虾米 莺爪 虾子 对虾
虾生淡水者色青，生咸水者色白。溪涧中出者壳浓气腥，以其得土气薄也；湖泽池沼中
者壳
薄肉满，气不腥，味佳；海中者色白肉粗，味殊劣。入药以湖泽中者为第一。以虾煮晒干去
壳，大者曰莺爪，小者曰虾米，又虾子名曰虾春；钱塘八月潮盛时，江滨人俟潮退后，率于
江沙浅水处捞取虾子，入市货卖。黠者以腐渣搀和，须取少许置铜铫中，和盐炒之，色纯红
者乃真。多腌藏贮作来春食品。纲目虾及海虾分条明晰，于虾内集解下载虾米，海虾集解下
载对虾，皆不立主治，仅云充馔品而已，故悉为补正其缺。
味甘性平，逐风痰胡潜法制编有蛤蚧虾制法，云食之补肾益阳。虾米一斤，蛤蚧二枚，
茴香
、蜀椒各四两，并以青盐化酒炙炒，以木香末一两和匀，乘热收新瓶中，密封，每服一匙，
空心监酒嚼下，甚妙。
味甘性平，治疣去癣（食物宜忌）。
治无乳及乳病，虾米酒∶鲜虾米一片，取净肉捣烂，黄酒热服，少时乳至，再用猪蹄汤
饮之，一日几次，其乳如泉。
宣吐风痰不药良方∶连壳虾米半斤，入葱姜酱煮汁，先吃虾，后吃汁，紧束肚腹，以鸡
翎探引取吐。
赤白游风不药良方∶虾米捣碎敷之。
鲜者味甘，腌者味咸甘，皆性温助阳，通血脉，（俱见食物宜忌） 敏按∶粤语云，虾
春，非
虾子也。江中有水 ，大仅如豆，其卵散布，取之不穷，然则虾春之性当与虾性有别。陈芝
山助阳之说，或未加精核耳。
虾米、莺爪、虾子、对虾：
生长在淡水中（如河流）的虾颜色发青，生长在咸水（如海洋）中的虾颜色发白。从溪涧中产出的虾壳厚且气味腥臊，这是因为它们汲取的土气较薄；从湖泊、沼泽、池塘中产出的虾壳薄肉满，气味不腥，味道鲜美；从海中产出的虾颜色发白、肉质粗糙，味道非常低劣。入药使用以产自湖泽中的虾为第一等。将虾煮熟后晒干并去壳，个体大的称为“莺爪”，个体小的称为“虾米”，而虾卵则称为“虾春”；在钱塘江八月大潮盛期，江边人在潮水退去后，通常在江沙浅水处捞取虾子，拿到市场上去售卖。狡猾的人会用腐烂的渣滓掺假，检验时只需取少许放入铜锅中，加盐一起炒制，如果颜色呈现纯正红色才是真品。多数情况下会腌制储存，作为来年的食品。《本草纲目》中将虾和海虾分条记载得很清晰，在“虾”的集解部分下记载了虾米，在“海虾”的集解部分下记载了对虾，但都没有设立主治功效，仅仅说可以作为菜肴食用，因此这里全部予以补充和纠正其缺失。
味甘，性平。（注：此处原文排版似有错位，通常指虾子或虾米的通用属性，结合下文具体条目理解）逐除风痰。胡潜编制的《法制编》中有蛤蚧虾的制法，说食用它可以补肾壮阳。做法是：虾米一斤，蛤蚧两条，茴香、蜀椒各四两，都用青盐水化开酒后炙炒，再加入一两木香末搅拌均匀，趁热装入新瓶中，密封保存。每次服用一匙，空腹用酒送服嚼下，效果很好。
味甘，性平。治疗疣赘、去除癣疾（见食物宜忌）。
治疗乳汁缺乏及乳房疾病，用虾米酒：取一片鲜虾米，取出净肉捣烂，用黄酒加热后服用，不久乳汁就会下来，之后再饮用猪蹄汤，一天多次，乳汁就会像泉水一样涌出。
宣吐风痰的不药良方：连壳虾米半斤，加入葱、姜、酱煮成汁，先吃虾米，后喝汤汁，紧紧束住肚腹，用鸡毛探喉引吐。
治疗赤白游风（一种皮肤红肿瘙痒的风疹类疾病）的不药良方：将虾米捣碎外敷患处。
新鲜的虾味甘，腌制的虾味咸甘，都性温助阳，通血脉（均见食物宜忌）。我赵学敏按语：粤语中说“虾春”，并不是指虾子。江河中有种水生动物叫“水虱”，大如豆粒，其卵散布其中，取之不尽，那么“虾春”的性质应当与虾的性质有所不同。陈芝山关于助阳的说法，或许没有经过精细考证罢了。
Shrimp Paste (Xiami), Yingzhao, Shrimp Roe (Xiazi), and Prawn (Dui虾):
Shrimp living in fresh water are greenish in color, while those living in salt water are white. Shrimp from streams have thick shells and a fishy odor because they absorb less earth energy; shrimp from lakes, marshes, and ponds have thin shells, full flesh, no fishy smell, and good taste; shrimp from the sea are white, coarse in texture, and of inferior taste. For medicinal use, those from lakes and marshes are considered the best. After boiling shrimp, drying them in the sun, and removing the shells, large ones are called "Yingzhao," small ones are called "Xiami" (Shrimp Paste), and shrimp roe is called "Xia Chun." During the peak of the August tide in Qiantang River, people along the riverbank collect shrimp roe in the shallow sandy waters after the tide recedes and sell them in the market. Cunning sellers may mix in rotten residue; to verify authenticity, take a small amount, stir-fry it with salt in a copper pot, and if the color