（《本经》上品）
【释名】时珍曰∶此马蹄决明也，以明目之功而名。又有草决明、石决明，皆同功者。
草决明即青葙子，陶氏所谓萋蒿是也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶决明子生龙门川泽，十月十日采，阴干百日。
弘景曰∶龙门在长安北。今处处有之。叶如茳芒。子形似马蹄，呼为马蹄决明，用之当
捣碎。又别有草决明，是萋蒿子，在下品中。
颂曰∶今处处人家园圃所莳。夏初生苗，高三四尺
许。根带紫色。叶似苜蓿而大。七月开黄花，结角。其子如青绿豆而锐，十月采之。按《尔
雅》∶ ，决光。郭璞释云∶药草决
，赤华，实如山茱萸。或曰
也。关西谓之 （音皆苟）。其说与此种颇不类。又有一种马蹄决明，叶如江豆，子
形似马蹄。
宗 曰∶决明，苗高四五尺，春亦为蔬。秋深结角，其子生角中如羊肾。今湖南北
人家所种甚多，
或在村野成段。蜀本《图经》言叶似苜蓿而阔大者，甚为允当。
时珍曰∶决明有二种∶一种马蹄决明，茎高三、四尺，叶大于苜蓿，而本小末 ，昼开
夜合，两两相
结角如初生细豇豆，长五、六寸。
角中子数十粒，参差相连，状如马蹄，青绿色，入眼目药最良。一种茳芒决明，《救荒本
草》所谓山扁豆是也。苗茎似马蹄决明，但叶之本小末尖，正似槐叶，夜亦不合。秋开深黄
花五出，结角大如小指，长二寸许。角中子成数列，状如黄葵子而扁，其色褐，味甘滑。二
种苗叶皆可作酒曲，俗呼为独占缸。但茳芒嫩苗及花与角子，皆可瀹茹及点茶食，而马蹄决
明苗角皆韧苦，不可食也。苏颂言 即决明，殊不类，恐别一物也。
子
【气味】咸，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶苦、甘，微寒。
之才曰∶蓍实为之使，恶大麻子。
【主治】青盲，目淫肤，赤白膜，眼赤痛泪出。久服益精光，轻身（《本经》）。疗唇口
青（《别录》）。助肝气，益精。以水调末涂，消肿毒。 太阳穴，治头痛。又贴脑心，止鼻
洪。作枕，治头风明目，胜于黑豆（《日华》）。治肝热风眼赤泪。每旦取一匙 净，空心
吞之，百日后夜见物光（甄权）。益肾，解蛇毒（震亨）
。叶作菜食，利五脏明目，甚良（甄权）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《相感志》言∶圃中种决明，蛇不敢入。丹溪朱氏言∶决明解蛇毒，
本于此也。王 《山居录》言∶春月种决明，叶生采食，其
亦可食。切忌泡茶，多食无不患风。按∶马蹄决明苗角皆韧而苦，不宜于食。纵食之，有利
五脏明目之功，何遂至于患风耶？又刘绩《霏雪录》言∶人家不可种决明，生子多跛。此迂
儒误听之说也，不可信。
【附方】旧一，新七。
积年失明∶决明子二升为末，每食后粥饮服方寸匕。（《外台秘要》）
青盲雀目∶决明一升，地肤子五两，为末，米饮丸梧子大，每米饮下二三十丸。（《普
济方》）
补肝明目∶决明子一升，蔓荆子二升，以酒五升煮，曝干为末。每饮服二钱，温水下，
日二
服。（《圣惠方》）
目赤肿痛∶决明子炒研，茶调敷两太阳穴，干则易之，一夜即愈。（《医方摘玄》）
头风热痛∶方同上。
鼻衄不止∶方见主治。
癣疮延蔓∶决明子一两为末，入水银、轻粉少许，研不见星，擦破上药，立瘥。
此东坡家藏方也。（《奇效良方》）
两，水三升，煮一升，分二服。大抵血滞则生疮，肝主藏血，决明和肝气，不损元气也。
（许学士《本事方》）
【附录】茳芒（《拾遗》） 藏器曰∶陶云∶决明叶如茳芒。按∶茳芒生道旁
，叶小于决明，性平无毒，火炙作饮极香，除痰止渴，令人不睡，调中，隋稠禅师采作
五色饮以进炀帝者，是也。又有茳芏，字从土，音吐，一名江蓠子，乃草似莞，生海边，可
为席者，与决明叶不相类。时珍曰∶茳芒亦决明之一种，故俗犹称独占缸。说见前集解下。
合明草（《拾遗》）
藏器曰∶味甘，寒，无毒。主暴热淋，小便
赤涩，小儿 病，明目下水，止血痢，捣绞汁服。生下湿地，叶如四出花，向夜叶即合。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】李时珍说：这是马蹄决明，因为具有明目的功效而得名。还有草决明、石决明，都具有同样的功效。
草决明就是青葙子，陶弘景所说的萋蒿就是它。
【集解】《名医别录》说：决明子生长在龙门川泽地带，十月十日采收，阴干一百天。
陶弘景说：龙门在长安以北。现在到处都有生长。叶子像茳芒。种子形状像马蹄，被称为马蹄决明，使用时应当捣碎。另外还有一种草决明，是萋蒿的种子，在下品中。
