热气久积于中。自当清凉以解。寒气久滞于内。更当辛温以除。故温散之味。实为中虚
寒滞
所
必用也。然中界乎上下之间。则治固当以中为主。而上下亦止因中而及。是以温以守内而不
凝。散以行外而不滞。温散并施。而病不致稍留于中而莫御矣！第不分辨明晰。则治多有牵
混不清。如缩砂密木香香附干姜半夏胡椒吴茱萸使君子麦芽松脂。皆为温中行气快滞之味。
然缩砂密则止暖胃快滞。木香则止疏肝醒脾。香附米则止开郁行结活血通经。半夏则止开痰
逐湿。干姜则止温中散寒。胡椒则止温胃逐痰除冷。吴茱萸则止逐肝经寒气上逆肠胃。使君
子则止燥胃杀虫。麦芽则止消谷磨食。松脂则止祛风燥湿。而有不相兼及者也。至于温中而
兼及上。则有如荜茇之散胸腹寒逆。藿香之醒脾辟恶宽胸止呕。菖蒲之通心开窍醒脾逐痰。
玄胡索之行血中气滞气中血滞。安息香之通活气血。各有专司自得之妙。温中而兼及下。则
有
如益智之燥湿逐冷温肾缩泉。蛇床子之补火宣风燥湿。蒺藜之祛肝肾风邪。大小茴之逐肝肾
沉寒痼冷。各有主治独得之趣。温中而兼通外。则有草果之温胃逐寒辟瘴辟疟。苏合香樟脑
大蒜山柰甘松排草之通窍逐邪杀鬼。白檀香之逐冷除逆以引胃气上升。良姜红豆蔻之温胃散
寒。艾叶之除肝经沉寒痼冷以回阳气将绝。胡椒之通心脾小腹辟恶发痘。烟草之通气爽滞辟
瘴除恶。白芥子之除胁下及皮里膜外之风痰。锻石之燥血止血散血。乌药之治气逆胸腹不快
。各有其应如响之捷。温中而至通上彻下。则有如丁香之泄肺暖胃燥肾止呃。川椒之补火温
脏除寒杀虫。各有气味相投之宜。若使温中独见于上。则有如草豆蔻之逐胃口上之风寒。止
当心之疼痛。薰草之通气散寒辟恶止痛。其效俱不容掩。且温中而独见于上下。则有如薤之
通肺除痹。通肠止痢。其效又属不泯。其一温中。而气味各殊。治效各别。有不相同如此。
然绣窃谓温中之味。其气兼浮而升。则其散必甚。温中之味。其气必沉而降。则其散甚微
。温中其气既浮。而又表里皆彻。则其散更甚而不可以解矣！是以丁香白蔻之降。与于草豆
蔻白檀之升。绝不相同。即与缩砂密之散。木香之降。亦且绝不相似。良姜气味过散。故止
可逐外寒内入。而不可与干姜温内同比。藿香气味稍薄。故止可除臭恶呕逆。而不可与木香
快滞并议。乌药彻上彻下。治气甚于香附。故为中风中气所必需。薤白气味辛窜。行气远驾
木香。故为胸痹肠滞所必用。凡此是温是散。皆有义理。错综在人细为体会可耳！
热气长久积聚在体内，自然应当用清凉之法来解除。寒气长久停滞在内部，更应当用辛温之法来祛除。所以，具有温散作用的药物，确实是治疗中焦虚寒、气机阻滞所必须使用的。然而，人体中焦位于上下之间，因此治疗固然应当以调理中焦为主，而上下两部的病症也往往因为中焦的调理而得到波及和解决。所以，温法用于固守内里而不凝滞，散法用于行于体表而不留邪。温法和散法同时施用，疾病就不会稍微残留于体内而无法抵御了！只是如果不分辨得清晰明确，治疗就多有牵强混淆不清的情况。
例如缩砂密（砂仁）、木香、香附、干姜、半夏、胡椒、吴茱萸、使君子、麦芽、松脂，都是具有温中行气、消导滞涩作用的药物。但是，缩砂密仅仅温暖胃腑、消导滞涩；木香仅仅疏理肝气、唤醒脾气；香附米仅仅开郁结、行气血、通经络；半夏仅仅化痰、祛湿；干姜仅仅温中、散寒；胡椒仅仅温胃、祛痰、除冷；吴茱萸仅仅驱逐肝经寒气上逆至肠胃；使君子仅仅燥湿、杀虫；麦芽仅仅消谷食、磨积食；松脂仅仅祛风、燥湿。它们各有侧重，不能互相兼代。
至于温中且功效波及上部的，有如荜茇能疏散胸腹寒逆之气，藿香能醒脾、辟秽恶、宽胸膈、止呕吐，石菖蒲能通心窍、开神明、醒脾、祛痰，玄胡索能行血中之气滞、气中之血滞，安息香能通行活络气血。它们各有专门的主治，自有其独到的妙处。
温中且功效波及下部的，有如益智仁能燥湿、逐冷、温肾、缩小便，蛇床子能补命门之火、宣散风气、燥湿，蒺藜能祛除肝肾风邪，大茴香和小茴香能驱逐肝肾深处的沉寒痼冷。它们各有主治，有独特的趣味。
温中且功效通达外部的，有如草果能温胃、逐寒、辟瘴气、抗疟疾，苏合香、樟脑、大蒜、山柰、甘松、排草能通窍、驱逐邪气、杀鬼祟（指驱除致病邪毒），白檀香能驱逐寒冷、消除逆气以引导胃气上升，高良姜、红豆蔻能温胃、散寒，艾叶能祛除肝经深处的沉寒痼冷以挽回将绝的阳气，胡椒能通心脾、小腹、辟秽恶、促进痘疹透发，烟草能通气、爽利滞涩、辟瘴气、除恶邪，白芥子能祛除胁下及皮膜间的风痰，锻石能燥血、止血、散血，乌药能治疗气逆导致的胸腹不适。它们各自有其应验如响应的敏捷疗效。
温中且能通达上部并彻达下部的，有如丁香能泄肺暖胃、燥肾、止呃逆，川椒能补火、温脏、除寒、杀虫。它们各有气味相投配的适宜之处。
如果温中的功效单独体现在上部，则有如草豆蔻能驱逐胃口上的风寒，仅能缓解心窝处的疼痛；薰草能通气、散寒、辟秽恶、止痛。它们的疗效都不容忽视。
而且温中的功效单独体现在下部时，则有如薤白能通肺气、除痹阻、通肠道、止痢疾。它们的疗效又属于不可磨灭的。
同样是温中，但气味各不相同，治疗效果也各异，竟然有如此不同。然而，黄宫绣私下认为：温中的药物，如果其气性兼有浮升之性，那么它的发散作用必然很强；温中的药物，如果其气性必属沉降之性，那么它的发散作用就非常微弱。温中药物既然气性上浮，而又表里透彻，那么它的发散就更强烈，甚至到了无法控制的地步！因此，丁香、白蔻的沉降，与草豆蔻、白檀香的升浮，截然不同。即使与缩砂密的发散、木香的沉降相比，也绝不相似。高良姜气味过于发散，所以只能驱逐从外部侵入内部的寒邪，而不能与干姜温补内里的功效相提并论。藿香气味稍显轻薄，所以只能去除臭秽、呕吐逆气，而不能与木香消导滞涩的功效并列讨论。乌药彻上彻下，治疗气病甚于香附，所以是中风、中气病所必需的。薤白色气味辛烈窜行，行气能力远超木香，所以是胸痹、肠滞所必须使用的。凡是这些属于温还是属于散，都蕴含义理，错综复杂，在于人们仔细体会罢了！
