（隰草）清肺风热
牛蒡子（专入肺）。又名恶实。又名鼠粘子。辛苦冷滑。今人止言解毒。凡遇疮疡痈肿
痘疹
等症。无不用此投治。然尤未绎其义。凡人毒瓦斯之结。多缘外感风寒。营气不从。逆于肉里
。故生痈毒。牛蒡味辛且苦。既能降气下行。复能散风除热。（深得表里两解之义。）是以感
受风邪热毒。而见面目浮肿。咳嗽痰壅。咽间肿痛。疮疡斑疹。及一切臭毒痧闭。痘疮紫黑
便闭等症。无不借此表解里清。但性冷滑利。多服则中气有损。且更令表益虚矣。至于脾虚
泄泻。为尤忌焉。实如葡萄而褐色。酒拌蒸。待有霜。拭去用。
（蔓草）清肺热解痈毒
金银花（专入肺）。经冬不凋。故又名忍冬。味甘性寒。无毒。诸书皆言补虚养血。又
言入肺
散热。能治恶疮肠 。痈疽痔漏。为外利治毒通行要剂。按此似属两岐。殊不知书言能补虚
者。因其芳香味甘。性虽入内逐热。而气不甚迅利伤损之意也。书言能养血者。因其毒结血
凝。服此毒瓦斯顿解。而血自尔克养之谓也。究之止属清热解毒之品耳。（确
断）是以一切痈疽等病。无不借此内入。取其气寒解热。力主通利。至云能治五种尸疰。事
亦不虚。（飞尸遁尸风尸沉尸尸疰。五疰病因不一。但此专主风湿内结为热而言。又按精要
云。忍冬酒云治一切痈疽。陋贫药材难得。须用忍冬藤生取一把。以叶入砂盆研烂。入生饼
子酒少许。稀稠得所。涂于四围。中留一口泄气。其藤止用五两。木槌捶损。不可犯铁。大
甘草节生用一两。同入砂瓶内。以水二盆。文武火慢煎至一盆。入无灰好酒一大碗。再煎十
数沸。去渣。分为三服。一日一夜吃尽。病势重者。一日二剂。服至大小肠通利。则药力到
。）如谓久服轻身。延年益寿。不无过谀。凡古人表着药功。类多如是。但在用药者审认明
确。不尽为药治效所惑也。花与叶同功。其花尤妙。（江浙地方。以此代茶。）
（隰草）清除肺经风热
牛蒡子（专入肺经）。又名恶实。又名鼠粘子。味辛、苦，性寒，质滑利。如今人们只谈论它的解毒功效，凡是遇到疮疡、痈肿、痘疹等病症，无不使用它来治疗。然而这还没有推究其中的道理。大凡人体毒邪的凝结，多是因为外感风寒，导致营气运行不畅，逆乱于肌肉腠理之间，从而产生痈毒。牛蒡子味道辛且苦，既能使气机降而下行，又能疏散风邪、清除热邪。（深得表里双解的含义。）因此，对于感受风邪热毒而出现的面目浮肿、咳嗽痰多壅滞、咽喉肿痛、疮疡斑疹，以及一切臭毒痧闭、痘疮颜色紫黑、大便闭塞等症状，无不借此药达到表邪得解、里热得清的效果。但是其性质寒冷滑利，服用过多会损伤中焦脾胃之气，并且会使体表更加虚弱。至于脾虚导致的泄泻，更是禁忌使用。果实形状像葡萄但呈褐色，用酒拌过后蒸制，待表面出现白霜后，擦去白霜再使用。
（蔓草）清除肺热，解除痈毒
金银花（专入肺经）。经历冬天也不凋谢，所以又名忍冬。味甘，性寒，无毒。各种医书都说它能补虚养血，又说它入肺散热，能治疗恶疮、肠痈、痈疽、痔漏，是外用和内服治疗毒邪通行的关键药物。按此分析似乎存在矛盾。殊不知书中说能补虚，是因为它芳香味甘，虽然性质入内驱逐热邪，但气机并不迅猛猛烈，没有损伤正气之意。书中说能养血，是因为毒邪凝结、血液凝滞时，服用此药后毒邪顿时化解，血液自然得以滋养的说法罢了。究其根本，这只是属于清热解毒的药物而已。（确切的论断）因此，一切痈疽等疾病，无不借此药深入体内，利用其气寒以解热，力量主要在于通利。至于说能治疗五种尸疰，事情也并非虚假。（飞尸、遁尸、风尸、沉尸、尸疰，这五种疰病的病因各不相同，但这里专门针对风湿内结化为热邪而言。另外按《精要》记载：忍冬酒方治疗一切痈疽，因贫贱之人难以获得药材，必须取新鲜忍冬藤一把，将叶子放入砂盆中研烂，加入少许生饼子酒，调至稀稠适度，涂在患处四周，中间留一个口以泄气。藤条只用五两，用木槌捶打损坏，不可接触铁器。大甘草节生用一两，一同放入砂瓶中，用两盆水，先武火后文火慢煎至剩一盆水，加入无灰好酒一大碗，再煎煮十几滚，去渣，分为三次服用，一天一夜吃完。病情重的，一天服用两剂，直到大小肠通畅，则药力到达。）如果说长期服用能轻身延年益寿，不免有些过分阿谀。凡是古人记载药物的功效，大多如此。关键在于用药者审查认识明确，不被药物疗效的说法所迷惑。花朵与叶子功效相同，其中花朵尤其奇妙。（江浙地区，以此代替茶饮用。）
(Xi Cao) Clears Wind-Heat from the Lung.
Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus, 牛蒡子) [Specifically enters the Lung meridian]. Also known as E Shi and Shu Nian Zi. It is pungent, bitter, cold in nature, and slippery in texture. Nowadays, people only speak of its ability to resolve toxicity. Whenever encountering conditions such as sores and ulcers (Chuang Yang), carbuncles and swellings (Yong Zhong), or smallpox/rash diseases (Dou Zhen), it is invariably used for treatment. However, this has not explored its underlying rationale. Generally, the accumulation of toxic pathogens in the human body often stems from external contraction of Wind-Cold, causing Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) to fail to flow smoothly and reverse within the flesh and muscles, thereby generating carbuncle toxins. Niu Bang Zi is pungent and bitter; it can both direct Qi downward and disperse Wind while clearing Heat. (It deeply embodies the principle of resolving both exterior and interior simultaneously.) Therefore, for symptoms arising from contracting Wind pathogenic factors and Heat toxins—such as edema of the face and eyes, cough with copious phlegm obstruction, swelling and pain in the throat, sores, ulcers, macules, and rashes, as well as all kinds of foul-toxic Sha Bi (Sha blockage), purplish-black smallpox lesions, and constipation—it helps achieve the resolution of exterior pathogens and the clearing of interior heat. Nevertheless, its nature is cold and slippery; excessive consumption damages Middle Qi (Spleen/Stomach Qi) and further weakens the exterior. For diarrhea due to Spleen deficiency, it is particularly contraindicated. The fruit resembles a grape but is brownish. It should be mixed with wine, steamed, and once frost appears on the surface, wiped off before use.
(Man Cao) Clears Lung Heat and resolves Carbuncle Toxins.
Jin Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, 金银花) [Specifically enters the Lung meridian]. It does not wither even after enduring winter, hence also known as Ren Dong. It is sweet in taste and cold in nature, non-toxic. Various texts state that it tonifies deficiency and nourishes blood, and also say it enters the Lung to dissipate heat, treating malignant sores, intestinal abscesses (Chang Yong), carbuncles and ulcers (Yong Ju), hemorrhoids, and fistulas. It is considered an essential agent for unblocking and treating toxicity both internally and externally. Analyzing this, it seems contradictory. In fact, when books mention its ability to tonify deficiency, it is because its fragrance and sweet taste imply that although its nature enters the interior to drive out heat, its Qi action is not rapid or violent enough to cause damage. When books mention its ability to nourish blood, it is because when toxic accumulation causes blood stasis, taking this herb dissolves the toxicity instantly, allowing the blood to naturally nourish itself. Ultimately, it belongs merely to the category of herbs that clear heat and resolve toxicity. (A definitive judgment.) Thus, for all kinds of carbuncles and ulcers, it penetrates inward, utilizing its cold nature to resolve heat and its strength to promote unblocking and free flow. Regarding the claim that it treats the five types of Zhu diseases (Shi Zhu), this is not false. (Fei Shi, Dun Shi, Feng Shi, Chen Shi, and Shi Zhu are five types of Zhu diseases with different etiologies; here, it specifically addresses heat generated by internal binding of Wind-Dampness. Additionally, according to *Jing Yao*: The Ren Dong Wine formula treats all carbuncles and ulcers. Since poor individuals find materials hard to obtain, one must take a handful of fresh Ren Dong Teng (Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis), grind the leaves into a paste in a mortar, add a little wine made from raw rice cakes, adjust to appropriate consistency, and apply around the periphery of the lesion, leaving a central opening to vent gas. Use five taels of the vine, bruised with a wooden mallet, avoiding iron contact. Use one tael of raw Da Gan Cao Jie (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma nodes), place them together in a clay pot, add two basins of water, simmer slowly over high then low heat until one basin remains, add one large bowl of good unadulterated wine, boil for more than ten times, strain, and divide into three doses. Consume within one day and night. For severe cases, administer two doses per day until the large and small intestines become unblocked, indicating the medicinal force has reached the target.) Claims that long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life are undoubtedly excessive flattery. Ancient records of drug efficacy are generally like this. The key lies in the prescriber’s clear understanding and discernment, not being misled by exaggerated claims of drug effects. The flower and leaf have similar functions, but the flower is superior. (In the Jiang-Zhe region, it is used as a substitute for tea.)