（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶五子树今潮州有之。按裴渊《广州记》云∶五子实，大如梨而内
有五核，故名。
实
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】霍乱金疮，宜食之（时珍。《潮州志》）。
（《别录》下品）
【校正】时珍曰∶《别录》木部有榧实，又有 华。《神农本草》鱼虫部有 子，宋《
开宝本草》退 子入有名未用。今据苏恭之说，合并于下。
【释名】 子（音彼。《神农》）、赤果（《日用》）、玉榧（《日用》）、玉山果。
时珍曰∶榧亦作 ，其木名文木，斐然章采，故谓之榧。信州玉山县者为佳。故苏东坡
诗云∶彼美玉山果，粲为金盘实。 子见下。
瑞曰∶土人呼为赤果，亦曰玉榧。
【集解】《别录》曰∶榧实生永昌。彼子生永昌山谷。
弘景曰∶彼子亦名罴子，从来无用者，古今诸医不复识之。榧实出东阳诸郡。
恭曰∶彼子当从木作 子，误入虫部也。《尔雅》 亦名 。其叶似杉，木如柏而微软
。子名榧子，宜入果部。又注榧实云∶即虫部彼子也。其木大连抱，高数仞，其叶似杉，其
木如柏，其理似松，肌细软，堪为器用。
宗 曰∶榧实大如橄榄，壳色紫褐而脆，其中子有一重黑粗衣，其仁黄白色，嚼久渐甘
美也。
藏器曰∶ 华即榧子之华也。 与榧同。榧树似杉，子如
虫部有彼子，陶氏复于木部出
榧实、 华，皆一物也。
颖曰∶榧有一种粗榧。其木与榧相似，但理粗色赤耳。其子稍肥大，仅圆不尖。《神农
本草》 子即粗榧也。
时珍曰∶榧生深山中，人呼为野杉。按∶罗愿《尔雅翼》云∶ 似杉而异于杉。彼有美
实而木有文采，其木似桐而叶似杉，绝难长。木有牝牡，牡者华而牝者实。冬月开黄圆花，
结实大小如枣。其核长如橄榄核，有尖者、不尖者，无棱而壳薄，黄白色。其仁可生啖，亦
可焙收。以小而心实者为佳，一树不下数十斛。陶氏不识 子，惟苏恭能辨为一物也。
榧实（《别录》）
【气味】甘，平，涩，无毒。
瑞曰∶性热，同鹅肉食，生断节风，又上壅人，忌火气。
时珍曰∶按∶《物类相感志》云∶榧煮素羹，味更甜美。猪脂炒榧，黑皮自脱。榧子同
甘蔗食，其渣自软。又云∶榧子皮反绿豆，能杀人也。
【主治】常食，治五痔，去三虫蛊毒，鬼疰恶毒（《别录》）。食之，疗寸白虫（弘景）。
消谷，助筋骨，行营卫，明目轻身，令人能食。多食一、二升，亦不发病（孟诜）。多食滑
肠，五痔人宜之（宗 ）。治咳嗽白浊，助阳道
子（《本经》。旧作彼）
【气味】甘，温，有
【主治】腹中邪气，去三虫，蛇螫蛊毒，鬼疰伏尸（《本经》）。
【发明】震亨曰∶榧子，肺家果也。火炒食之，香酥甘美。但多食则引火入肺，大肠受
伤尔。
原曰∶榧子杀腹间大小虫，小儿黄瘦有虫积者宜食之。苏东坡诗云∶驱除三彭虫，已
我心腹疾，是矣。
时珍曰∶榧实、 子治疗相同，当为一物无疑。但《本经》 子有毒，似有不同，亦因
其能杀虫蛊尔。汪颖以粗榧为 子，终是一类，不甚相远也。
【附方】旧一，新五。
寸白虫∶诜曰∶日食榧子七颗，满七日，虫皆化为水也。《外台秘要》∶用榧子一百枚，
去皮火燃，啖之，经
好食茶叶面黄者∶每日食榧子七
令发不落∶榧子三个，胡桃二个，侧柏叶一两，捣浸雪水梳头，发永不落且润也。（《圣
惠方》）
猝吐血出∶先食蒸饼两、三个，以榧子为末，白汤服三钱，日三服。（《圣济总录》）
尸咽痛痒、语言不出∶榧实半两，芜荑一两，杏仁、桂各半两，为末，蜜丸弹子大，含咽。
（《圣济总
华（《别录》）
春月生采之。
藏器曰∶即榧子华也。
【气味】苦。
【主治】水气，去赤虫，令人好色，不可久服（《别录》）。
【《本草纲目》】
【集解】李时珍说：五子树如今在潮州有生长。据裴渊《广州记》记载：五子实，大小像梨但内部有五个核，因此得名。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】霍乱和金创（金属利器造成的创伤），适宜食用（李时珍引《潮州志》）。
（《名医别录》列为下品）
【校正】李时珍说：《名医别录》木部收录了榧实，又有彼子（注：原文此处字形缺失，根据上下文及后文推断为“彼子”或同音字，指粗榧或相关品种，下文统一按语境处理）。《神农本草经》鱼虫部收录了彼子，宋代《开宝本草》将退子列入有名未用项。如今依据苏恭的说法，合并记录在下面。
【释名】彼子（读音同“彼”。《神农本草经》）、赤果（《日用本草》）、玉榧（《日用本草》）、玉山果。
李时珍说：榧也写作彼，它的木材名叫文木，纹理斐然有光彩，所以叫作榧。信州玉山县出产的最好。所以苏东坡的诗写道：“那美丽的玉山果，灿烂地如同金盘中的果实。”彼子见下文。
瑞曰：当地人称为赤果，也称为玉榧。
【集解】《名医别录》说：榧实生长在永昌。彼子生长在永昌的山谷中。
陶弘景说：彼子也叫罴子，从来没有人使用过，古今的医生都不再认识它。榧实出产于东阳各郡。
苏恭说：彼子应当从木旁写作“彼子”，误入虫部了。《尔雅》中彼子也叫彼。它的叶子像杉树，木材像柏树但质地较软。种子名叫榧子，适宜归入果部。又注释说榧实就是虫部的彼子。这种树很大，需两人合抱，高数仞，叶子像杉树，木材像柏树，纹理像松树，肌理细软，可以做器具使用。
寇宗奭说：榧实大小像橄榄，壳色紫褐色且脆，其中的仁有一层黑粗皮，仁呈黄白色，嚼久了渐渐甘甜美味。
陈藏器说：彼华就是榧子的花。彼与榧是同一个字。榧树像杉树，子……（此处原文断句混乱，结合下文意为：虫部有彼子，陶弘景又在木部列出榧实、彼华，其实都是同一物。）
