（《别录》中品）
【释名】明视。
时珍曰∶按魏子才《六书精蕴》云∶兔字篆文象形。一云∶吐而生子，故曰兔。《礼记》
谓之明视，言其目不瞬而 然也。《说文》兔子曰 （音万）。狡兔曰 （音俊），曰 （音
谗）。《梵书》谓兔为舍舍迦。
【集解】颂曰∶兔处处有之，为食品之上味。
时珍曰∶按∶《事类合璧》云∶兔大如狸而毛褐，形如鼠而尾短，耳大而锐。上唇缺而
无脾，长须而前足短。尻有九孔，趺居， 捷善走。舐雄豪而孕，五月而吐子。其大者为
KT（音绰），似兔而大，青色，首与兔同，足与鹿同，故字象形。或谓兔无雄，而中秋望
月中
顾兔以孕者，不经之说也。今雄兔有二卵，古乐府有“雄兔脚扑速，雌兔眼迷离”，可破其
疑矣。《主物簿》云∶孕环之兔，怀于左腋，毛有纹采，至百五十年，环转于脑，能隐形也。
王廷相《雅述》云∶兔以潦而化为鳖，鳖以旱而化为兔
肉
【气味】辛，平，无毒。诜曰∶酸，冷。
时珍曰∶甘，寒。按∶《内则》云∶食兔去尻，不利人也。《风俗通》云∶食兔髌多，令
人面生髌骨。
弘景曰∶兔肉为羹，益人。妊娠不可食，令子缺唇。不可合白鸡肉及肝、心食，令人面
黄。合獭肉食，令人病遁尸。与姜、橘同食，令人心痛、霍乱。又不可同芥食。
藏器曰∶兔尻有孔，子从口出，故妊妇忌之，非独为缺唇也。大抵久食绝人血脉，损元
气、阳事，令人痿黄。八月至十月可食，余月伤人神气。兔死而眼合者杀人。
【主治】补中益气（《别录》）。热气湿痹，止渴健脾。生食，压丹石毒（《日华》）。腊
月作酱食，去小儿豌豆疮（《药性》）。凉血，解热毒，利大肠（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶兔者，明月之精。有白毛者，得金之气，入药尤效。凡兔至秋深时可
食，金气全也，至春、夏则味变矣。然作酱必用五味，既患豌豆疮，又食此物，发毒太甚，
恐斑烂损人。
时珍曰∶兔至冬月 木皮，已得金气而气内实，故味美；至春食草麦，而金气衰，故不
美也。今俗以饲小儿，云令出痘稀，盖亦因其性寒而解热耳。故又能治消渴，压丹石毒。若
痘已出，及虚寒者，宜戒之。刘纯《治例》云∶反胃，结肠甚者难治，常食兔肉则便自行。
又可证其性之寒利矣。
【附方】旧一。
消渴羸瘦∶用兔一只，去皮、爪、五脏，以水一斗半煎稠，去滓澄冷，渴即饮之。极重
者不过二兔。（崔元亮《海上方》）
血
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】凉血活血，解胎中热毒，催生易产（时珍）。
【附方】新六。
蟾宫丸∶《乾坤秘韫》∶治小儿胎毒，遇风寒即发痘疹，服此可免，虽出亦稀。用兔二只，
腊月八日刺血于漆盘内，以细面炒熟和，丸绿豆大。每服三十丸，绿豆汤下。每一儿食一剂，
永安甚效。《杨氏经验方》∶加朱砂三钱，酒下。名兔砂丸。
兔血丸∶小儿服之，终身不出痘疮，或出亦稀少。腊月八日，取生兔一只刺血，和荞麦
面，少加雄黄四五分，候干，丸如绿豆大。初生小儿，以乳汁送下二三丸。遍身发出红点，
是其征验也。但儿长
催生丹∶治产难∶腊月兔血，以蒸饼染之，纸裹阴干为末。每服二钱，乳香汤下。（《指
迷方》）
心气痛∶《瑞竹堂方》∶用腊兔血和茶末四两，乳香末二两，捣丸芡子大。每温醋化服一
丸。谈野翁方∶腊月八日，取活兔血和面，丸梧桐子大。每白汤下二十一丸。
脑
【主治】涂冻疮（《别录》）。催生滑胎（时珍）。同膏，治耳聋（苏恭）。
【附方】旧四。
催生散∶用腊月兔脑髓一个，摊纸上令匀，阴干剪作符子，于面上书“生”字一个。候
母痛极时，用钗股夹定，灯上烧灰，煎丁香酒调下。（《博济方》）
催生丹∶腊月取兔脑髓二个，涂纸上吹干，入通明乳香末二两，同研令匀。于腊日前夜，
