（五果）补脾胃中气血
大枣（专入脾胃）。味甘气温。色赤肉润。为补脾胃要药。经曰。里不足者。以甘补之。
形不
足者。温之以气。大枣甘能补中。温能益气。脾胃既补。则十二经脉自通。九窍利。（九窍
。口耳鼻目前后二阴。）四肢和也。正气足则神自安。故凡心腹邪气心下悬急者。得此则调
。得补则气力强。肠胃清。身中不足及病见肠 者。用此则安。甘能解毒。故于百药中。
得
甘则协。且于补药中风寒发散。内用为向导。则能于脾助其升发之气。（仲景治奔豚。用大
枣滋土以平肾。治水饮胁痛。用十枣益土以胜水。）不似白术性燥不润。专于脾气则补。山
药性平不燥。专于脾阴有益之为异耳。但多食损齿。（齿属肾。土燥克水。）及气实中满切忌
。（甘令中满。大建中汤减饧枣。与甘草同例。）北产肥润者良。金华南枣亦佳。杀乌附。忌
葱鱼同食。
（夷果）入脾助气，入肝益血养营
荔枝（专入肝脾）。味甘而酸。气温。故能入脾助气。（甘入脾。）入肝益血养营。（酸入
肝。）
然于血虚火衰则宜。若使病非虚弱。及素火盛服之。反致助火发热。而有衄血齿痛之病矣。
（李时珍曰。荔枝气味纯阳。其性畏热。鲜者食多。即龈肿口痛或衄血也。病齿 及火病患
忌之。开宝本草言其性平。苏氏却谓多食无伤。皆谬说也。按物类相感志云。食荔枝多则醉
。以壳浸水饮之即解。此即食物不消还以本物消之之意。）至核味甘气温。专入肝肾。散滞
辟寒。双核形似睾丸。尤治 疝卵肿。以其形类相似有感而通之义也。（治疝气如斗。用荔
枝炒黑与茴香青皮各炒为末。用酒送下。）痘疮不起。用壳煎汤以服。盖取壳性温补内托之
意。然要皆属性燥。用当酌症所宜。非若龙眼性主温和而资益甚多也！出建产者良。
（五果类）补益脾胃中的气与血
大枣（专门入脾胃经）。味道甘甜，性质温热。颜色赤红，肉质滋润。是补益脾胃的重要药物。《内经》说：体内正气不足的，用甘味药来补益。形体虚弱的，用温性药来益气。大枣味甘能补中气，性温能助阳气。脾胃得到补益后，十二经脉自然通畅，九窍也就通利了。（所谓九窍，指口、鼻、耳及眼目前后二阴。）四肢也会调和。正气充足则神志自然安宁。所以凡是心腹间有邪气、心下感觉悬急不适的，服用大枣就能调顺；得到补益则体力增强，肠胃清爽。身体虚弱以及患病出现肠鸣等症状的，使用大枣就能安定。甘味能解毒，所以在各种药物中，加入甘味药能起到协同作用。并且在补益药中加入用于发散风寒的药物作为向导，大枣能帮助脾脏升发之气。（张仲景治疗奔豚病，用大枣滋培脾土以制约肾水；治疗水饮引起的胁痛，用十枣汤培补脾土以制伏水邪。）不像白术性质燥烈而不滋润，只专于补脾气；也不像山药性质平和而不燥，只专于补脾阴，这是它们的区别所在。但是多吃会损伤牙齿。（因为齿属肾，脾土过燥会克制肾水。）而且对于实证、中焦胀满者切忌服用。（甘味药容易导致中焦胀满，大建中汤中减少饴糖和大枣的使用，与甘草的使用原则类似。）北方出产的大枣肥厚滋润者为佳，金华南枣也很好。大枣能减轻乌头、附子的毒性。忌与葱、鱼同食。
（夷果类）入脾帮助气机，入肝益血养营
荔枝（专门入肝、脾经）。味道甘甜而带酸，性质温热。所以能入脾帮助气机。（甘味入脾。）入肝益血养营。（酸味入肝。）
然而对于血虚火衰的情况适宜。如果病情并非虚弱，或者素来火气旺盛的人服用，反而会导致助火发热，引发鼻出血、牙痛等疾病。（李时珍说：荔枝气味纯阳，其性质畏热，鲜荔枝吃多了，就会导致牙龈肿胀、口痛或鼻出血。患有齿病及火旺病症的人忌服。《开宝本草》说它性质平和，苏颂却说多吃无伤，都是错误的说法。按《物类相感志》记载，吃荔枝多了会醉，用荔枝壳浸泡的水饮用即可解酒毒。这就是食物不消化时用本物来消化的意思。）荔枝核味道甘甜，性质温热，专门入肝肾经。能散除滞气，驱散寒邪。双核形状似睾丸，尤其治疗疝气和睾丸肿痛，这是基于“同类相感”的道理。（治疗疝气如斗状下垂，将荔枝炒黑与茴香、青皮各炒成粉末，用酒送服。）痘疮不起发，用荔枝壳煎汤服用，大概是取其壳性温补、内托疮毒的意思。然而荔枝总体属性偏燥，使用时应当斟酌症状是否适宜，不像龙眼性质温和且滋补作用很大！产自福建的荔枝为佳。
(Five Fruits) Tonify Qi and Blood in the Spleen and Stomach
Jujube (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) (Specifically enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians). Its taste is sweet, and its nature is warm. Its color is red, and its flesh is moist. It is an essential herb for tonifying the Spleen and Stomach. The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "For insufficiency within, use sweet flavors to tonify." For deficiency of form, use warm properties to aid Qi. Jujube's sweetness can tonify the Middle Jiao, and its warmth can boost Qi. Once the Spleen and Stomach are tonified, the Twelve Meridians will naturally flow freely, and the Nine Orifices will become unobstructed. (The Nine Orifices refer to the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and the anterior and posterior orifices.) The four limbs will also harmonize. When Righteous Qi is sufficient, the Spirit naturally rests. Therefore, for any evil qi in the heart and abdomen causing a hanging and urgent sensation below the heart, taking jujube will regulate it; receiving tonification strengthens physical power and clears the intestines and stomach. For bodily insufficiency and diseases presenting with intestinal rumbling, using jujube brings peace. Sweetness can detoxify, so among various herbs, adding sweet herbs facilitates synergy. Furthermore, when used as a guide alongside herbs that disperse wind-cold in tonifying formulas, it aids the ascending and dispersing Qi of the Spleen. (Zhang Zhongjing treated Ben Tun [Rushing Pig] syndrome by using jujube to nourish Earth to calm Kidney Water; he treated hypochondriac pain