云南志∶产禄劝州普渡河濒江石壁间，色绀红者佳。
疗胃热，益虚羸。
经疏云∶俗用柴胡有二种∶一种色白黄而大者，名银柴胡。专用治劳热骨蒸，色微黑而
细者
，用以解表发散。本经并无二种之说，功用亦无分别，但云银州者为最，则知其优于发散，
而非治虚热之药明矣。
本草汇∶柴胡产银夏者，色微白而软，为银柴胡。用以治劳弱骨蒸，以黄牯牛溺浸一宿，
晒
干，治劳热试验。本经逢原云∶银柴胡银州者良。今延安府五原城所产者长尺余，肥白而软
，北地产者如前胡而软，今人谓之北柴胡。勿令犯火，犯火则不效。 百草镜云∶出陕西宁
夏镇，二月采叶，名芸蒿。长尺余，微白，力弱于柴胡。 药辨云∶银柴胡出宁夏镇，形如
黄，内有甘草串，不可混用。 翁有良云∶银柴胡产银州者佳，有二种。但辨形如鼠尾，
与前胡相等。查前胡与柴胡相类，皆以西北出产者为胜，形既相同，当以湖广古城柴胡为准
。今银柴胡粗细不等，大如拇指，长数尺，形不类鼠尾，又不似前胡，较本草不对，治病难
分两用，究非的确，用者详之。 金御乘云∶银州柴胡软而白，北产亦有白色者，今人以充
白头翁，此种亦可谓银柴胡。盖银指色言，不指地言。尤金银花白色者曰银花是也。银柴胡
原有西产北产之分，不必定以银夏者为银柴胡也。然入药以西产者胜。 按∶纲目注银柴胡
以银夏出者为胜，不知今人所用柴胡，有北柴胡南柴胡之分。北产如前胡而软，南产强硬不
堪用。又银柴胡虽发表，不似柴胡之峻烈，纲目俱混而未析。
甘微寒无毒，行足阳明少阴，其性与石斛不甚相远，不但清热，兼能凉血。和剂局方治
上下
诸血，龙脑鸡苏丸中用之，凡入虚劳方中，惟银州者为宜。北柴胡升动虚阳，发热喘嗽，愈
无宁宇，可不辨而混用乎。按∶柴胡条下，本经推陈致新。明目益精，皆指银夏者而言。非
北柴胡所能也。
周一士云∶凡热在骨髓者，非银柴胡莫疗。
治虚劳肌热，骨蒸劳虐，热从髓出，小儿五疳羸热。
《云南志》记载：产于禄劝州普渡河临近江岸的石壁之间，颜色呈绀红色的品质最佳。
能够治疗胃热，补益身体虚弱消瘦。
《本草经疏》说：民间使用的柴胡有两种：一种颜色白中带黄且个头较大的，称为银柴胡。专门用于治疗虚劳发热、骨蒸潮热；另一种颜色微黑且细长的，用来解表发散。《神农本草经》中并没有提到这两种的区别，功效也没有分别，只是说产自银州的最好，由此可知它优于解表发散，而不是治疗虚热的药物，这已经很明确了。
《本草汇》记载：柴胡产自银州和夏州的，颜色微白且质地柔软，称为银柴胡。用它来治疗虚劳衰弱引起的骨蒸潮热，用黄牯牛的尿液浸泡一夜，晒干后，治疗劳热效果显著。《本经逢原》说：银柴胡以银州出产的为良。现在延安府五原城出产的长达一尺多，肥大、白色且柔软；北方出产的像前胡一样柔软，现在的人称之为北柴胡。不要让火接触，一旦受火烤就无效了。
《百草镜》说：产于陕西宁夏镇，二月采集叶子，名叫芸蒿。长度一尺多，颜色微白，药力比柴胡弱。
《药辨》说：银柴胡产于宁夏镇，形状像黄连，内部有甘草串状物，不可混淆使用。
翁有良说：银柴胡以银州出产的品质佳，有两种。只要辨别形状像老鼠尾巴，与前胡大小相等。查考前胡与柴胡相似，都以西北出产的为优，既然形状相同，应当以湖广古城产的柴胡为标准。现在的银柴胡粗细不等，大的如拇指，长几尺，形状不像鼠尾，也不像前胡，与本草药性不符，治病难以区分两种用途，终究不确切，使用者要仔细分辨。
金御乘说：银州产的柴胡柔软而白，北方出产的也有白色的，现在人用来冒充白头翁，这种也可以称为银柴胡。大概“银”是指颜色而言，不是指产地。就像金银花中白色的叫银花一样。银柴胡原本就有西产和北产之分，不必一定认定银州和夏州出产的才是银柴胡。然而入药以西产的为好。
按语：《本草纲目》注释银柴胡以银州和夏州出产的为胜，不知道现在人使用的柴胡，有北柴胡和南柴胡之分。北产的像前胡一样柔软，南产的强硬不堪使用。另外银柴胡虽然能发表（解表），但不像柴胡那样峻烈，《本草纲目》都混杂而未加分析。
味甘、微寒，无毒，归足阳明胃经和足少阴肾经，其性质与石斛不太相近，不仅能清热，还能凉血。《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗上下各部位出血症，在龙脑鸡苏丸中使用它。凡是进入治疗虚劳的方剂中，只有银州出产的才适宜。北柴胡升动虚阳，导致发热喘嗽，更加没有安宁之时，能不辨别而混用吗？按语：在柴胡条目下，《神农本草经》提到的推陈致新、明目益精，都是指银州和夏州出产的而言。这不是北柴胡所能做到的。
*Yunnan Zhi* records: It is produced in the rock cliffs near the Pudu River in Luquan Prefecture. Those with a purplish-red color are of the best quality.