安桌子上，露星月下。设茶果，斋戒焚香，望北拜告曰∶大道弟子某，修合救世上难生妇人
药，愿降威灵，佑助此药，速令生产。祷毕，以纸包药，露一夜，天未明时，以猪肉捣和，
丸芡子大，纸袋盛，悬透风处。每服一丸，温醋汤下。良久未下，更用冷酒下一丸，即产。
乃神仙方也。（《经验方》）
手足皲裂∶用兔脑髓生涂之。（《圣惠》）
发脑发背及痈疽热疖恶疮∶用腊月兔头捣烂，入瓶内密封，惟久愈佳。每用涂帛上浓封
之，热痛即如冰也。频换取瘥乃止。（《胜金》）
骨
【主治】热中，消渴，煮汁服（《别录》。
颂曰∶崔元亮《海上方》∶治消渴羸瘦，小便不禁。兔骨和大麦苗煮汁服，极效）。煮汁
服，止霍乱吐利（时珍。《外台》用之）。治鬼疰，疮疥刺风（《日华》。藏器曰∶醋磨涂久疥
，妙）。
头骨（腊月收之）
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
【主治】头眩痛，癫疾（《别录》）。连皮毛烧存性，米饮服方寸匕，治天行呕吐不止，
以瘥为度（苏颂。出《必效方》）。连毛、髓烧灰酒服，治产难下胎，及产后余血不下（《日
华》。陆氏用葱汤下）。烧末，敷妇人产后阴脱，痈疽恶疮。水服，治小儿疳痢。煮汁服，治
消渴不止（时珍）。
【附方】新二。
预解痘毒∶十二月取兔头煎汤浴小儿，除热去毒，令出痘稀。（《饮膳正要》）
产后腹痛∶兔头炙热摩之，即定。（《必效》）
肝
【主治】目暗（《别录》）。明目补劳，治头旋眼眩（《日华》。和决明子作丸服，甚明目）。
切洗生食如羊肝法，治丹石毒发上冲，目暗不见物（孟诜）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按刘守真云∶兔肝明目，因其气有余，以补不足也。眼科书云∶兔肝
能泻肝热。盖兔目 而性冷故也。
【附方】新一。
风热目暗∶肝肾气虚，风热上攻，目肿暗。用兔肝一具，米三合，和豉汁，如常煮粥食。
（《普济》）
皮毛（腊月收之）
【主治】烧灰，酒服方寸匕，治产难后胞衣不出，及余血抢心，胀刺欲死者，极验（苏
恭）。煎汤，洗豌豆疮（《药性》）。头皮灰∶主鼠 ，及鬼疰毒瓦斯在皮中如针刺者。毛灰∶
主灸疮不瘥（藏器）。皮灰∶治妇人带下。毛灰∶治小便不利。余见败笔下（时珍）。
【附方】旧二
妇人带下∶兔皮烧烟尽，为末。酒服方寸匕，以瘥为度。（《外台》）
火烧成疮∶兔腹下白毛贴之。候毛落即瘥。（《百一方》）
屎（腊月收之）
【释名】明月砂（《圣惠》）、玩月砂（《集验》）、兔蕈（《炮炙论》）。
【主治】目中浮翳，劳瘵五疳，疳疮痔 ，杀虫解毒（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶兔屎能解毒杀虫，故治目疾、疳劳、疮痔方中往往用之。诸家本草并
不言及，亦缺漏也。按沈存中《良方》云∶江阴万融病劳，四体如焚，寒热烦躁。一夜梦一
人腹拥一月，光明使人心骨皆寒。及寤而孙元规使人遗药，服之遂平。扣之，则明月丹也，
乃悟所梦。
【附方】旧二，新五。
明月丹∶治劳瘵，追虫。用兔屎四十九粒， 砂（如兔屎大）四十九粒，为末，生蜜丸梧
桐子大。月望前，以水浸甘草一夜，五更初取汁送下七丸。有虫下，急钳入油锅内煎杀。三
日不下，再服。（《苏沈良方》
五疳下痢∶兔屎（炒）半两，干蛤蟆一枚，烧灰为末，绵裹如莲子大，纳下部，日三易
之。（《圣惠方》）
大小便秘∶明月砂一匙安脐中，冷水滴之令透，自通也。（《圣惠》）
痔疮下血疼痛不止者∶用玩月砂，慢火炒黄为末。每服二钱，入乳香五分，空心温酒下，
日三服。即兔粪也。（《集验方》）
