即野术之产于潜者，出县治后鹤山者为第一，今难得，价论八换。其形有鹤颈鹤头，羽
翼足
俱全，皮细带黄，切开有朱砂点，其次出北乡，皮色带黑不黄。茅翼云∶产徽州者皆种术，
俗称粪术。乃粪力浇灌大者，肥而无鹤颈。野生者名天生术，形小，有鹤颈甚长，内有朱砂
点，术上有须者尤佳，以得土气浓也。于术亦野生，出于潜，产县治龙脉土上者，其内点真
似朱砂，猩红如洒血。鹤颈肉芦干之清香，产他处，内或无点纯白，或有黄点，总不及龙脉
上产者为上品。冬月采取，形味方全。一种江西术，其形甚小，与野术相似，虽有鹤颈而甚
短，其体坚实，其味苦劣不可用。 万历杭州府志∶白术以产于潜者佳，称于术。清异录∶
潜山产善术，以其盘结丑怪，有兽之形，因号为狮子术。 西吴里语∶孝丰天目山有仙丈峰
，产吴术，名鸡腿术。入药最佳。百草镜云∶白术一茎直上，高不过尺，其叶长尖，傍有针
刺纹，花如小蓟，冬采者名冬术。汁归本根，滋润而不枯燥，却易油，不能止泻。春采夏采
者，藏久虽不易油，却枯燥不润，肉亦不饱满。凡收术须阴干勿晒，晒则烂。野术形小，芦
梗细硬，皮细。若芦软而粗，即种术矣。又有象术，系台术中捡出如野术者，但切开有晕纹
。台术虽种而不用粪，故不肥大，服之不胀。倘野术难得，此为稳。安徽宣城歙县亦有野生
术，名狗头术，亦佳。又一种系取野术种，灌以粪，形虽大，皮却细紧，出樟村，较徽省种
术稍好。今人论野术云∶黑土者真，不知土色各处不同，不可执一而论。又云∶小者真，然
老山货年久亦有大者。又云∶有朱砂斑者真，不知于术亦有无朱砂斑者。据土人言∶产县后
山脉，及黄塘至辽东桥一带，西流水四十里地之术，方有朱砂点，他处则无。但野术入口，
甜味虽重，气极清香，自不同也。总以白为佳，以润为妙。 叶天士本草云∶浸刮，饭锅上
蒸晒如枣黑，黄土炒，为中宫和气补脾之药。 本经逢原云∶云术肥大气壅，台术条细力薄
，宁国狗头术皮赤稍大，然皆栽灌而成，故其气浊，不若于潜野生者气清，无壅滞之患。入
风痹痰湿利水破血药，俱生用。然非于潜产者，不可生用也。张观斋云∶今有一种野术，深
山处必有，形如于术，切开有朱砂斑，香而不甜，细考其味，亲见其苗，乃天生之苍术也。
因久无人采，故大而宛如于术。大凡术以火焙干者，味必苦。生晒者，味必甜。台术以及各
处种术，皆于术所种而变者，功虽不如于术，服亦有验。今于术绝少，市中皆以仙居所产野
术充于术，功亦相等。 辛亥五月，有客自青田县来，带有天生术，大小如一，约重两许，
俱生者，未经日晒干焙，若干之，可三钱许。其术形俨如仙鹤，翅足皆具，亦有长颈，颈皆
左顾，一一相似，无作磊块形者。询之云∶此术不生于土，所生之地，系青田边境，有一山
，山有石壁，壁上每年生此术二三十斤，不能多有。 吾杭西北山近留下小和山一带地方，
及南尖峰翁家山等处，皆产野术，气味香甜，生啖一二枚，终日不饥。生津溢齿，解渴醒脾
，功力最捷。切开无朱砂点，肤里腻细，而白如雪色，名曰玉术。又呼雪术。亦不易得，入
药功效，与于术等。较他产野术尤力倍也。甘补脾，温和中，补气生血，无汗能发，有汗能
止，开胃补脾，则能进饮食。去劳倦，止肌热，化症癖，和中能已呕吐。定痛安胎，燥湿，
利小便，生津液，止泄泻，化胃经痰水，理心下急满，利腰脐血结，去周身湿痹。凡下焦阴
气不脱，上焦阳气骤脱者，无力用参，重用野术，大能起死回生。用糯米泔浸，陈壁土炒，
