纲目∶都捻子,即倒捻子,仅言其治痰嗽哕气,暖腹脏,益肌肉而已。时珍曰∶食之必
倒捻
其蒂,故谓之倒捻子,讹为都捻子也。味甚甘软。粤语∶都捻子朴 丛生,花如芍药而小,
春时开有红、白二种。子如软柿,外紫内赤,亦小,有四叶承之;子汁可染,若胭脂。花可
为酒,叶可曲,皮渍之得胶以代柿。苏子瞻名为海漆,非漆而曰漆,以其得乙木之液,凝而
为血,可补人之血,与漆同功,功逾青粘,故名。以其为用甚众,食治皆需,故名都念。产
罗浮者,高丈许,子尤美。岭南酒有以花为酿而杂以诸果者,花则以槟榔花为最,果则以倒
捻子为最。倒捻子,又名粘子,花于暮春,实于盛夏,谚曰∶六月六,粘子熟。熟以为酒,
色红味甘,人与猿猴争食之,所在皆然。
东坡杂记∶吾谪居南海,以五月出陆至滕州,自滕至儋,野花夹道,如芍药而小,红鲜
可爱
,朴 丛生,土人云,倒粘子花也,至儋则已结子,烂紫可食,殊甘美,中有细核,嚼之瑟
瑟有声,亦颇苦沁。儿童食之,使大便难。野人夏秋下痢,食叶辄已。
子活血、补血,研滤为膏饵之,又止肠滑。
皮
纲目甘蔗条,濒湖特补蔗滓,言其治小儿白秃,烧烟入目令目暗,其他未能悉,今复广
之。
救生苦海∶收口长肉,背疽恶疮,用之屡效。收甘蔗滓晒燥, 存性,研极细,以小竹
管如
疮口大者一个,以细夏布扎紧于上,筛药填满疮孔内,膏药盖住,自能收口。
医键云∶对口,一名枭疽,用甘蔗滓焙燥为末,白色狗屎焙末,和匀,将竹管一个,稀
绢包
竹管头,入药筛膏药上贴之,垂死者亦生。
痘疔 经验单方∶用甘蔗滓晒干,真香油点灯烧成灰,以津液调匀,银簪挑破点上,立
效。
一方加珍珠油胭脂调涂,更效。 敏按∶蔗有数种,紫皮者,名昆仑蔗;青皮者,乃扶风蔗
也。黄海若云∶凡痘疹不出,及闷痘不发,毒盛胀满者,此痘属急症,宜青皮甘蔗榨汁与食
,不时频进,则痘立起。其寒散解毒之功,过于蚯蚓白鸽,惜人不知其功用。入药如用滓,
亦宜以青皮蔗滓为上。
蔗皮 纲目止载治口疳,而不知其皮可入香料,海外三珠有四叶香饼,乃用蔗皮。又干
者垫
卧,可去郁热。本草汇有接气沐龙汤,亦用其皮,故为补其说。
腊梨初起 百草镜∶紫甘蔗皮 存性,香油调搽。
接气沐龙汤∶专治阳衰久痿滑精,不用内服,惟主外治。大约患此者或由禀弱,或由纵
欲,
或忧郁所致,或心肾不交,用此最妙。紫稍花、甘草、甘遂、良姜、文蛤、母丁香、巴戟天
、川乌、附子、吴茱萸、川椒、细辛、淫羊藿、蛇床子、楝树子、甘松各一两,锁阳、苁蓉
、官桂、羊皮、红蔗皮、满山红、罂粟壳水泡去筋各二两,红豆七十粒。须择酒药内所用辣
者,白颈蚯蚓七条炙,倭铅八两切薄片,匀七剂,每日一剂,瓦锅内煎汤,先熏后洗,以冷
为度,晚重温药汤再洗,如此七日内禁房事。
坐板疮 甘蔗皮烧存性,香油调涂(家宝方)。
竹衣乖 经验广集∶此药治竹衣乖,并无皮肤,脓血淋漓,赤剥杨梅,一切胎毒。用炉
甘石
童便四次)一两,黄柏(猪胆涂炙七次)、紫甘蔗皮烧存性、孩儿茶、赤石脂各五钱,绿豆
粉炒七分,冰片五分,为末,
先用麻油将鸡蛋黄煎黑,去黄候冷,调涂即愈。
《本草纲目》记载:都捻子,就是倒捻子,只提到它能治疗痰嗽、呃逆气逆,温暖腹脏,滋补肌肉罢了。李时珍说:吃它的时候必定要倒着捏它的蒂部,所以叫倒捻子,讹传为都捻子。味道非常甘甜软糯。粤语称:都捻子丛生,花朵像芍药但较小,春季开花有红、白两种。果实像柔软的柿子,外皮紫色内里赤红,也较小,有四片叶子承托;果汁可以染色,像胭脂一样。花可以用来酿酒,叶子可以做酒曲,果皮浸泡可得胶来代替柿胶。苏东坡(苏轼)称之为海漆,不是漆却叫漆,因为它吸收了乙木的汁液,凝结成类似血液的物质,可以补充人的血液,功效与漆相同,且胜过青粘,因此得名。因为它的用途很多,饮食和治疗都需要,所以名叫都念。产于罗浮山的,树高一丈多,果实尤其美好。岭南地区的酒有用花酿造并混合各种果实的,其中花以槟榔花为最佳,果实以倒捻子为最佳。倒捻子,又名粘子,暮春开花,盛夏结果,谚语说:“六月六,粘子熟。”成熟后用来酿酒,颜色红、味道甜,人和猿猴都争着吃,各地都是如此。
《东坡杂记》记载:我贬谪居住在南海,五月从陆路出发到滕州,从滕州到儋州,野花夹道,像芍药但较小,红润鲜艳可爱,丛生,当地人说是倒粘子花,到了儋州已经结果,紫烂可食,特别甘美,中间有细小的核,嚼起来沙沙作响,也有些苦味沁入。儿童吃了它,会导致大便困难。野人在夏秋季节患痢疾,吃叶子就能痊愈。
果皮
《本草纲目》甘蔗条中,李时珍特别补充了蔗渣的功效,说它能治疗小儿白秃,燃烧产生的烟进入眼睛会导致视力昏暗,其他功效未能详尽,现在再加以扩充。
《救生苦海》记载:用于收敛伤口、生长肌肉,治疗背疽恶疮,使用此法屡见成效。收集甘蔗渣晒干,保留药性,研成极细粉末,用一根小竹管,大小如疮口,将细夏布扎紧在管口上,筛药粉填满疮孔内,盖上膏药,自然能收口愈合。
《医键》记载:对口疮,又名枭疽,用甘蔗渣焙干研末,白色狗屎焙干研末,混合均匀,取一个竹管,用稀绢包裹竹管头,装入药粉,筛在膏药上贴敷,垂死之人也能救活。