月蚀耳疮∶望夜，取兔屎纳蛤蟆腹中，同烧末，敷之。（《肘后》）
痘疮入目生翳∶用兔屎日干，为末。每服一钱，茶下即安。（《普济方》）
痘后目翳∶直往山中东西地上，不许回顾，寻兔屎二七粒，以雌、雄槟榔各一个同磨，
不落地，井水调服。百无一失，其效如神。（《蔺氏经验方》）
【背景信息】
书名：本草纲目 作者：李时珍 朝代：明·万历六年 章节：兔 类别：本草
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】明视。
李时珍说：查阅魏子才的《六书精蕴》记载：兔字的篆文是象形字。另一种说法是：兔子吐出幼崽，所以称为兔。《礼记》称其为明视，是说它眼睛不眨动而显得明亮。《说文解字》称小免为“兎”（音同万）。狡猾的兔子称为“兟”（音同俊），也称为“兟”（音同谗）。《梵书》称兔子为舍舍迦。
【集解】苏颂说：兔子到处都有，是食品中的美味。
李时珍说：查阅《事类合璧》记载：兔子大如狸猫而毛色褐黑，形状像老鼠但尾巴短，耳朵大而尖。上唇有缺口而没有脾脏，胡须长且前足短。臀部有九个孔，蹲坐，动作敏捷善于奔跑。舔舐雄兔豪毛即可受孕，五月产仔。其中较大的称为KT（音同绰），像兔子但体型大，青色，头部与兔子相同，脚部与鹿相同，所以字形取象形之意。有人说兔子没有雄性，中秋望月时顾盼月中玉兔即可受孕，这是不经之谈。现在知道雄兔有两个睾丸，古乐府诗中有“雄兔脚扑速，雌兔眼迷离”，可以破除这种疑惑。《主物簿》记载：怀孕环状的兔子，胚胎在左腋下，毛发有花纹，经过一百五十年，环状物在脑中旋转，能隐形。王廷相《雅述》记载：兔子因水涝而化为鳖，鳖因干旱而化为兔。
肉
【气味】辛，平，无毒。陈藏器说：酸，冷。
李时珍说：甘，寒。查阅《内则》记载：吃兔子要去掉臀部，否则不利于人体。《风俗通》记载：多吃兔髌骨，会让人脸上长出髌骨。
陶弘景说：兔肉做羹汤，对人有益。孕妇不可食用，会导致孩子缺唇。不可与白鸡肉及肝、心同食，使人面色发黄。与獭肉同食，使人患遁尸病。与姜、橘同食，使人心痛、霍乱。又不可与芥菜同食。
陈藏器说：兔臀有孔，幼崽从口出，所以孕妇忌讳，不仅是因为会导致缺唇。大体上长期食用会断绝人血脉，损伤元气、性功能，使人痿黄。八月至十月可食用，其他月份伤人神气。死时眼睛闭合的兔子有毒，杀人。
【主治】补中益气（《名医别录》）。热气湿痹，止渴健脾。生食，压制丹石毒（《日华子本草》）。腊月制作成酱食用，去除小儿豌豆疮（《药性论》）。凉血，解热毒，利大肠（李时珍）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：兔子，是明月的精华。有白毛的，得金之气，入药尤其有效。凡是兔子到深秋时可食用，金气充足，到了春、夏味道就变了。然而做酱必须用五味，如果已经患有豌豆疮，又吃此物，发毒太甚，恐怕导致斑烂损害人体。
李时珍说：兔子到冬天啃食树皮，已得金气而体内充实，所以味道美；到春天吃草麦，而金气衰败，所以不好吃。现在民间用来喂养小孩，说是能让出痘稀少，大概也是因其性寒而解热的缘故。所以又能治疗消渴，压制丹石毒。如果痘疹已发出，以及虚寒体质者，应该戒除。刘纯《治例》记载：反胃，结肠严重难以治疗，常食兔肉则大便自行通畅。又可证明其性寒利的特点。
【附方】旧方一。
消渴羸瘦：用兔子一只，去皮、爪、五脏，用水一斗半煎煮至浓稠，去渣澄清放冷，口渴即饮用。极重者不过两只。（崔元亮《海上方》）
血
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
【主治】凉血活血，解胎中热毒，催生易产（李时珍）。
【附方】新方六。