或蜜水炒，人乳拌用，炒黄不宜焦，焦则无力矣。熬膏更良，禁忌同白术。
代参膏∶杨春涯验方∶于术十斤，白米泔水浸三昼夜，洗净浮皮，蒸晒十次，有脂沾手
为度。切片熬膏，一火收成，滴纸不化。用白茯苓十斤，舂末水飞，去浮，只取沉者，蒸晒
十
治虚弱枯瘦，食而不化，用于术酒浸，九蒸九晒一斤，菟丝子酒煮吐丝晒干一斤，共为
末，
四制仙术散∶治盗汗不止，此药入神，于术四两，分四制，一两黄 煎汁炒，一两牡蛎
粉炒
，一两麸皮汤炒，一两石斛汤炒，只取术为末，服三钱，粟米汤下。
各色痢疾∶传信方∶于术一两，老姜一两，当归五钱，水二碗，煎好，露一宿服，自愈。
保胎丸∶良方集要∶茯苓二两，条芩一两，于术土炒一两，红花一两，没药三钱，制香
附一
两，元胡索醋炒一两，益母草去根一两，共研末，蜜丸桐子大，早晚白滚水服七粒，不宜增
减，戒恼怒劳伤，生冷发气等物。凡遇腹痛腰酸作胀，即宜服之，成孕三月，即服起，直至
足月，不但保胎，即临产亦可保易生无恙（方内红花元胡索二味，皆是行血滑胎之品，分两
太重，每味只可二钱，方合本方君臣，用者详之）。
三日疟∶古今良方∶九制于术一斤，广皮八两，熬膏，用饴糖四两收。
又方∶专治四日两头或一二年至三四年不愈者，或愈而复发，连绵不已者，用于术一两
，老
这是产于潜县的野术，其中以县治后方鹤山出产的为第一等，如今很难得到，价格昂贵（八两银子换一两）。它的形状有像鹤颈、鹤头一样的，翅膀和脚都齐全，皮细且带黄色，切开后里面有朱砂点；其次的是北乡出产的，皮色带黑而不黄。茅翼云说：产于徽州的都是人工种植的术，俗称“粪术”。是用粪力浇灌长大的，肥大但没有鹤颈。野生的叫“天生术”，形体小，有非常长的鹤颈，里面也有朱砂点，术上有须的尤其好，因为得土气浓厚。于术也是野生的，产于潜县，产在县城龙脉土地上的，里面的斑点真正像朱砂，猩红如洒血一样。具有鹤颈、肉、芦干清香的特点。产于其他地方的，内部或许没有斑点纯白，或者有黄点，总之都不及龙脉上出产的上品。冬天采收，形味才完整。有一种江西术，形体很小，与野术相似，虽然有鹤颈但很短，体质坚实，味道苦劣不可用。《万历杭州府志》记载：白术以产于潜县的为佳，称为于术。《清异录》记载：潜山出产好的术，因为它盘结丑陋怪异，有野兽的形状，所以号称狮子术。《西吴里语》记载：孝丰天目山有仙丈峰，出产吴术，名叫鸡腿术，入药最佳。《百草镜》说：白术一茎直上，高不超过一尺，叶子长而尖，旁边有针刺纹，花像小蓟，冬天采的叫冬术。汁液回归根本，滋润而不枯燥，却容易出油，不能止泻。春天采夏天采的，存放久了虽然不易出油，却枯燥不润，肉质也不饱满。凡是收藏术必须阴干不要晒，晒了就会腐烂。野术形体小，芦梗细硬，皮细。如果芦软而粗，就是种术了。又有象术，是从台术中挑选出像野术的，但切开后有晕纹。台术虽然是种植但不施粪肥，所以不肥大，服用后不胀气。倘若野术难得，这个作为替代是稳妥的。安徽宣城歙县也有野生术，名叫狗头术，也很好。又一种是将野术种子种植，用粪浇灌，形体虽大，皮却细紧，出自樟村，比徽省种植的术稍好。现在人议论野术说：黑土的为真，不知道土色各地不同，不可固执一端而论。又说：小的为真，然而老山的货物年代久了也有大的。又说：有朱砂斑点的为真，不知道于术也有没有朱砂斑点的。据当地人讲：产在县城后面的山脉，以及黄塘至辽东桥一带，向西流水四十里地范围内的术，才有朱砂点，其他地方则没有。