痘疔经验单方:用甘蔗渣晒干,真香油点灯烧成灰,用唾液调匀,用银簪挑破患处点上,立即见效。
另一方加珍珠油胭脂调和涂抹,效果更好。
赵学敏按语:甘蔗有几个品种,紫皮的叫昆仑蔗;青皮的是扶风蔗。黄海若说:凡是痘疹发不出来,以及闷痘不发,毒盛胀满的情况,这种痘属于急症,宜用青皮甘蔗榨汁给患者食用,不时频繁进服,则痘疹立刻发出。其散寒解毒的功效,超过蚯蚓和白鸽,可惜人们不知道它的功用。入药如果要用蔗渣,也应以青皮蔗渣为上品。
蔗皮
《本草纲目》只记载治疗口疳,却不知道它的皮可以加入香料,海外三珠有四叶香饼,就是用蔗皮制作的。又干燥的蔗皮垫在卧具下,可以去除湿热。《本草汇》中有接气沐龙汤,也用到了它的皮,所以补全这一说法。
腊梨初起
《百草镜》记载:紫甘蔗皮保留药性,用香油调和涂抹。
接气沐龙汤:专门治疗阳气衰弱导致的长期阳痿、滑精,不用于内服,主要主外治。大概患此病的人有的由于禀赋虚弱,有的由于纵欲过度,有的由于忧郁所致,或心肾不交,用此方最妙。紫稍花、甘草、甘遂、良姜、文蛤、母丁香、巴戟天、川乌、附子、吴茱萸、川椒、细辛、淫羊藿、蛇床子、楝树子、甘松各一两,锁阳、肉苁蓉、官桂、羊皮、红蔗皮、满山红、罂粟壳水泡去筋各二两,红豆七十粒。必须选择酒药中使用的辛辣者,白颈蚯蚓七条炙烤,倭铅八两切成薄片,平均分成七剂,每日一剂,在瓦锅内煎汤,先熏后洗,以冷却为度,晚上再用温药汤清洗,如此七日内禁止房事。
坐板疮
甘蔗皮烧至保留药性,用香油调和涂抹(家宝方)。
竹衣乖
《经验广集》记载:此药治疗竹衣乖,没有皮肤,脓血淋漓,赤剥杨梅,一切胎毒。用炉甘石(童便浸四次)一两,黄柏(猪胆涂炙七次)、紫甘蔗皮烧至保留药性、孩儿茶、赤石脂各五钱,绿豆粉炒七分,冰片五分,研成粉末。先用麻油将鸡蛋黄煎黑,去掉蛋黄候冷,调和涂抹即愈。
Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) records: Dunianzi is the same as Daoniuzi. It only mentions its ability to treat phlegm coughs and hiccups, warm the abdominal organs, and nourish muscles. Li Shizhen said: When eating it, one must pinch its stem in reverse, hence the name Daoniuzi (Reverse-Pinching Fruit), which was later mispronounced as Dunianzi. Its taste is very sweet and soft. Cantonese dialect calls it: Dunianzi grows in thickets, flowers resemble Peony flowers but are smaller, blooming in spring with red and white varieties. The fruit resembles a soft persimmon, purple on the outside and reddish inside, also small, supported by four leaves; the juice can be used for dyeing, like rouge. Flowers can be used to brew wine, leaves can be used as yeast starters, and the skin can be soaked to obtain gum to substitute for persimmon gum. Su Dongpo (Su Shi) named it Haiqi (Sea Lacquer). It is not lacquer but called so because it absorbs the fluid of Yi Wood, condensing into a substance resembling blood, which can replenish human blood. Its efficacy is similar to lacquer but surpasses Qingnian, hence the name. Because it has many uses and is needed for both food and medicine, it is named Dunian. Those produced in Luofu grow over ten feet high, and their fruits are particularly beautiful. In Lingnan, wines are brewed