蟾宫丸：《乾坤秘韫》：治疗小儿胎毒，遇风寒即发作痘疹，服用此方可避免，即使发出也稀少。用兔子两只，腊月八日刺血于漆盘内，用细面炒熟调和，制成绿豆大小丸剂。每次服用三十丸，绿豆汤送下。每个婴儿服用一剂，非常有效。《杨氏经验方》：加朱砂三钱，酒送下。名为兔砂丸。
兔血丸：小儿服用后，终身不出痘疮，或发出也稀少。腊月八日，取活兔子一只刺血，和荞麦面，少加雄黄四五分，待干，制成绿豆大小丸剂。初生小儿，以乳汁送下二三丸。遍身发出红点，是其征验。但儿长...
催生丹：治疗难产：腊月兔血，用蒸饼浸染，纸包裹阴干研末。每次服用二钱，乳香汤送下。（《指迷方》）
心气痛：《瑞竹堂方》：用腊兔血和茶末四两，乳香末二两，捣丸如芡子大小。每次温醋化开服一丸。谈野翁方：腊月八日，取活兔血和面，制成梧桐子大小丸剂。每次白开水送下二十一丸。
脑
【主治】涂抹冻疮（《名医别录》）。催生滑胎（李时珍）。同膏药，治疗耳聋（苏恭）。
【附方】旧方四。
催生散：用腊月兔脑髓一个，摊在纸上令均匀，阴干剪作符状，在面上写一个“生”字。等产妇疼痛剧烈时，用钗股夹定，灯上烧灰，煎丁香酒调服。（《博济方》）
催生丹：腊月取兔脑髓二个，涂在纸上吹干，加入通明乳香末二两，同研令均匀。在腊日前夜，放在桌子上，露星月下。设茶果，斋戒焚香，向北拜告说：大道弟子某，修合救世上难生妇人药，愿降威灵，佑助此药，速令生产。祈祷完毕，用纸包药，露一夜，天未明时，以猪肉捣和，制成芡子大小丸剂，纸袋盛装，悬挂在透风处。每次服用一丸，温醋汤送下。良久未下，再用冷酒下一丸，即生产。乃是神仙方。（《经验方》）
手足皲裂：用兔脑髓生涂之。（《圣惠方》）
发脑发背及痈疽热疖恶疮：用腊月兔头捣烂，入瓶内密封，越久越好。每次用涂帛上浓封之，热痛即如冰也。频繁更换直到痊愈为止。（《胜金方》）
骨
【主治】热中，消渴，煮汁服（《名医别录》。
苏颂说：崔元亮《海上方》：治疗消渴羸瘦，小便不禁。兔骨和大麦苗煮汁服，极效）。煮汁服，止霍乱吐利（李时珍。《外台秘要》用它）。治疗鬼疰，疮疥刺风（《日华子本草》。陈藏器说：醋磨涂久疥，妙）。
头骨（腊月收之）
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
【主治】头眩痛，癫疾（《名医别录》）。连皮毛烧存性，米饮服方寸匕，治疗天行呕吐不止，以痊愈为度（苏颂。出自《必效方》）。连毛、髓烧灰酒服，治疗产难下胎，及产后余血不下（《日华子本草》。陆氏用葱汤送下）。烧末，敷妇人产后阴脱，痈疽恶疮。水服，治疗小儿疳痢。煮汁服，治疗消渴不止（李时珍）。
【附方】新方二。
预解痘毒：十二月取兔头煎汤浴小儿，除热去毒，令出痘稀少。（《饮膳正要》）
产后腹痛：兔头炙热摩之，即定。（《必效方》）
肝
【主治】目暗（《名医别录》）。明目补劳，治头旋眼眩（《日华子本草》。和决明子作丸服，甚明目）。切洗生食如羊肝法，治疗丹石毒发上冲，目暗不见物（孟诜）。
【发明】李时珍说：查阅刘守真说：兔肝明目，因其气有余，以补不足也。眼科书说：兔肝能泻肝热。大概因为兔目突出而性冷的缘故。
【附方】新方一。
风热目暗：肝肾气虚，风热上攻，目肿暗。用兔肝一具，米三合，和豉汁，如常煮粥食。（《普济方》）
皮毛（腊月收之）
【主治】烧灰，酒服方寸匕，治疗产难后胞衣不出，及余血抢心，胀刺欲死者，极验（苏恭）。煎汤，洗豌豆疮（《药性论》）。头皮灰：主鼠瘘，及鬼疰毒瓦斯在皮中如针刺者。毛灰：主灸疮不瘥（陈藏器）。皮灰：治疗妇人带下。毛灰：治疗小便不利。其余见败笔下（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方二