When heat qi accumulates in the interior for a long time, it should naturally be resolved with cooling methods. When cold qi stagnates internally for a long time, it must be eliminated with acrid-warm methods. Therefore, substances with warm-dispersing properties are indeed essential for treating deficiency-cold and qi stagnation in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner). However, since the Middle Jiao lies between the upper and lower parts, treatment should primarily focus on the Middle Jiao, while conditions in the upper and lower parts are often addressed as a consequence of regulating the Middle Jiao. Thus, warmth secures the interior without causing stagnation, and dispersion moves through the exterior without leaving pathogenic factors behind. By applying both warming and dispersing methods simultaneously, diseases will not remain slightly within the body to resist treatment. However, if distinctions are not made clearly, treatments often become confused and mixed up.
For instance, Amomum fruit (Sha Ren), Aucklandia root (Mu Xiang), Cyperus rhizome (Xiang Fu), Dried ginger (Gan Jiang), Pinellia tuber (Ban Xia), Pepper (Hu Jiao), Evodia fruit (Wu Zhu Yu), Quisqualis seed (Shi Jun Zi), Malt (Mai Ya), and Pine resin (Song Zhi) are all substances that warm the Middle Jiao, move qi, and relieve stagnation. Yet, Amomum fruit only warms the stomach and relieves stagnation; Aucklandia root only soothes the Liver and awakens the Spleen; Cyperus rhizome only opens depression, moves Qi and blood, and unblocks meridians; Pinellia only resolves phlegm and expels dampness; Dried ginger only warms the Middle and dispels cold; Pepper only warms the stomach, resolves phlegm, and removes cold; Evodia fruit only drives upward-rebelling cold qi from the Liver channel into the intestines and stomach; Quisqualis seed only dries dampness and kills parasites; Malt only digests grains and grinds food accumulation; Pine resin only dispels wind and dries dampness. They have specific functions and cannot be used interchangeably.