颖曰：有一种粗榧。它的木材与榧相似，只是纹理粗糙颜色偏红。它的子稍微肥大，形状圆而不尖。《神农本草经》中的彼子就是粗榧。
李时珍说：榧生长在深山中，人们称为野杉。据罗愿《尔雅翼》记载：彼似杉但与杉不同。彼有美味的果实而木材有文采，其木材像桐树而叶子像杉树，极难长久生长。树木有雌雄之分，雄的开花雌的结实。冬天开黄色圆花，结出的果实大小像枣。其核长像橄榄核，有尖的和不尖的，无棱角且壳薄，呈黄白色。其仁可以生吃，也可以烘焙收藏。以小而心实者为佳，一棵树产量不下数十斛。陶弘景不认识彼子，只有苏恭能辨别出它们是同一物。
榧实（出自《名医别录》）
【气味】味甘，性平，味涩，无毒。
瑞曰：性热，如果与鹅肉一起食用，会引发断节风，而且容易使人气机壅滞，忌食火气大的食物。
李时珍说：据《物类相感志》记载：榧煮素羹，味道更加甜美。用猪脂炒榧，黑皮自然脱落。榧子同甘蔗一起吃，残渣自然变软。又说：榧子皮与绿豆相反，能致人死亡。
【主治】经常食用，可治疗五种痔疮，去除三虫蛊毒和鬼疰恶毒（《名医别录》）。食用它，可治疗寸白虫（陶弘景）。
消谷，辅助筋骨，运行营卫之气，明目轻身，让人食欲增加。多吃一、二升，也不会发病（孟诜）。多吃则滑肠，痔疮患者适宜食用（寇宗奭）。治疗咳嗽和白浊，助阳道。
彼子（出自《神农本草经》。旧作“彼”）
【气味】味甘，性温，有……（原文此处可能有缺字，通常指有毒或特定气味，结合下文主治推测）
【主治】腹中邪气，去除三虫，蛇咬伤和蛊毒，鬼疰伏尸（《神农本草经》）。
【发明】朱震亨说：榧子是肺家的果实。用火炒食，香酥甘甜美味。但是多吃则会引火入肺，损伤大肠。
原曰：榧子能杀死腹中的大小虫子，小儿黄瘦有虫积的适宜食用。苏东坡诗写道：“驱除三彭虫，已除我心腹疾”，说得对。
李时珍说：榧实和彼子的治疗作用相同，应当是同一物无疑。但《神农本草经》说彼子有毒，似乎有所不同，也是因为它能杀虫蛊的缘故。汪颖认为粗榧就是彼子，终究是一类，差别不大。
【附方】旧方一个，新方五个。
寸白虫：孟诜说：每天吃七颗榧子，连续七天，虫子都会化为水。《外台秘要》：用榧子一百枚，去皮后火烤熟，吃下去，经过……（原文此处截断，意为经过一段时间见效）。
喜欢喝茶面色发黄者：每日吃榧子七……（原文此处截断，意为连续服用）。
令头发不落：榧子三个，胡桃二个，侧柏叶一两，捣碎后用雪水浸泡梳头，头发永不脱落且滋润。（《圣惠方》）
突然吐血：先吃两三个蒸饼，将榧子研成末，用白开水送服三钱，每天三次。（《圣济总录》）
尸咽痛痒、不能说话：榧实半两，芜荑一两，杏仁、桂枝各半两，研成末，蜜丸如弹子大，含在口中吞咽。（《圣济总录》）
彼华（出自《名医别录》）
春天月生时采集。
陈藏器说：就是榧子的花。
【气味】味苦。
【主治】水气病，去除赤虫，让人面色红润，不可久服（《名医别录》）。
[Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica)]
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Li Shizhen states: The Wuzi tree is currently found growing in Chaozhou. According to Pei Yuan's Guangzhou Ji, the fruit of the Wuzi is as large as a pear but contains five kernels inside, hence its name.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Properties)] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[ Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea) and Jin Chuang (metal weapon injuries); suitable for consumption (Li Shizhen, citing Chaozhou Zhi).
(Bingming Bie Lu [Secret Classic of the Divine Farmer's Classification of Materia Medica], Lower Grade)
[Jiao Zheng (Correction)] Li Shizhen states: The Mu Bu (Wood Section) of Bingming Bie Lu records Fei Shi (Torreya seed) and also Bi Zi (likely referring to a related species or variant, often identified as coarse Torreya). Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) in the Yu Chong Bu (Fish and Insect Section) records Bi Zi. Song Dynasty Kai Bao Ben Cao recorded Tui Zi under "Famous but Unused". Based on Su Gong's theory, these are now combined and recorded below.