妇人带下：兔皮烧烟尽，为末。酒服方寸匕，以痊愈为度。（《外台秘要》）
火烧成疮：兔腹下白毛贴之。候毛落即瘥。（《百一方》）
屎（腊月收之）
【释名】明月砂（《圣惠方》）、玩月砂（《集验方》）、兔蕈（《炮炙论》）。
【主治】目中浮翳，劳瘵五疳，疳疮痔瘘，杀虫解毒（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：兔屎能解毒杀虫，故治疗目疾、疳劳、疮痔方中往往用之。诸家本草并不提及，也是缺漏。查阅沈存中《良方》记载：江阴万融患劳病，四肢如火烧，寒热烦躁。一夜梦见一人怀抱一月，光明使人心骨皆寒。醒来后孙元规派人送药，服用后遂平。询问得知，则是明月丹，才明白所梦。
【附方】旧方二，新方五。
明月丹：治疗劳瘵，追虫。用兔屎四十九粒，硇砂（如兔屎大）四十九粒，为末，生蜜丸梧桐子大小。月望前，以水浸甘草一夜，五更初取汁送下七丸。有虫下，急钳入油锅内煎杀。三日不下，再服。（《苏沈良方》）
五疳下痢：兔屎（炒）半两，干蛤蟆一枚，烧灰为末，绵裹如莲子大，纳下部，日三易之。（《圣惠方》）
大小便秘：明月砂一匙安脐中，冷水滴之令透，自通也。（《圣惠方》）
痔疮下血疼痛不止者：用玩月砂，慢火炒黄为末。每次服用二钱，入乳香五分，空心温酒下，日三服。即是兔粪也。（《集验方》）
月蚀耳疮：望夜，取兔屎纳蛤蟆腹中，同烧末，敷之。（《肘后备急方》）
痘疮入目生翳：用兔屎日干，为末。每次服用一钱，茶下即安。（《普济方》）
痘后目翳：直往山中东西地上，不许回顾，寻兔屎二七粒，以雌、雄槟榔各一个同磨，不落地，井水调服。百无一失，其效如神。（《蔺氏经验方》）
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, 6th Year of Wanli
Chapter: Rabbit (Tu)
Category: Materia Medica
(Recorded in Zhongpin of *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Mingshi.
Li Shizhen states: According to Wei Zicai's *Liushu Jingyun*, the seal script character for rabbit is pictographic. Another theory says: rabbits give birth by vomiting, hence the name "Tu". The *Book of Rites* calls it Mingshi, meaning its eyes do not blink and appear bright. The *Shuowen Jiezi* refers to a young rabbit as "Tu" (pronounced 'wan'). A cunning rabbit is called "Shen" (pronounced 'jun'), also referred to as "Shen" (pronounced 'chan'). The *Fan Shu* calls the rabbit "She She Jia".
[Collection and Explanation] Song states: Rabbits are found everywhere and are considered a delicacy among foods.