但是野术入口，甜味虽重，气味极清香，自然不同。总之以白色为佳，以滋润为妙。叶天士《本草》记载：浸刮后，在饭锅上蒸晒得像枣子那样黑，用黄土炒，是中和胃气、补脾的药物。《本经逢原》记载：云术肥大而气壅滞，台术条细而力薄弱，宁国狗头术皮赤稍大，然而都是栽种灌溉而成，所以其气浑浊，不如于潜野生的气清，没有壅滞的祸患。进入风痹痰湿利水破血的药方中，都生用。然而如果不是于潜出产的，不可以生用。张观斋说：现在有一种野术，深山中一定有，形状像于术，切开有朱砂斑，香而不甜，仔细考究其味道，亲眼见过它的苗，原来是天生的苍术。因为长久没人采摘，所以长得大而宛如于术。大凡术用火焙干的，味道一定苦。生晒的，味道一定甜。台术以及各处种植的术，都是在於术基础上种植变异的，功效虽然不如于术，服用也有验效。如今于术极少，市场上都用仙居所产的野术冒充于术，功效也相等。辛亥年五月，有客人从青田县来，带有天生术，大小如一，约重一两左右，都是生的，未经日晒或火焙干燥，如果干燥了，大约三钱左右。这种术形状俨然像仙鹤，翅膀脚都具备，也有长颈，颈都向左顾盼，一一相似，没有做成块状形的。询问后得知：这种术不生于土，所生长的地方，是青田边境，有一座山，山上有石壁，壁上每年生长此术二三十斤，不能更多。我杭州西北山靠近留下小和山一带地方，以及南尖峰翁家山等处，都出产野术，气味香甜，生吃一二枚，整天不觉得饿。生津溢齿，解渴醒脾，功力最快捷。切开没有朱砂点，肤里腻细，而白如雪色，名叫玉术。又叫雪术。也不容易得到，入药功效，与于术相等。比其他产地野术力量加倍。甘补脾，温和中焦，补气生血，无汗能发汗，有汗能止汗，开胃补脾，就能增进饮食。去除劳倦，停止肌热，化解症癖，和中能治愈呕吐。定痛安胎，燥湿，利小便，生津液，止泄泻，化胃经痰水，理心下急满，利腰脐血结，去周身湿痹。凡是下焦阴气不脱，上焦阳气骤脱者，无力用人参，重用野术，大能起死回生。用糯米泔水浸泡，陈壁土炒，或者蜜水炒，人乳拌用，炒黄不宜焦，焦了就没有力气了。熬膏更好，禁忌同白术。
代参膏：杨春涯验方：于术十斤，用白米泔水浸泡三昼夜，洗净浮皮，蒸晒十次，有油脂沾手为标准。切片熬膏，一次火收成，滴在纸上不化开。用白茯苓十斤，捣碎末用水飞法，去掉浮沫，只取沉淀部分，蒸晒十次。
治虚弱枯瘦，食而不化，用于术酒浸，九蒸九晒一斤，菟丝子酒煮吐丝晒干一斤，共为末。
四制仙术散：治疗盗汗不止，此药入神，于术四两，分四制，一两黄酒煎汁炒，一两牡蛎粉炒，一两麸皮汤炒，一两石斛汤炒，只取术为末，服三钱，粟米汤送下。
各色痢疾：传信方：于术一两，老姜一两，当归五钱，水二碗，煎好后，露天放置一夜服用，自愈。
保胎丸：良方集要：茯苓二两，条芩一两，于术土炒一两，红花一两，没药三钱，制香附一两，元胡索醋炒一两，益母草去根一两，共研末，蜜丸桐子大，早晚白开水服七粒，不宜增减，戒恼怒劳伤，生冷发气等物。凡是遇到腹痛腰酸作胀，即宜服用，怀孕三月，就开始服用，直至足月，不但保胎，即使临产也可保证易生无恙（方内红花元胡索二味，皆是行血滑胎之品，分量太重，每味只可二钱，方合本方君臣，使用者详察）。
三日疟：古今良方：九制于术一斤，广皮八两，熬膏，用饴糖四两收膏。
又方：专治四日两头发作或一两年到三四年不愈者，或者愈而复发，连绵不已者，用于术一两，老[生姜]...