苏颂说：现在家家户户的园圃里都种植。夏初长出苗，高三四尺左右。根部带紫色。叶子像苜蓿但更大。七月开黄花，结荚果。种子像青绿豆且尖锐，十月采收。按《尔雅》记载：[缺字]，决光。郭璞解释为：药草决[缺字]，红花，果实像山茱萸。有人说也是[缺字]。关西称之为[缺字]（音皆苟）。这种说法与这种植物很不相同。又有一种马蹄决明，叶子像江豆，种子形状像马蹄。
寇宗奭说：决明，苗高四五尺，春天也可以作为蔬菜食用。深秋结荚果，种子生在荚果中像羊肾。现在湖南、湖北人家种植很多，有的在村野成片生长。蜀本《图经》说叶子像苜蓿但宽阔大的，非常恰当。
李时珍说：决明有两种：一种马蹄决明，茎高三、四尺，叶子比苜蓿大，而且基部小末端圆钝，白天开放晚上闭合，两两相对结成荚果像刚长出的细豇豆，长五、六寸。
荚果中有几十粒种子，参差不齐地连在一起，形状像马蹄，青绿色，入眼目药中最良。一种茳芒决明，《救荒本草》所说的山扁豆就是它。苗茎像马蹄决明，只是叶子基部小末端尖，正像槐叶，晚上也不闭合。秋天开深黄色五瓣花，结荚果大如小指，长约二寸。荚果中种子成数列，形状像黄葵子而扁平，颜色褐色，味道甘甜滑润。两种种苗的叶子都可以做酒曲，俗称为独占缸。但是茳芒的嫩苗以及花和角中的种子，都可以煮菜及泡茶食用，而马蹄决明的苗和角都坚韧味苦，不可食用。苏颂说[缺字]就是决明，很不相似，恐怕是另一种植物吧。
【气味】咸味，平性，无毒。《名医别录》说：苦味、甘味，微寒。
徐之才说：蓍实是它的使药，厌恶大麻子。
【主治】青盲，目淫肤，赤白膜，眼赤痛泪出。久服益精光，轻身（《神农本草经》）。疗唇口青（《名医别录》）。助肝气，益精。用水调末涂，消肿毒。贴太阳穴，治头痛。又贴脑心，止鼻洪。作枕，治头风明目，胜于黑豆（《日华子本草》）。治肝热风眼赤泪。每旦取一匙净，空心吞之，百日后夜见物光（甄权）。益肾，解蛇毒（震亨）。
叶子做菜吃，利五脏明目，很好（甄权）。
【发明】李时珍说：《相感志》说：园圃中种决明，蛇不敢进入。丹溪朱氏说：决明解蛇毒，本来依据于此。王谠《山居录》说：春月种决明，叶生采食，其[缺字]也可食。切忌泡茶，多食无不患风。按：马蹄决明苗角都坚韧而苦，不宜于食。即使吃了，有利五脏明目之功，何至于患风呢？又刘绩《霏雪录》说：人家不可种决明，生子多跛。这是迂腐儒生误听的说法，不可信。
【附方】旧一方，新七方。
积年失明：决明子二升为末，每食后粥饮服方寸匕。（《外台秘要》）
青盲雀目：决明一升，地肤子五两，为末，米饮丸梧子大，每米饮下二三十丸。（《普济方》）
补肝明目：决明子一升，蔓荆子二升，以酒五升煮，曝干为末。每饮服二钱，温水下，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
目赤肿痛：决明子炒研，茶调敷两太阳穴，干则易之，一夜即愈。（《医方摘玄》）
头风热痛：方同上。
鼻衄不止：方见主治。
癣疮延蔓：决明子一两为末，入水银、轻粉少许，研不见星，擦破上药，立瘥。
此东坡家藏方也。（《奇效良方》）
[缺字]二两，水三升，煮一升，分二服。大抵血滞则生疮，肝主藏血，决明和肝气，不损元气也。（许学士《本事方》）
【附录】茳芒（《本草拾遗》） 陈藏器说：陶弘景说：决明叶如茳芒。按：茳芒生道旁，叶小于决明，性平无毒，火炙作饮极香，除痰止渴，令人不睡，调中，隋稠禅师采作五色饮以进炀帝者，是也。又有茳芏，字从土，音吐，一名江蓠子，乃草似莞，生海边，可为席者，与决明叶不相类。李时珍说：茳芒亦决明之一种，故俗犹称独占缸。说见前集解下。
合明草（《本草拾遗》）
陈藏器说：味甘，寒，无毒。主暴热淋，小便赤涩，小儿[缺字]病，明目下水，止血痢，捣绞汁服。生下湿地，叶如四出花，向夜叶即合。
(Shangpin, High Grade, in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names:** Li Shizhen said: This is *Jue Ming* (Cassiae Semen) with the shape of a horse's hoof, named for its efficacy in improving vision. There are also *Cao Jue Ming* (Herbaceous Cassia) and *Shi Jue Ming* (Abalone Shell), all possessing similar effects.
*Cao Jue Ming* is *Qingxiangzi* (Celosiae Fructus), which Tao Hongjing referred to as *Qi Hao*.