Li Shizhen states: According to the *Shilei Hebi*: Rabbits are as large as martens with brownish-black fur; their shape resembles mice but with short tails, and they have large, sharp ears. They have an upper lip cleft and no spleen, long whiskers, and short forefeet. There are nine orifices on the rump. They squat when resting, are agile, and good at running. They become pregnant by licking the male's mane, and give birth after five months. The larger ones are called KT (pronounced 'chuo'), resembling rabbits but larger, greenish-blue in color, with heads similar to rabbits and feet similar to deer, hence the pictographic nature of the character. Some claim rabbits have no males and become pregnant by gazing at the moon rabbit during the Mid-Autumn Festival; this is an unverified theory. It is now known that male rabbits have two testes. The ancient folk song says, "The male rabbit's feet flutter, the female rabbit's eyes blur," which dispels this doubt. The *Zhuwu Bo* records: Pregnant ring-shaped rabbits carry the embryo in the left armpit, with patterned fur. After 150 years, the ring rotates in the brain, granting invisibility. Wang Tingxiang's *Yashu* records: Rabbits transform into turtles due to floods, and turtles transform into rabbits due to drought.
Meat
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic. Chen states: Sour, cold.
Li Shizhen states: Sweet, cold. According to the *Neize*: One should remove the rabbit's rump before eating, as it is detrimental to human health. The *Fengsu Tong* states: Eating too many rabbit patellae causes them to grow on the face.
Tao Hongjing states: Rabbit meat soup is beneficial. Pregnant women should not eat it, as it may cause cleft lips in the child. It should not be eaten with white chicken meat, liver, or heart, as it causes yellowing of the face. Eating it with otter meat causes Dunshi disease (a type of lingering corpse qi disease). Eating it with ginger and tangerine peel causes heart pain and cholera-like symptoms. It should not be eaten with mustard greens.
Chen Cangqi states: The rabbit's rump has holes, and offspring emerge from the mouth; thus, pregnant women avoid it, not just to prevent cleft lips. Generally, long-term consumption cuts off blood vessels, damages Yuan Qi (Original Qi) and sexual function, causing sallow complexion. It can be eaten from August to October; other months harm the spirit and qi. Rabbits that die with closed eyes are poisonous and can kill.
[Therapeutic Actions] Tonifies the middle and benefits Qi (*Bie Lu*). Clears heat and dampness, stops thirst, strengthens the spleen. Eaten raw, it suppresses Dan Shi toxicity (*Rihua*). Made into paste in the twelfth lunar month and eaten, it removes pea sores in children (*Yaoxing*). Cools blood, resolves heat toxins, promotes bowel movement (*Li Shizhen*).
[Elucidation] Zong states: Rabbits are the essence of the bright moon. Those with white fur obtain the energy of Metal, making them particularly effective in medicine. Rabbits can be eaten in late autumn when Metal energy is complete; in spring and summer, the flavor changes. However, when making paste, five flavors must be used. If one suffers from pea sores and eats this, the toxin may flare up severely, potentially causing disfigurement.
Li Shizhen states: In winter, rabbits gnaw tree bark, absorbing Metal energy and becoming solid inside, hence the delicious taste; in spring, they eat grass and wheat, losing Metal energy, hence the inferior taste. Now, people feed it to children, claiming it reduces smallpox severity, likely due to its cold nature resolving heat. Thus, it can treat Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) and suppress Dan Shi toxicity. If smallpox has erupted, or if the patient has deficiency-cold, it should be avoided. Liu Chun's *Zhili* states: For regurgitation and severe colon obstruction, regular consumption of rabbit meat facilitates bowel movements, proving its cold and purgative nature.
[Attached Prescriptions] Old: One.
Xiao Ke and Emaciation: Use one rabbit, skin, claws, and viscera removed. Decoct in 1.5 dou of water until thick. Strain, clarify, and cool. Drink when thirsty. For severe cases, no more than two rabbits are needed. (Cui Yuanliang, *Haishang Fang*)
Blood
[Properties and Flavor] Salty, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Cools blood and invigorates blood, resolves fetal heat toxins, induces labor and facilitates delivery (*Li Shizhen*).
[Attached Prescriptions] New: Six.
Chan Gong Wan: *Qiankun Mi Yun*: Treats infant fetal toxin, which erupts as rash upon exposure to wind-cold. Taking this prevents eruption or makes it sparse. Take blood from two rabbits on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month into a lacquer dish. Mix with finely roasted flour, form pills the size of mung beans. Take 30 pills with mung bean soup. One dose per infant is very effective. *Yang Shi Jingyan Fang*: Add 3 qian of Cinnabar, take with wine. Named Tu Sha Wan.
