川中一种黄连，生于泽旁，周身有黄毛如狗脊毛状，名水黄连。颇细小，医家不知用，
布人
以之伪充真川连出售，惟祝氏效方用之。 百草镜∶水黄连打箭炉出者，形细长，少硬刺，
较重于他连，以皮肉带青色者为佳，出小西天者，色黑有毛者佳，无毛光黄者次之。
治鼻疳∶用百部三钱，切片，晒干炒，取净末二钱，地骨净炒二钱，五倍子炒，黄柏炒
，甘
愈。
出云南省，药肆皆有之，干者形如丝，上有小根头，土人盘取之以市。
性寒而不峻，味苦而稍减，不似川连之浓，性能去皮里膜外及筋络之邪热，小儿伤风及
痘科
即僧鞋菊
此乃乌头之产于浙地，钱塘笕桥人种之，市为风痪药，近日人家园圃亦有之，名鹦 菊。
又
追风活血，取根入药酒良。
五色石斛附
出江南霍山，形较钗斛细小，色黄，而形曲不直，有成球者，彼土人以代茶茗，云极解
暑醒
脾，止渴利水，益人气力。或取熬膏饷客，初未有行之者，近年江南北盛行之，有不给。市
贾率以风兰根伪充，但风兰形直不缩，色青黯，嚼之不粘齿，味微辛，霍石斛嚼之微有浆，
粘齿，味甘微咸，形缩者真。 百草镜∶石斛近时有一种形短只寸许，细如灯心，色青黄，
咀之味甘，微有滑涎，系出六安州及 州府霍山县，名霍山石斛。最佳。咀之无涎者，系生
木上，不可用，其功长于清胃热，惟胃肾有虚热者宜之，虚而无火者忌用。 年希尧集验良
方∶长生丹用甜石斛，即霍石斛也。范瑶初云∶霍山属六安州，其地所产石斛，名米心石斛
。以其形如累米，多节，类竹鞭，干之成团，他产者不能米心，亦不成团也。
甘平微咸。陈廷庆云∶本草多言石斛甘淡入脾，咸平入胃。今市中金钗及诸斛俱苦而不
甘，
性亦寒，且形不似金钗，当以霍斛为真金钗斛。 清胃除虚热，生津已劳损，以之代茶，开
胃健脾。功同参 。 定惊疗风，能镇涎痰。 解暑，甘芳降气。
四川有一种黄连，生长在沼泽旁边，全身长有像狗脊毛一样的黄色绒毛，名叫水黄连。它非常细小，医生们不知道使用它，布商用它来冒充真正的川黄连出售，只有祝氏的效方中使用它。《百草镜》记载：从打箭炉出产的水黄连，形状细长，硬刺较少，比其他黄连重，以皮肉带青色为佳品；从小西天出产的，以色黑有毛的为佳，无毛且光黄的次之。治疗鼻疳（鼻腔内的疮疡）：用百部三钱，切片，晒干后炒制，取纯净药末二钱，地骨皮净炒二钱，五倍子炒制，黄柏炒制，甘草适量，共研细末，每次服用二钱，用米汤送服，即可痊愈。
产自云南省，药店里都有售卖，干燥后的形态像丝线一样，上面有小根头，当地人挖掘采集后在市场上出售。其性寒但不猛烈，味苦但稍减，不像川黄连那样浓烈，其性能可以清除皮里膜外及筋络中的邪热，用于治疗小儿伤风以及痘科疾病。
这是乌头的一种，产于浙江地区，钱塘笕桥的人种植它，市场上作为治疗风瘫的药物出售，近日人家园圃中也有种植，名叫鹦哥菊。又能追风活血，取根部入药酒中效果良好。
五色石斛附注：产自江南霍山，形状比金钗石斛细小，颜色发黄，形态弯曲不直，有的结成球状，当地人以它代替茶茗饮用，说它能极有效地解暑醒脾，止渴利水，增加人的气力。有人将其熬成膏剂招待客人，起初没有人这样做，近年在长江南北盛行起来，以至于供不应求。市场商人常用风兰根冒充，但风兰形状直而不收缩，颜色青暗，咀嚼时不粘牙，味道微辛；霍石斛咀嚼时微有浆液，粘牙，味道甘微咸，形状收缩的是真品。《百草镜》记载：石斛近来有一种形状短小仅一寸左右，细如灯心草，颜色青黄，咀嚼时味道甘甜，微有滑腻的涎液，系出六安州及徽州府霍山县，名叫霍山石斛，品质最佳。咀嚼时无涎液的，是生在树木上的，不可使用，它的功效长于清胃热，只有胃肾有虚热者适宜使用，虚而无火者忌用。年希尧《集验良方》记载：长生丹使用甜石斛，即霍石斛。范瑶初说：霍山属于六安州，当地所产的石斛，名叫米心石斛。因为它的形状像堆积的米粒，多节，类似竹鞭，干燥后成团，其他产地产的不能形成米心，也不能成团。
味甘、平、微咸。陈廷庆说：本草中多言石斛甘淡入脾，咸平入胃。如今市中金钗石斛及其他各种石斛都苦而不甘，性也寒，而且形状不像金钗，应当以霍山石斛为真正的金钗石斛。具有清胃除虚热、生津液以治愈劳损的功效，用它代替茶饮，可开胃健脾。功效与人参相当。能定惊疗风，镇伏涎痰。能解暑，味甘芳香，能降气。
A type of Coptis chinensis (Huanglian, 黄连) in Sichuan grows beside swamps. The entire plant is covered with yellow hairs resembling those of *Dryopteris crassirhizoma* (Gouji, 狗脊), and it is named Shui Huanglian (Water Coptis, 水黄连). It is quite small; physicians are unfamiliar with its use. Cloth merchants pass it off as genuine Sichuan Coptis for sale. Only the formulas of the Zhu family utilize it. *Baicao Jing* records: Shui Huanglian from Dajianlu has a slender shape, fewer hard spines, and is heavier than other types of Coptis. Those with skin and flesh tinged with green are considered superior. From Xiaoxitian, those that are black and hairy are best, while those without hair and bright yellow are inferior. For treating nasal gan (nasal ulceration): Use 3 qian of *Stemona sessilifolia* (Bubai, 百部), sliced, sun-dried, and stir-fried. Extract 2 qian of the pure powder. Use 2 qian of stir-fried *Cortex Lycii* (Digupi, 地骨皮), stir-fried *Galla Chinensis* (Wubeizi, 五倍子), stir-fried *Phellodendri Cortex* (Huangbai, 黄柏), and licorice. Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, washed down with rice water, and it will cure.
Produced in Yunnan Province, available in all pharmacies. When dried, it resembles threads, with small root heads on top. Locals dig it up to sell in the market. Its nature is cold but not severe; its taste is bitter but slightly milder. Unlike the strong potency of Sichuan Coptis, it can clear pathogenic heat from between the skin and fascia, as well as from the sinews and collaterals. It is used for wind-cold injury in children and diseases related to the variola (smallpox) department.
