the visual system connects internally to the Liver and Gallbladder. Fright causes Qi knotting and Gallbladder Qi rising without descending. Yiren removes the knot; following the wine into the Gallbladder channel, once the knot is resolved and Gallbladder Qi descends, the eyes can close. This captures the essence of treating the root cause!) However, this is merely a symptomatic treatment. Excessive consumption may deplete body fluids, exacerbating dryness and constipation. Remove the skin and tips, soak in honey, and grind.