**Collection and Explanation:** *Bielu* (Recorded by Famous Physicians) states: *Jue Ming Zi* grows in the marshes of Longmen, harvested on the tenth day of the tenth lunar month, and dried in the shade for one hundred days.
Tao Hongjing said: Longmen is north of Chang'an. It is now found everywhere. The leaves resemble *Jiang Mang*. The seeds resemble a horse's hoof, hence called *Ma Ti Jue Ming* (Horse-Hoof Cassia). When used, they should be crushed. Additionally, there is another *Cao Jue Ming*, which is the seed of *Qi Hao*, listed in the Xiapin (Low Grade).
Su Song said: It is now cultivated in gardens by households everywhere. Seedlings emerge in early summer, growing three or four chi high. The roots are purplish. The leaves are like those of alfalfa (*Muxu*) but larger. Yellow flowers bloom in July, forming pods. The seeds are like green mung beans but sharper, harvested in October. According to *Erya*: [Missing Character], *Jue Guang*. Guo Pu explained: Medicinal herb *Jue* [Missing Character], red flowers, fruits resembling *Shanzhuyu* (Corni Fructus). Some say it is also [Missing Character]. In Guanxi, it is called [Missing Character] (pronounced 'Jie Gou'). This description differs significantly from this species. There is another *Ma Ti Jue Ming*, with leaves like *Jiang Dou* and seeds shaped like a horse's hoof.
Kou Zongshi said: *Jue Ming* seedlings are four or five chi high and can be eaten as vegetables in spring. Pods form in late autumn, with seeds inside resembling sheep kidneys. It is widely planted in Hunan and Hubei, sometimes growing in patches in rural areas. The Shu edition of *Tujing* states that leaves resembling broad alfalfa are very accurate.
Li Shizhen said: There are two types of *Jue Ming*: One is *Ma Ti Jue Ming*, with stems three to four chi high, leaves larger than alfalfa, small at the base and rounded at the tip, opening during the day and closing at night. They pair up to form pods like young cowpeas, five to six cun long.
