（山草）升阳散湿发汗除郁
苍术（专入脾）。甘苦辛烈。气温无毒。虽有升阳散郁。发汗除湿。（杨氏家验方。男子
妇人
因食生熟物。留滞肠胃。遂至生虫。久则好食生米。否则终日不乐。及至憔悴萎黄。饮食不
思。用苍术一味为丸而愈。益昌伶人刘清啸一娼名曰花翠。年逾笄。病此。惠民局监赵尹以
此治之。两旬而愈。盖生米留滞肠胃。受湿则谷不磨而成此疾。故用苍术去湿暖胃消谷。）
燥痰（许叔微本事方云。予患饮癖三十年。遍求名医不效。自揣必有癖囊。如水之有科臼。
不盈科不行。但清者可行。而浊者停滞。无路以决之。故积至五七日必呕而去。脾土恶湿。
而水则流湿。莫如燥脾以去湿。崇土以填科臼。乃悉屏诸药。只以苍术一味。同枣肉为丸。
忌桃李雀肉而疾除。）辟恶。（时珍曰。陶隐居言术能除恶气。弥灾诊。故今病疫及岁旦。人
家往往烧苍术以辟邪气。夷坚志载江西一士人为阴气所侵。或曰。君必当暴泄。但多服平胃
散为良。中有苍术能去辟也。）治肿之功。然甘味少而辛苦重。不似白术性禀中和。直固清
阳中气之为妙耳。故同香附则为散郁而气平。（苍术能径入诸经。疏泄阳明之湿。通行敛涩
。香附乃阴中快气之药。一升一降。故郁散而平。）同黄柏则能治下部湿热。（黄柏味苦。苦
胜热。故可以去湿中之热。苍术性燥。燥胜湿。故可以去热中之湿。两者相需妙用。故其方
呼为二妙。）同大枣则能治胁下饮 。（用枣始能固中也。）同二陈加白术升柴。则能以治脾
湿下流。肠风带浊。（带浊有寒有热。有痰有气。有风有湿各异。须要审症辨用。）然必禀体
肥盛多湿者始宜。若形瘦多火切忌。至云服能轻身长生。不过因其湿去之谓。岂真能入仙境
之地哉？（本草多有长生不老之说。欺世惑民。以致药品真义不出耳。）出茅山。坚小有朱
砂
点者良。糯米泔浸焙干。同芝麻炒以制其燥。防风地榆为使。
（山草类）具有升发阳气、发散湿气、发汗解表、解除郁结的功效。
苍术（专门入脾经）。味甘、苦、辛，气味烈，药性温，无毒。虽然具有升发阳气、发散郁结、发汗除湿的作用。（《杨氏家验方》记载：男子或妇人因食用生冷与熟热混杂的食物，导致食物停滞在肠胃中，久而久之生出寄生虫，长期表现为特别想吃生米，否则整天情绪低落不快乐，甚至身体憔悴、面色萎黄、食欲不振。使用苍术一味药制成丸剂服用而痊愈。益昌伶人刘清啸的一位名叫花翠的歌女也患有此病，年龄超过十五岁。惠民局的监官赵尹用此法治疗她，二十天后痊愈。这是因为生米停滞在肠胃中，受湿气影响导致谷物无法消化从而产生此病，所以用苍术来祛湿、暖胃、帮助消化。）
燥痰（许叔微在《本事方》中说：我患有饮癖症三十年，遍访名医都没有效果。自己揣测体内一定有“癖囊”，就像水流有坑洼一样，水不填满坑洼就不流动。只有清澈的水能流动，而浑浊的水会停滞，没有路径可以排泄它，所以积聚到五七天后必然呕吐排出。脾土厌恶湿气，而水则流向潮湿之处。不如通过燥脾来去除湿气，培补脾土以填平坑洼。于是停用所有其他药物，只用苍术一味，配合枣肉制成丸剂，忌食李子、桃子和雀肉，疾病便消除了。）
辟除邪气（李时珍说：陶隐居称苍术能除恶气，消除灾祸诊断中的邪祟。所以现在发生瘟疫以及过年初一那天，人们往往焚烧苍术来辟除邪气。《夷坚志》记载江西有一位读书人被阴气侵袭，有人说：您一定会突然腹泻，但多服用平胃散为好。其中含有苍术能够去除辟除邪气。）
治疗肿胀的功效。然而苍术甘味少而辛苦味重，不像白术药性平和中正，直接巩固清阳中气的功效那样精妙。所以苍术同香附配伍，就能疏散郁结而使气机平和。（苍术能直接进入各条经络，疏泄阳明经的湿气，通行收敛涩滞之气。香附是阴分中快气行气的药物，一升一降，所以郁结消散而气机平和。）同黄柏配伍则能治疗下部的湿热。（黄柏味苦，苦能胜热，所以可以去除湿中的热；苍术性燥，燥能胜湿，所以可以去掉热中的湿。两者相互需要，妙用结合，所以该方称为“二妙”方。）同大枣配伍则能治疗胁下的饮邪。（使用大枣才能固护中焦脾胃。）同二陈汤加上白术、升麻、柴胡，则能治疗脾湿下注导致的肠风带浊。（带浊有寒有热，有痰有气，有风有湿等不同情况，必须仔细审察症状辨证使用。）然而必须体质肥胖、湿气盛的人才适宜服用。如果形体消瘦、火旺者切忌服用。至于说服用能轻身长生，不过是因为它去除了湿气的缘故罢了，难道真能进入仙境之地吗？（本草书中多有长生不老的说法，这是欺世惑民，导致药品真正的意义被掩盖了。）苍术出产于茅山，质地坚实且带有朱砂点的是良品。用糯米泔水浸泡后焙干，同芝麻炒制以制约其燥性。防风、地榆作为使药。
(Mountain herbs) Have the effects of raising Yang Qi, dispersing dampness, inducing sweating to relieve the exterior, and resolving stagnation.