using flowers mixed with various fruits; among flowers, Areca catechu flower is the best, and among fruits, Daoniuzi is the best. Daoniuzi is also known as Zhanzi. It blooms in late spring and bears fruit in midsummer. The proverb says: "On the sixth day of the sixth month, Zhanzi ripens." When ripe and used for brewing wine, the color is red and the taste is sweet. Humans and monkeys compete to eat it, which is common everywhere.
Dongpo Zaji (Miscellaneous Records of Dongpo) states: I was exiled to live in Nanhai. In May, I traveled overland to Tengzhou, and from Tengzhou to Danzhou. Wild flowers lined the roads, resembling peonies but smaller, bright red and lovely, growing in thickets. Locals said they were flowers of Daozhanzi. By the time I reached Danzhou, they had already borne fruit, rotting purple and edible, extremely sweet and delicious. They contained fine seeds that made a rustling sound when chewed, with a slightly bitter aftertaste. Children who ate them suffered from difficulty in defecation. Natives suffering from dysentery in summer and autumn would recover by eating the leaves.
The fruit invigorates blood and nourishes blood. When ground and filtered into a paste for consumption, it also stops intestinal slipping (chronic diarrhea).
Peel
In the Sugarcane section of Bencao Gangmu, Li Shizhen specifically supplemented the benefits of sugarcane dregs, stating they treat pediatric alopecia capillitii (white scurf of the scalp). Burning them produces smoke that, if entering the eyes, causes dimness of vision. Other effects were not fully detailed, so I am expanding upon them here.
Jiusheng Kuhai (Life-Saving Bitter Sea) records: Used to close wounds and regenerate flesh, treating carbuncles and malignant ulcers with frequent success. Collect sugarcane dregs, dry them in the sun, preserve their medicinal nature, and grind them into an extremely fine powder. Take a small bamboo tube sized to fit the ulcer opening, tie fine linen cloth tightly over the top, sift the powder to fill the ulcer cavity, cover with a plaster, and the wound will naturally heal.