Tu Xue Wan: Infants taking this will never develop smallpox, or it will be very sparse. On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, take blood from a live rabbit, mix with buckwheat flour, add 4-5 fen of Realgar, dry, and form pills the size of mung beans. Give 2-3 pills to newborns with breast milk. Red spots appearing all over the body indicate efficacy. But as the child grows...
Cu Sheng Dan: Treats difficult labor: Use rabbit blood from the 12th lunar month, soak steamed buns, wrap in paper, dry in shade, and powder. Take 2 qian each time, with Frankincense decoction. (*Zhi Mi Fang*)
Heart Qi Pain: *Ruizhutang Fang*: Mix 4 liang of aged rabbit blood with tea powder and 2 liang of powdered Frankincense. Form pills the size of Chinese bayberry seeds. Dissolve one pill in warm vinegar and take. Tan Yeweng's formula: On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, take blood from a live rabbit, mix with flour, form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 21 pills with plain boiled water.
Brain
[Therapeutic Actions] Apply to frostbite (*Bie Lu*). Induces labor and lubricates the fetus (*Li Shizhen*). Combined with ointment, treats deafness (Su Gong).
[Attached Prescriptions] Old: Four.
Cu Sheng San: Use one portion of rabbit brain marrow from the 12th lunar month. Spread evenly on paper, dry in shade, cut into talisman shapes. Write the character "Sheng" (Birth) on the surface. When the mother is in extreme pain, hold with a hairpin, burn to ash over a lamp, and administer mixed with Clove wine. (*Boji Fang*)
Cu Sheng Dan: Take two portions of rabbit brain marrow from the 12th lunar month, spread on paper, blow dry. Add 2 liang of transparent Frankincense powder, grind together evenly. On the eve before the 12th lunar month, place on a table under the stars and moon. Set out tea and fruits, fast, burn incense, bow north and pray: "Disciple [Name], preparing medicine to save women suffering from difficult childbirth, I pray for spiritual power to assist this medicine to hasten delivery." After prayer, wrap medicine in paper, expose overnight. Before dawn, mix with pork, form pills the size of Chinese bayberry seeds, store in paper bags, hang in a ventilated place. Take one pill with warm vinegar water. If not delivered after a while, take another pill with cold wine, then delivery occurs. This is a divine prescription. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Cracked Hands and Feet: Apply raw rabbit brain marrow. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Hair abscess, back carbuncle, and malignant ulcers/boils: Pound rabbit heads from the 12th lunar month, seal in a jar. The longer, the better. Apply thickly on cloth. Heat and pain will feel like ice. Change frequently until healed. (*Shengjin Fang*)
Bone
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats internal heat and Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst); decoct and drink (*Bie Lu*.
Song states: Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang*: Treats Xiao Ke and emaciation, involuntary urination. Decoct rabbit bones with barley seedlings and drink; highly effective). Decoct and drink to stop cholera vomiting and diarrhea (*Li Shizhen*. Used in *Waitai*). Treats Gui Zhu (lingering pestilence), sores, scabies, and wind itching (*Rihua*. Chen Cangqi states: Grind with vinegar and apply to chronic scabies; excellent).
Skull Bone (Collected in 12th lunar month)
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, sour, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats dizziness and headache, epilepsy (*Bie Lu*). Burn with skin and hair until charred but retaining properties. Take one cubic inch spoonful with rice water to treat persistent vomiting due to epidemic pathogens, until cured (Su Song. From *Bixiao Fang*). Burn hair and marrow to ash, take with wine to treat difficult labor, retained placenta, and postpartum lochia retention (*Rihua*. Lu uses green onion decoction). Powdered and applied externally for prolapsed uterus postpartum, malignant ulcers. Taken with water to treat infant malnutrition dysentery. Decocted and drunk to treat persistent Xiao Ke (*Li Shizhen*).
[Attached Prescriptions] New: Two.