[Shi Ming (Explanation of Names)] Bi Zi (pronounced 'Bi'. Shen Nong Ben Cao), Chi Guo (Red Fruit, Ri Yong Ben Cao), Yu Fei (Jade Torreya, Ri Yong Ben Cao), Yushan Guo (Yushan Fruit).
Li Shizhen states: Fei can also be written as Bi. Its wood is called Wen Mu (patterned wood) because of its beautiful grain, thus named Fei. The variety from Yushan County, Xinzhou is the best. Hence, Su Dongpo's poem says: "That beautiful Yushan fruit, shining like gold plate fruits." Bi Zi is discussed below.
Rui states: Locals call it Chi Guo, also known as Yu Fei.
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Bingming Bie Lu states: Fei Shi grows in Yongchang. Bi Zi grows in the valleys of Yongchang.
Tao Hongjing states: Bi Zi is also called Pi Zi. It has never been used before; physicians of ancient and modern times no longer recognize it. Fei Shi comes from various commanderies in Dongyang.
Su Gong states: Bi Zi should be written with the wood radical (referring to the character for coarse Torreya), mistakenly entered into the Insect Section. Er Ya states that Bi Zi is also called [Character missing/variant]. Its leaves resemble those of the fir/cedar, and its wood resembles cypress but is softer. The seed is named Fei Zi and should be included in the Fruit Section. Another note on Fei Shi states: it is the same as the Bi Zi in the Insect Section. The tree is very large, requiring two people to embrace, several zhang high, with leaves like cedar, wood like cypress, grain like pine, fine and soft texture, suitable for making utensils.
Kou Zongshi states: Fei Shi is as large as an olive, with a purple-brown brittle shell. Inside, there is a layer of thick black skin covering the kernel, which is yellowish-white and becomes sweet after prolonged chewing.
Chen Cangqi states: Bi Hua is the flower of the Fei Zi. Bi and Fei are the same character. The Fei tree resembles cedar... (Text fragment implies confusion in classification). There is Bi Zi in the Insect Section, while Tao Hongjing listed Fei Shi and Bi Hua in the Wood Section; they are all the same substance.
Ying states: There is a type called Coarse Fei. Its wood is similar to Fei, but the grain is rougher and redder. Its seeds are slightly plumper, round rather than pointed. The Bi Zi in Shen Nong Ben Cao refers to Coarse Fei.