Yijian records: For Duikou sore (carbuncle at the nape of the neck), also known as Xiaoju, bake sugarcane dregs until dry and grind into powder. Bake white dog feces until dry and grind into powder. Mix evenly. Take one bamboo tube, wrap the tip with thin silk, insert the powder, sieve onto a plaster, and apply. Even patients near death can be saved.
Experience Single Formula for Acne Furuncle: Dry sugarcane dregs in the sun. Burn true sesame oil in a lamp to ash. Mix with saliva. Use a silver hairpin to pierce the lesion and apply the mixture. Immediate effect.
Another formula adds Pearl Oil and Rouge for mixing and application, which is even more effective.
Zhao Xuemin's Note: There are several varieties of sugarcane. Purple-skinned ones are called Kunlun Sugarcane; green-skinned ones are Fufeng Sugarcane. Huang Hairuo said: Whenever acne or smallpox fails to erupt, or is suppressed without emerging, with severe toxicity and distension, this type belongs to critical conditions. It is advisable to give fresh juice of green-skinned sugarcane to the patient, administering frequently. The eruption will immediately appear. Its ability to dissipate cold and detoxify surpasses that of earthworms and pigeons. Unfortunately, people do not know its efficacy. If using dregs for medicine, green-skinned sugarcane dregs are superior.
Sugarcane Skin
Bencao Gangmu only records its use for treating mouth ulcers (gangrene of the mouth), unaware that its skin can be added to spices. Overseas products like Sanzhu Four-Leaf Incense Cakes use sugarcane skin. Additionally, dried skin placed under bedding can remove damp-heat. Bencao Hui contains the Jieqi Mulong Decoction, which also uses its skin, thus supplementing this knowledge.
Early Stage of Wax Pear
Baicao Jing records: Burn purple sugarcane skin to preserve its medicinal nature, mix with sesame oil, and apply.
Jieqi Mulong Decoction: Specifically treats long-term impotence and seminal emission due to yang deficiency. It is not for internal use but primarily for external treatment. Patients likely suffer from weak constitution, excessive sexual indulgence, depression, or disharmony between heart and kidney. This formula is most excellent. Zijiaohua (Caulis Sparganii), Gancao (Licorice Root), Gansui (Kansui Root), Liangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Wenge (Clam Shell), Mudingxiang (Mother Clove), Bajitian (Morinda Officinalis Root), Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Yinyanghuo (Epimedii Folium), Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus), Lianshuizi (Meliae Semen), Gansong (Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma) each 1 liang; Suoyang (Cynomorii Herba), Congrong (Cistanche Deserticolae Herba), Guangui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Yangpi (Sheep Skin), Hongzhapi (Red Sugarcane Peel), Manshanhong (Vaccinii Vitisanthemi Fructus), Yingusuqiao (Papaveris Pericarpium soaked in water to remove veins) each 2 liang; Red Beans 70 grains. Must select spicy ingredients used in wine medicines. Baijing Qiuyin (White-intestine Earthworms) 7 pieces roasted. Wowei (Lead) 8 liang sliced thinly. Divide equally into seven doses. One dose daily. Decoct in a clay pot. First fumigate, then wash, allowing to cool. At night, wash again with warm decoction. Abstain from sexual intercourse for seven days.
Bed Sore
Burn sugarcane skin to preserve its medicinal nature, mix with sesame oil, and apply (Jiabao Formula).
Bamboo Skin Disorder
Jingyan Guangji records: This medicine treats Bamboo Skin Disorder, characterized by lack of skin, dripping pus and blood, red peeled lesions resembling bayberry, and all types of fetal toxins. Use Luganshi (Calamina) soaked in child's urine four times, 1 liang; Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) coated with pig bile and roasted seven times; Purple sugarcane skin burned to preserve medicinal nature; Ha'ercha (Child's Tea); Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum) each 5 qian; Lvdoufen (Mung Bean Powder) fried for 7 fen; Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) 5 fen. Grind into powder. First, fry egg yolk in sesame oil until black, remove the yolk, let cool, mix, and apply for cure.