This is wild Atractylodes macrocephala produced in Qian County. The best grade comes from Heshan behind the county government, which is now hard to obtain and expensive (eight taels of silver for one tael). Its shape resembles a crane's neck and head, with wings and feet complete; the skin is fine and yellowish, and when cut open, it contains cinnabar spots. The next best grade comes from Beixiang, with blackish-yellow skin. Mao Yiyun stated: Those produced in Huizhou are cultivated Atractylodes, commonly known as "Manure Atractylodes." They are grown large through manure irrigation, are plump but lack the crane-like neck. Wild ones are called "Nature-born Atractylodes," small in size, with very long crane-like necks and cinnabar spots inside. Those with rhizome hairs are especially good because they absorb rich earth qi. Yu Zhu is also wild, produced in Qian County. Those growing on the dragon vein soil of the county seat have internal spots truly resembling cinnabar, bright red like splashed blood. It possesses the clear fragrance of the crane neck, flesh, and rhizome. Others produced elsewhere may be pure white without spots or have yellow spots, but none compare to the premium quality from the dragon vein. Harvested in winter, its form and flavor are complete. There is a Jiangxi variety, very small and similar to wild Atractylodes, with short crane-like necks, firm texture, and bitter taste, making it unusable. *Wanli Hangzhou Prefecture Gazetteer* records: White Atractylodes from Qian County is best, called Yu Zhu. *Qingyi Lu* records: Qianshan produces excellent Atractylodes, named Lion Atractylodes due to its knotted, ugly, beast-like shape. *Xi Wu Li Yu* records: Xianzhang Peak in Tianmu Mountain, Xiaofeng, produces Wu Zhu, named Chicken Leg Atractylodes, best for medicinal use. *Baicao Jing* states: White Atractylodes has a single straight stem, not exceeding one chi high, with long pointed leaves and needle-like veins, flowers like small thistle. Winter-harvested is called Winter Atractylodes. Its juice returns to the root, moistening without dryness, but prone to oiliness and ineffective for stopping diarrhea. Spring or summer harvested, stored long-term becomes dry and non-moisturizing, with shriveled flesh. Atractylodes must be dried in shade, never sun-dried, or it will rot. Wild Atractylodes is small, with thin, hard rhizomes and fine skin. Soft, thick rhizomes indicate cultivated varieties. There is also Elephant Atractylodes, selected from Tai Atractylodes resembling wild types, but showing concentric rings when cut. Tai Atractylodes is cultivated without manure, so it is not plump and does not cause bloating. If wild Atractylodes is scarce, this is a stable substitute. Wild Atractylodes, named Dog Head Atractylodes, is also good, found in Xuancheng and Shexian, Anhui. Another type is cultivated from wild seeds with manure irrigation; though large, the skin is tight and fine, produced in Zhangcun, slightly better than Huizhou cultivated types. Current discussions on wild Atractylodes claim black soil indicates authenticity, but soil colors vary by region. Small size is claimed to be authentic, but old mountain stock ages into larger sizes. Cinnabar spots are claimed to be authentic, but Yu Zhu may lack them. Locals state that only those from mountains behind the county, and areas from Huangtang to Liaodong Bridge along west-flowing water for forty li, possess cinnabar spots. However, wild Atractylodes tastes sweet and smells extremely fragrant, distinctively different. Generally, white color is preferred, and moisture is ideal. Ye Tianshi's *Bencao* notes: Soaked, scraped, steamed over rice pots until dark like dates, stir-fried with yellow earth, it harmonizes the middle jiao and tonifies the spleen. *Benjing Fengyuan* states: Yun Zhu is plump but causes qi stagnation; Tai Zhu is thin and weak; Ningguo Dog Head Atractylodes has reddish skin and is slightly larger, but all are cultivated, resulting in turbid qi, unlike the clear qi of Qian wild Atractylodes without stagnation risks. For wind-bi, phlegm-dampness, diuretic, and blood-breaking formulas, use raw. Only Qian-produced should be used raw. Zhang Guanzhai noted: A wild type exists in deep mountains, resembling Yu Zhu with cinnabar spots, fragrant but not sweet. Careful examination of taste and