due to Fluid Retention using Shi Zao Tang [Ten Jujubes Decoction] to benefit Earth to overcome Water.) This differs from Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), which has a dry nature and lacks moisture, specifically tonifying Spleen Qi; and it differs from Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), which is neutral and non-drying, specifically benefiting Spleen Yin. However, excessive consumption damages teeth. (Teeth belong to the Kidney; excessive dry Earth overcomes Water.) Moreover, it is strictly contraindicated for excess patterns and fullness in the Middle Jiao. (Sweetness causes middle fullness; the reduction of Yi Tang [Maltose] and jujube in Da Jian Zhong Tang [Major Construct the Middle Decoction] follows the same principle as the use of Gan Cao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma].) Those produced in the North that are plump and moist are superior; Jinhua Southern Jujubes are also excellent. Jujube reduces the toxicity of Wu Tou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Radix Preparata). It is contraindicated to consume it together with green onions and fish.
(Exotic Fruits) Enter the Spleen to assist Qi, enter the Liver to benefit Blood and nourish Ying
Lychee (Litchi Chinensis Fructus) (Specifically enters the Liver and Spleen meridians). Its taste is sweet and sour, and its nature is warm. Thus, it can enter the Spleen to assist Qi. (Sweet flavor enters the Spleen.) It enters the Liver to benefit Blood and nourish Ying. (Sour flavor enters the Liver.)
However, it is suitable for conditions of Blood deficiency and declining Fire. If the disease is not due to deficiency, or if taken by those who inherently have excessive Fire, it may instead aggravate Fire and cause heat, leading to epistaxis and toothache. (Li Shizhen said: Lychee's qi and flavor are purely Yang, and its nature fears heat. Eating too many fresh lychees causes swollen gums, mouth pain, or epistaxis. Those with dental diseases and Fire-heat patterns should avoid it. *Kaibao Bencao* states its nature is neutral, while Su Song claimed eating more does no harm; both are erroneous statements. According to *Wulei Xianggan Zhi*, eating too many lychees causes drunkenness; drinking water infused with lychee shells resolves it. This illustrates the principle of using the original substance to resolve indigestion caused by that substance.) The pit of the lychee is sweet in taste and warm in nature, specifically entering the Liver and Kidneys. It dissipates stagnation and dispels cold. Double-nucleated pits resemble testicles and are particularly effective in treating hernia and testicular swelling, based on the principle of resonance through similarity. (To treat hernia resembling a descending bag, stir-fry lychee until black, mix with equal parts of stir-fried Huixiang [Foeniculi Fructus] and Qingpi [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium], and take with wine.) For chickenpox lesions that fail to erupt, drink decoction made from lychee shells, likely utilizing the shell's warm, tonifying, and internal-expelling properties. However, lychee is generally drying in nature; usage must be weighed against symptoms. It is not like Long Yan Rou (Longan Aril), whose nature is mild and warm and provides extensive nourishment! Lychees produced in Fujian are superior.