It treats stomach heat and benefits deficiency emaciation (weakness and thinness due to deficiency).
*Benshu Jing Shu* states: There are two types of Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) used in common practice: one type is white with yellow hues and large, named Yin Chai Hu (Stellariae Radix), which is specifically used to treat consumptive fever and bone-steaming tidal fever; the other type is slightly black and slender, used for releasing the exterior and dispersing pathogens. *Shennong Bencao Jing* does not mention this distinction between two types, nor does it differentiate their functions, but merely states that those from Yinzhou are the best, indicating that they are superior for releasing the exterior and dispersing, rather than being medicines for treating deficiency heat, which is clear.
*Benshu Hui* records: Chai Hu produced in Yinzhou and Xiazhou has a slightly white color and soft texture, known as Yin Chai Hu. It is used to treat bone-steaming tidal fever caused by consumptive weakness. After soaking in the urine of a yellow ox overnight and drying in the sun, it proves effective for treating consumptive fever. *Benjing Fengyuan* states: Yin Chai Hu from Yinzhou is good. Currently, those produced in Wuyuan City, Yan'an Prefecture, are over a chi long, fat, white, and soft; those produced in the north are soft like Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix) and are now called Bei Chai Hu (Northern Bupleuri Radix). Do not let them come into contact with fire, otherwise they will lose efficacy.
*Baicao Jing* states: It comes from Ningxia Town, Shaanxi. The leaves are harvested in February, named Yun Hao. They are over a chi long, slightly white, and weaker in potency than Chai Hu.
*Yaobian* states: Yin Chai Hu comes from Ningxia Town. Its shape resembles Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), containing clusters resembling Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma); do not confuse it with others.
Weng Youliang states: Yin Chai Hu from Yinzhou is of fine quality and has two types. One can distinguish it if its shape resembles a rat's tail and is equal in size to Qian Hu. Investigating further, Qian Hu and Chai Hu are similar, with those from the northwest being superior. Since their shapes are alike, one should take the Chai Hu from Gucheng, Huguang, as the standard. Current Yin Chai Hu varies in thickness, some as thick as a thumb and several chi long, neither resembling a rat's tail nor looking like Qian Hu. This does not align with the materia medica, making it difficult to distinguish the two uses in treatment, and ultimately not accurate; users should examine carefully.
Jin Yucheng states: Chai Hu from Yinzhou is soft and white. Those produced in the north are also white, and people currently use them to pass off as Bai Tou Weng (Pulsatillae Radix); this kind can also be called Yin Chai Hu. "Yin" likely refers to color, not place, just as the white variety of Jin Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) is called Yin Hua. Yin Chai Hu originally had distinctions between western and northern production, so it is not necessary to strictly define only those from Yinzhou and Xiazhou as Yin Chai Hu. However, those from the west are superior for medicinal use.
Note: *Bencao Gangmu* notes that Yin Chai Hu from Yinzhou and Xiazhou is superior, unaware that current Chai Hu usage distinguishes between Bei Chai Hu (Northern Bupleuri Radix) and Nan Chai Hu (Southern Bupleuri Radix). Northern varieties are soft like Qian Hu, while southern varieties are hard and unsuitable for use. Furthermore, although Yin Chai Hu can release the exterior, it is not as harsh as Chai Hu; *Bencao Gangmu* mixes them without analysis.
The taste is sweet and slightly cold, non-toxic. It enters the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Its nature is not very close to Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis); it not only clears heat but also cools blood. In *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*, it is used to treat bleeding from various parts above and below the body, such as in Long Nao Ji Su Wan. Whenever entering formulas for treating consumptive diseases, only those from Yinzhou are suitable. Bei Chai Hu ascends and agitates deficient yang, causing fever, wheezing, and coughing, leaving no peace; how can one fail to distinguish and mix them indiscriminately? Note: Under the entry for Chai Hu, *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions pushing out the old and generating the new, brightening the eyes, and benefiting essence; these all refer to those from Yinzhou and Xiazhou. This is beyond the capability of Bei Chai Hu.
Zhou Yishi states: For heat located in the marrow, nothing can treat it better than Yin Chai Hu.
It treats consumptive disease with muscle fever, bone-steaming toxic heat, heat emanating from the marrow, and pediatric five-type malnutrition with emaciating fever.