Li Shizhen states: Fei grows in deep mountains and is called Ye Shan (Wild Cedar) by people. According to Luo Yuan's Er Ya Yi, Bi resembles cedar but differs. Bi has delicious fruit and patterned wood; its wood resembles paulownia while leaves resemble cedar, and it is difficult to grow long. The trees have male and female varieties; males flower, females bear fruit. Yellow round flowers bloom in winter, bearing fruits the size of dates. The kernel is long like an olive pit, either pointed or blunt, without ridges, thin-shelled, and yellowish-white. The kernel can be eaten raw or baked and stored. Small ones with solid hearts are preferred; a single tree yields not less than several hu. Tao Hongjing did not recognize Bi Zi, only Su Gong could distinguish them as the same thing.
Fei Shi (From Bingming Bie Lu)
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Properties)] Sweet, neutral, astringent, non-toxic.
Rui states: Hot in nature. Consuming it with goose meat may cause Duan Jie Feng (joint-breaking wind/rheumatism) and causes qi stagnation; avoid foods generating internal heat.
Li Shizhen states: According to Wulei Xianggan Zhi, cooking Fei in vegetable soup makes it sweeter. Stir-frying Fei Zi with lard causes the black skin to peel off naturally. Eating Fei Zi with sugarcane makes the residue soft. It is also said that Fei Zi skin contradicts mung beans and can be fatal.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Regular consumption treats Wu Zhi (five types of hemorrhoids), eliminates San Chong (three types of parasites) and gu poison, and dispels Gui Zhu (wandering pestilence spirits) and malignant toxins (Bingming Bie Lu). Consumption treats Cun Bai Chong (tapeworms) (Tao Hongjing).
Promotes digestion, supports sinews and bones, circulates Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi), brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and increases appetite. Consuming one or two sheng more does not cause illness (Meng Shen). Excessive consumption causes loose bowels; suitable for hemorrhoid patients (Kou Zongshi). Treats cough and white turbidity, aids yang function.
Bi Zi (From Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. Formerly written as 'Bi')
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Properties)] Sweet, warm, possesses... (text fragment)
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Abdominal pathogenic qi, eliminates San Chong (three types of parasites), snake bites and gu poison, Gui Zhu Fu Shi (lingering pestilence corpses) (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).
[Fa Ming (Elucidation)] Zhu Zhenheng states: Fei Zi is a fruit of the Lung organ. Roasted and eaten, it is fragrant, crisp, and sweet. However, excessive consumption draws fire into the lungs and damages the Large Intestine.
Yuan states: Fei Zi kills large and small worms in the abdomen; suitable for children who are sallow and emaciated due to worm accumulation. Su Dongpo's poem says: "Drive away the three Peng worms, eliminating my abdominal disease," which is correct.
Li Shizhen states: Fei Shi and Bi Zi have identical therapeutic effects and must be the same substance. However, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing states Bi Zi is toxic, suggesting some difference, likely due to its vermifuge properties. Wang Ying considered Coarse Fei to be Bi Zi; ultimately, they are in the same category and not far apart.
[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] One old prescription, five new prescriptions.
Cun Bai Chong (Tapeworm): Meng Shen states: Eat seven Fei Zi daily for seven days, and the worms will turn into water. Waitai Mi Yao: Use 100 Fei Zi, remove shells, roast/fire-bake, and eat... (text fragment).
Those who love tea and have a sallow complexion: Daily consume seven Fei Zi... (text fragment).
To prevent hair loss: Three Fei Zi, two Walnuts, one liang of Cebai Ye (Platycladi Cacumen), crushed and soaked in snow water to comb hair; hair will never fall out and will remain moist (Shenghui Fang).
Sudden hematemesis (vomiting blood): First eat two or three steamed cakes, then take three qian of powdered Fei Zi with plain hot water, three times a day (Shengji Zonglu).
Shi Yan Tong Yang (Corpse throat pain/itching) and inability to speak: Half liang of Fei Shi, one liang of Wuyi, half liang each of Xingren (Apricot Seed) and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), powdered, honey-pilled to the size of a bullet, held in mouth and swallowed (Shengji Zonglu).
Bi Hua (From Bingming Bie Lu)
Harvested when the moon is born in spring (early spring).
Chen Cangqi states: It is the flower of Fei Zi.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Properties)] Bitter.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Shui Qi (water retention/edema), eliminates Chi Chong (red worms), improves complexion, should not be taken for a long time (Bingming Bie Lu).