Prevent Smallpox Toxin: Decoct rabbit heads in December, bathe infants in the soup to clear heat and toxin, reducing smallpox severity. (*Yinshan Zhengyao*)
Postpartum Abdominal Pain: Roast rabbit head until hot, rub on abdomen to relieve pain. (*Bixiao*)
Liver
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats dim vision (*Bie Lu*). Brightens eyes, tonifies fatigue, treats vertigo and dizziness (*Rihua*. Form pills with Cassia Seed for excellent eye-brightening effect). Slice, wash, eat raw like sheep liver to treat upward rushing of Dan Shi toxicity causing blindness (Meng Shen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: According to Liu Shouzhen: Rabbit liver brightens eyes because its Qi is abundant, supplementing deficiency. Ophthalmic texts state: Rabbit liver clears Liver heat. Probably because rabbit eyes protrude and its nature is cold.
[Attached Prescriptions] New: One.
Wind-Heat Dim Vision: Due to Liver-Kidney Qi deficiency, wind-heat attacks upward, causing swollen and dim eyes. Use one rabbit liver, 3 he of rice, and fermented soybean juice. Cook as porridge and eat. (*Puji Fang*)
Skin and Hair (Collected in 12th lunar month)
[Therapeutic Actions] Burn to ash, take one cubic inch spoonful with wine to treat retained placenta after difficult labor, and lochia rushing to the heart causing distension and stabbing pain threatening life; highly effective (Su Gong). Decoct to wash pea sores (*Yaoxing*). Scalp ash: Treats scrofula and Gui Zhu toxic vapors feeling like needle pricks in the skin. Hair ash: Treats non-healing moxibustion sores (Chen Cangqi). Skin ash: Treats leukorrhea in women. Hair ash: Treats difficult urination. See Bai Xia for others (*Li Shizhen*).
[Attached Prescriptions] Old: Two
Female Leukorrhea: Burn rabbit skin until smoke disappears, powder. Take one cubic inch spoonful with wine, until cured. (*Waitai*)
Burn Wounds: Apply white hair from rabbit belly. Heal when hair falls off. (*Baiyi Fang*)
Feces (Collected in 12th lunar month)
[Names] Mingyue Sha (*Shenghui*), Wanyue Sha (*Jiyuan*), Tuxun (*Paozhi Lun*).
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats floating nebula in eyes, consumptive tuberculosis, five types of infant malnutrition, malnutrition sores, hemorrhoids, kills parasites, detoxifies (*Li Shizhen*).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Rabbit feces can detoxify and kill parasites, hence often used in formulas for eye diseases, malnutrition, sores, and hemorrhoids. Previous materia medica texts omit this, which is an omission. According to Shen Kuo's *Liangfang*: Wan Rong of Jiangyin suffered from consumption, limbs burning, alternating chills and fever, irritability. He dreamed of a person holding a bright moon, making his heart and bones cold. Upon waking, Sun Yuangu sent medicine, which cured him. He realized the dream referred to Mingyue Dan.
[Attached Prescriptions] Old: Two, New: Five.
Mingyue Dan: Treats consumption, expels worms. Use 49 grains of rabbit feces and 49 grains of Nao Sha (rock salt, size of rabbit feces). Powder them. Form pills the size of wutong seeds with raw honey. Before the full moon, soak licorice root in water overnight. At dawn, take seven pills with the juice. If worms pass, immediately fry them in oil. If not passed in three days, take again. (*Su Shen Liangfang*)
Five Malnutrition Diarrhea: Half liang of stir-fried rabbit feces, one dried toad, burned to ash. Wrap in silk like a lotus seed, insert into anus, change three times daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Constipation: Place one spoonful of Mingyue Sha in the navel, drip cold water through to induce passage. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Hemorrhoids with Bleeding and Unceasing Pain: Use Wanyue Sha, stir-fry slowly until yellow, powder. Take 2 qian each time with 5 fen of Frankincense, on an empty stomach with warm wine, three times daily. This is rabbit feces. (*Jiyuan Fang*)
Eclipse Ear Sore: On the night of the full moon, put rabbit feces into a toad's belly, burn together to powder, and apply. (*Zhouhou*)
Smallpox Entering Eyes Causing Nebula: Dry rabbit feces in sun, powder. Take 1 qian with tea for relief. (*Puji Fang*)
Post-Smallpox Eye Nebula: Go straight to the east-west ground in the mountains, do not look back. Find 14 grains of rabbit feces. Grind with one male and one female Areca Nut without dropping on the ground. Mix well with well water and take. Failure rate is less than one percent; efficacy is miraculous. (*Lin Shi Jingyan Fang*)