turns pure red, it is genuine. Most are pickled and stored as food for the coming spring. *Bencao Gangmu* clearly categorizes shrimp and sea shrimp. Under the "Shrimp" section, it lists "Xiami," and under the "Sea Shrimp" section, it lists "Dui Xia," but neither establishes therapeutic indications, merely stating they can be used as food. Therefore, these deficiencies are hereby supplemented and corrected.
[Regarding Shrimp Paste/Xiami] Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Eliminates wind-phlegm. Hu Qian's *Fazhi Bian* describes a preparation method involving Gecko (*Gejie*) and shrimp, stating that consuming it tonifies the kidney and benefits yang. The method is: one jin of Xiami, two Geckos (*Gejie*), four liang of Fennel (*Huixiang*), and four liang of Sichuan Pepper (*Shujiao*). All are stir-fried with liquor dissolved with green salt. Mix in one liang of powdered Costus Root (*Muxiang*), seal tightly in a new jar while hot, and store. Take one spoonful each time, chew and swallow with wine on an empty stomach; this is very effective.
[Regarding Shrimp Roe/Xiazi] Sweet in taste, neutral in nature. Treats warts and removes tinea (see dietary contraindications).
To treat lack of milk and breast diseases, use Shrimp Paste Wine: Take one piece of fresh Xiami, remove the clean meat, pound it into a paste, and drink it warm with yellow wine. Milk will arrive shortly after. Then drink pig trotter soup several times a day until milk flows like a spring.
A miraculous prescription without medicine to induce vomiting of wind-phlegm: Use half a jin of Xiami with shells. Boil with ginger, scallion, and soy sauce to make a broth. Eat the shrimp first, then drink the broth. Bind the abdomen tightly, and induce vomiting by probing the throat with a chicken feather.
A miraculous prescription without medicine to treat erysipelas-like rashes (Chi Bai You Feng): Pound Xiami and apply externally.
Fresh shrimp are sweet in taste; pickled shrimp are salty and sweet. Both are warm in nature, assist yang, and unblock blood vessels (see dietary contraindications). Note by Zhao Xuemin: In Cantonese, "Xia Chun" does not refer to shrimp roe. There is a freshwater organism called "Shuishī" (water louse) in rivers, about the size of a bean, whose eggs are scattered and inexhaustible. Thus, the nature of "Xia Chun" should differ from that of shrimp. Chen Zhishan's claim regarding its ability to assist yang may not have been rigorously verified.