observation of the plant reveals it is naturally occurring Cang Zhu (Atractylodes lancea). Due to lack of harvesting, it grows large, mimicking Yu Zhu. Fire-baked Atractylodes tastes bitter; sun-dried tastes sweet. Tai Zhu and other cultivated types are mutations of Yu Zhu cultivation; while less potent, they are effective. Currently, Yu Zhu is rare; markets pass off Xiansuo wild Atractylodes as Yu Zhu, with equal efficacy. In May of Xinhai year, a guest from Qingtian brought Nature-born Atractylodes, uniform in size, weighing about one tael each, raw and unprocessed. Dried, they would weigh about three qian. These resemble cranes perfectly, with wings, feet, and left-facing long necks, no lumpy forms. They grow on stone cliffs in Qingtian border mountains, yielding 20-30 jin annually. In Hangzhou's northwest mountains near Liu Xia, Xiaohe Shan, Nanjian Peak, and Wengjia Shan, wild Atractylodes grows with sweet fragrance. Eating one or two raw stops hunger all day, generates saliva, quenches thirst, awakens the spleen, and acts swiftly. Cut open, it lacks cinnabar spots, has fine white flesh like snow, called Jade Atractylodes or Snow Atractylodes. Hard to obtain, its efficacy equals Yu Zhu, doubling that of other wild types. It sweetly tonifies the spleen, warms the middle, boosts qi and blood, induces sweat if absent, stops sweating if present, opens the stomach, aids digestion, removes fatigue, clears muscular heat, resolves masses, harmonizes the middle to stop vomiting, calms pain, secures the fetus, dries dampness, promotes urination, generates fluids, stops diarrhea, transforms stomach phlegm-water, regulates epigastric fullness, benefits lumbar-umbilical blood stasis, and removes whole-body damp-bi. For sudden collapse of upper jiao yang qi without lower jiao yin escape, when Ginseng is too strong, heavy doses of wild Atractylodes can revive the dying. Soak in rice wash, stir-fry with old wall earth or honey water, or mix with human milk. Stir-fry until yellow, not burnt. Making paste is superior. Taboos same as Bai Zhu.
Dai Shen Gao (Ginseng Substitute Paste): Yang Chunya's verified formula: Ten jin of Yu Zhu, soaked in white rice wash for three days and nights, washed to remove floating skin, steamed and sun-dried ten times until oily to touch. Sliced and boiled into paste, cooked once until it doesn't melt on paper. Ten jin of Poria cocos, pounded, water-washed, sediment retained, steamed and sun-dried ten times.
For weakness and emaciation, indigestion: Soak Yu Zhu in wine, nine steam-nine sun processes, one jin. One jin of Dodder seed, wine-boiled until threads appear, sun-dried. Pound together into powder.
Si Zhi Xian Shu San (Four-Processed Immortal Atractylodes Powder): Treats incessant night sweats. Yu Zhu four liang, processed four ways: one liang stir-fried with yellow wine decoction, one liang with oyster shell powder, one liang with bran soup, one liang with Dendrobium soup. Take only the Atractylodes powder, three qian per dose, taken with millet soup.
Various Dysentery: Chuanxin Formula: One liang Yu Zhu, one liang old ginger, five qian Angelica sinensis, two bowls of water. Decoct, leave exposed overnight, then take. Self-heals.
Bao Tai Wan (Fetus-Securing Pills): Liangfang Jiyao: Two liang Poria, one liang Scutellaria baicalensis, one liang Yu Zhu stir-fried with earth, one liang Carthamus tinctorius, three qian Myrrh, one liang Cyperus rotundus processed, one liang Corydalis yanhusuo vinegar-processed, one liang Motherwort (root removed). Pound into powder, honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take seven pills morning and evening with plain water. Do not alter dosage. Avoid anger, labor, cold/raw foods. Take at first sign of abdominal pain or sore waist during pregnancy, starting from the third month until term. Ensures safe delivery. (Note: Carthamus and Corydalis promote blood movement and slippery fetus; dosages are too heavy. Use two qian each to match the formula's hierarchy. Users should adjust carefully.)
Tertian Malaria: Gujin Liangfang: Nine-processed Yu Zhu one jin, Exocarpium citri reticulatum eight liang. Boil into paste, finish with four liang maltose.
Another Formula: Specifically treats malaria occurring every four days, or persisting for one to three years, recurring endlessly. Use one liang Yu Zhu, old [ginger]...