This is a variety of *Aconitum carmichaelii* (Wutou, 乌头) produced in Zhejiang. People in Jianqiao, Qiantang, cultivate it and sell it in the market as a remedy for wind-induced paralysis. Recently, some households also grow it in their gardens, naming it Yingge Ju (Parakeet Chrysanthemum, 鹦哥菊). It can also dispel wind and invigorate blood; taking the root for medicinal wine is beneficial.
Note on Wuse Shihu (Five-Color Dendrobium): Produced in Huoshan, Jiangnan. Its shape is smaller than Chaihu (Gold-Hairpin Dendrobium), yellowish in color, curved rather than straight, sometimes forming ball-like clusters. Locals use it as a tea substitute, claiming it effectively clears summerheat, awakens the spleen, relieves thirst, promotes urination, and boosts vitality. Some boil it into paste to serve guests. Initially, this practice was rare, but recently it has become popular north and south of the Yangtze River, leading to shortages. Merchants often fake it with roots of *Dendrobium fimbriatum* var. *oculatum* (Fenglan, 风兰). However, Fenglan is straight and does not shrink, is dark green, does not stick to teeth when chewed, and tastes slightly acrid. Huoshan Shihu yields a slight juice when chewed, sticks to teeth, tastes sweet and slightly salty, and shrinks in shape—these indicate authenticity. *Baicao Jing* records: There is a recent type of Shihu that is short, only about one cun long, thin as rushlight, yellowish-green in color, tastes sweet when chewed, and produces a slight slippery saliva. It originates from Lu'an Prefecture and Huoshan County in Huizhou Prefecture, named Huoshan Shihu, which is of the best quality. Those that produce no saliva when chewed grow on trees and are unusable. Its efficacy lies mainly in clearing stomach heat; it is suitable for those with deficiency heat in the stomach and kidneys, but contraindicated for those with deficiency without fire. Nian Xiyao's *Jiyan Liangfang* states: Changsheng Dan uses Tian Shihu (Sweet Dendrobium), which is Huoshan Shihu. Fan Yaochu stated: Huoshan belongs to Lu'an Prefecture. The Shihu produced there is called Mixin Shihu (Rice-Core Dendrobium). Because its shape resembles piled rice grains, has many nodes, and looks like bamboo rhizomes, it forms a cluster when dried. Others cannot form a rice core or a cluster.
Taste is sweet, neutral, and slightly salty. Chen Tingqing said: Materia Medica texts mostly state that Shihu is sweet and bland, entering the spleen, and salty and neutral, entering the stomach. Currently, the Chaihu and other types of Shihu in the market are bitter and not sweet, and their nature is cold. Moreover, their shapes do not resemble gold hairpins. Therefore, Huoshan Shihu should be regarded as the true Chaihu Shihu. It clears the stomach and removes deficiency heat, generates fluids to heal consumptive disorders. Used as a tea substitute, it opens the appetite and strengthens the spleen. Its efficacy is comparable to Ginseng. It calms fright and treats wind, capable of settling phlegm. It clears summerheat; being sweet and aromatic, it directs qi downward.