Regarding those that warm the Middle Jiao and also affect the Upper Jiao, there is Galangal fruit (Bi Bo) which disperses cold rebellion in the chest and abdomen; Agastache herb (Huo Xiang) which awakens the Spleen, expels noxious factors, broadens the chest, and stops vomiting; Acorus rhizome (Chang Pu) which opens the heart orifices, clarifies the mind, awakens the Spleen, and expels phlegm; Corydalis rhizome (Yan Hu Suo) which moves Qi stagnation in blood and blood stagnation in Qi; and Benzoin resin (An Xi Xiang) which promotes the circulation of Qi and blood. Each has its specific jurisdiction and unique efficacy.
Regarding those that warm the Middle Jiao and also affect the Lower Jiao, there is Alpinia oxyphylla fruit (Yi Zhi Ren) which dries dampness, expels cold, warms the Kidney, and reduces urination; Cnidium fruit (She Chuang Zi) which tonifies fire, disseminates wind, and dries dampness; Tribulus fruit (Ji Li) which dispels wind-pathogens of the Liver and Kidney; and Fennel seeds (Da Xiao Hui Xiang) which drive out deep-seated cold in the Liver and Kidney. Each has its own indications and distinct merits.
Regarding those that warm the Middle Jiao and also penetrate outward, there is Tsaoko cardamom fruit (Cao Guo) which warms the stomach, expels cold, eliminates miasma, and prevents malaria; Styrax benzoin (Su He Xiang), Camphor (Zhang Nao), Garlic (Da Suan), Sand Ginger (Shan Nai), Nardostachys root (Gan Song), and Vetiver root (Pai Cao) which open orifices, expel pathogens, and eliminate evil spirits (pathogenic toxins); White Sandalwood (Bai Tan Xiang) which expels cold and reverses rebellious Qi to guide Stomach Qi upward; Galangal rhizome (Liang Jiang) and Red Cardamom (Hong Dou Kou) which warm the stomach and disperse cold; Mugwort leaf (Ai Ye) which removes deep-seated cold in the Liver channel to restore nearly exhausted Yang Qi; Pepper (Hu Jiao) which connects the Heart, Spleen, and lower abdomen, expels noxious factors, and promotes the eruption of smallpox; Tobacco (Yan Cao) which moves Qi, relieves stagnation, expels miasma, and eliminates evil; White Mustard seed (Bai Jie Zi) which removes wind-phlegm under the hypochondrium and in the subcutaneous tissues; Calcined Hematite (Duan Shi) which dries blood, stops bleeding, and dissipates blood stasis; and Lindera root (Wu Yao) which treats Qi rebellion causing discomfort in the chest and abdomen. Each has its rapid efficacy that responds like an echo.
Regarding those that warm the Middle Jiao and penetrate both up and down, there is Clove bud (Ding Xiang) which drains the Lung, warms the stomach, dries the Kidney, and stops hiccups; Sichuan pepper (Chuan Jiao) which tonifies fire, warms the viscera, dispels cold, and kills parasites. Each has its appropriate compatibility of flavor and nature.
If the warming effect is seen exclusively in the Upper Jiao, there is Greater Galangal seed (Cao Dou Kou) which expels wind-cold at the stomach opening, relieving only pain in the epigastrium; and Herba Elsholtziae (Xun Cao) which moves Qi, dispels cold, expels noxious factors, and stops pain. Their effects are undeniable.
Furthermore, if the warming effect is seen exclusively in the Lower Jiao, there is Allium macrostemon bulb (Xie Bai) which unblocks the Lung, removes obstruction, unblocks the intestines, and stops dysentery. Their effects are indelible.
Although they all warm the Middle Jiao, their flavors and natures differ greatly, and their therapeutic effects vary significantly, being so different. However, Huang Gongxiu privately believes: Substances that warm the Middle Jiao, if their Qi nature is floating and ascending, will have a strong dispersing action. Substances that warm the Middle Jiao, if their Qi nature is sinking and descending, will have a very weak dispersing action. If a Middle-warming substance has floating Qi and penetrates both interior and exterior, its dispersing action becomes even more intense and uncontrollable! Therefore, the descending nature of Clove bud and White Cardamom is completely different from the ascending nature of Greater Galangal seed and White Sandalwood. Even compared to the dispersing nature of Amomum fruit or the descending nature of Aucklandia root, they are absolutely dissimilar. Galangal rhizome has an overly dispersing flavor and nature, so it can only expel external cold entering the interior, but cannot be equated with Dried ginger's function of warming the interior. Agastache herb has a relatively thin flavor and nature, so it can only remove foul odors, vomiting, and rebellion, but cannot be discussed alongside Aucklandia root's ability to relieve stagnation. Lindera root penetrates up and down and treats Qi disorders better than Cyperus rhizome, making it essential for stroke and Qi blockage. Allium macrostemon bulb has a pungent and penetrating flavor and nature, moving Qi far beyond Aucklandia root, making it essential for chest bi-syndrome and intestinal stagnation. In all these cases, whether warming or dispersing, there is underlying logic and complexity, which requires careful contemplation by practitioners.