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (specifically enters the Spleen channel). Its taste is sweet, bitter, and pungent, with a strong aroma; its nature is warm and non-toxic. Although it has the functions of raising Yang Qi, dispersing stagnation, inducing sweating, and removing dampness: (*Yang's Family Verified Prescriptions* records: Men or women who consume a mixture of raw and cooked foods may have food stagnating in the intestines and stomach. Over time, parasites develop, leading to a craving for raw rice; otherwise, they feel unhappy all day long, eventually becoming emaciated, sallow-complexioned, and losing their appetite. Using Cangzhu alone made into pills can cure this. Liu Qingxiao, a performer from Yichang, had a courtesan named Hua Cui who was over fifteen years old and suffered from this illness. Zhao Yin, the supervisor of the Huimin Bureau, treated her with this method, and she recovered in twenty days. This is because raw rice stagnates in the intestines and stomach; affected by dampness, grains fail to digest, causing this disease. Therefore, Cangzhu is used to remove dampness, warm the stomach, and aid digestion.)
Dry Phlegm (Xu Shuwei stated in *Ben Shi Fang*: "I suffered from Yin Pi [accumulation due to fluid retention] for thirty years. Seeking treatment from many famous doctors yielded no results. I speculated that there must be a 'Pi Nang' [sac-like accumulation] within me, similar to how water requires depressions to fill before flowing. Only clear water can flow, while turbid water stagnates without a path to drain. Thus, after accumulating for five to seven days, it must be vomited out. The Earth element of the Spleel detests dampness, and water flows toward damp places. It is best to dry the Spleen to remove dampness and build up the Earth to fill the depressions. Consequently, I discontinued all other medicines and used only Cangzhu combined with date flesh made into pills, avoiding plums, peaches, and sparrow meat, until the disease was eliminated.")
Expelling Evil (Li Shizhen said: Tao Hongjing stated that Zhu [Atractylodes] can eliminate evil qi and avert disasters. Therefore, during epidemics and on New Year's Day, people often burn Cangzhu to ward off evil qi. *Yi Jian Zhi* records that a scholar in Jiangxi was invaded by Yin Qi. Someone said, "You will likely suffer from sudden diarrhea, but taking Pingwei San frequently is beneficial. It contains Cangzhu, which can expel evil.")
Treating swelling. However, Cangzhu has little sweet flavor and heavy bitter/pungent flavors, unlike Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), whose nature is moderate and balanced, directly consolidating the Middle Qi of Clear Yang, which is more exquisite. Therefore, when combined with Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), it disperses stagnation and levels Qi. (Cangzhu can enter various meridians directly, draining dampness from the Yangming meridian and promoting the circulation of constrictive/stagnant Qi. Xiangfu is a herb that moves Qi rapidly within the Yin aspect. One rises and one descends, so stagnation disperses and Qi becomes level.) When combined with Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), it treats damp-heat in the lower body. (Huangbai tastes bitter; bitterness overcomes heat, thus removing heat within dampness. Cangzhu is drying; dryness overcomes dampness, thus removing dampness within heat. The two complement each other excellently, hence the formula is called Er Miao San.) When combined with Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), it treats fluid retention under the ribs. (Using Dazao can consolidate the Middle Jiao.) When combined with Er Chen Tang plus Baizhu, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), it treats intestinal wind and turbid discharge caused by Spleen dampness sinking downward. (Turbid discharge varies by cold, heat, phlegm, Qi, wind, and dampness; symptoms must be carefully examined for differential diagnosis.) However, it is suitable only for those with a robust physique and abundant dampness. Those who are thin with excessive fire must strictly avoid it. As for claims that it lightens the body and prolongs life, this is merely because it removes dampness; does it truly allow entry into fairy realms? (Many materia medica books contain claims of immortality, deceiving the world and confusing people, thereby obscuring the true meaning of medicinal substances.) Cangzhu originates from Maoshan; those that are firm and have cinnabar spots are superior. Soak in rice washing water, bake dry, and stir-fry with sesame seeds to control its dryness. Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) serve as guiding herbs.