Inside each pod are dozens of seeds, irregularly connected, shaped like a horse's hoof, blue-green in color, and excellent for eye medications. The other type is *Jiang Mang Jue Ming*, known as *Shan Biandou* (Mountain Broad Bean) in *Jiu Huang Bencao*. Its stems resemble *Ma Ti Jue Ming*, but the leaves have small bases and pointed tips, exactly like locust leaves, and do not close at night. Deep yellow five-petaled flowers bloom in autumn, forming pods the size of a little finger, about two cun long. Seeds inside are arranged in rows, flat like *Huang Kui Zi* (Malvae Semen), brown in color, sweet and slippery in taste. The leaves of both types can be used as yeast for wine making, commonly called *Du Zhan Gang*. However, the tender shoots, flowers, and seeds of *Jiang Mang* can be boiled as vegetables or brewed as tea, whereas the shoots and pods of *Ma Ti Jue Ming* are tough and bitter, inedible. Su Song claimed [Missing Character] is *Jue Ming*, which is quite different; it is likely another plant.
**Flavor and Properties:** Salty, neutral, non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Bitter, sweet, slightly cold.
Xu Zhicai said: *Shi Shi* (Achyranthes Fruit) is its guiding drug; it dislikes *Da Ma Zi* (Cannabis Seed).
**Indications:** Blindness (*Qing Mang*), ocular discharge and skin overgrowth, red and white membranes, red eyes with pain and tearing. Long-term use improves essence and brightness, lightens the body (*Ben Jing*). Treats bluish lips and mouth (*Bielu*). Assists Liver Qi, benefits essence. Applied topically with water to reduce swelling and toxicity. Applied to Taiyang acupoints to treat headache. Applied to the brain and heart area to stop severe epistaxis. Made into pillows to treat wind-headache and improve vision, superior to black beans (*Rihua*). Treats liver wind-heat causing red eyes and tearing. Each morning, take one spoonful of clean powder, swallow on an empty stomach; after one hundred days, one can see objects in the dark (Zhen Quan). Benefits Kidney, resolves snake venom (Zhen Heng).
Leaves eaten as vegetables benefit the five zang organs and improve vision, very effective (Zhen Quan).
**Elucidation:** Li Shizhen said: *Xianggan Zhi* states: Planting *Jue Ming* in gardens prevents snakes from entering. Zhu Danxi stated that *Jue Ming* resolves snake venom, based on this. Wang Dang's *Shanju Lu* states: Plant *Jue Ming* in spring, harvest and eat the leaves, and its [Missing Character] is also edible. Avoid brewing as tea; excessive consumption leads to wind disorders. Note: The shoots and pods of *Ma Ti Jue Ming* are tough and bitter, unsuitable for eating. Even if consumed, benefiting the five zang organs and vision, how could it cause wind disorders? Liu Ji's *Feixue Lu* states: Do not plant *Jue Ming* at home, as children born will be lame. This is a rumor from pedantic scholars and should not be believed.
**Attached Prescriptions:** One old prescription, seven new ones.
Chronic blindness: Two sheng of *Jue Ming Zi* ground into powder. Take one fangcun bi (square-inch measure) with porridge drink after each meal. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Blindness and night blindness: One sheng of *Jue Ming*, five liang of *Difuzi* (Kochiae Fructus), ground into powder. Form pills the size of wutong seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills with rice drink. (*Puji Fang*)
Tonify Liver and improve vision: One sheng of *Jue Ming Zi*, two sheng of *Manjingzi* (Vitex Fructus). Boil in five sheng of wine, dry in sun, grind into powder. Take two qian per dose with warm water, twice daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Red, swollen, painful eyes: Stir-fry and grind *Jue Ming Zi*, mix with tea, apply to both Taiyang acupoints. Replace when dry; cured overnight. (*Yifang Zhaixuan*)
Wind-heat headache: Same formula as above.
Incessant epistaxis: See Indications section.
Spreading tinea: One liang of *Jue Ming Zi* ground into powder, add a small amount of mercury and *Qingfen* (Calomel), grind until no stars appear. Rub onto broken skin, immediate cure.
This is a family recipe of Dongpo. (*Qixiao Liangfang*)
[Missing Character] two liang, three sheng of water, boil to one sheng, divide into two doses. Generally, blood stasis causes sores. The Liver stores blood; *Jue Ming* harmonizes Liver Qi without damaging Yuan Qi. (Xu Xueshi *Benshi Fang*)
**Appendix:** *Jiang Mang* (*Bencao Shiyi*) Chen Cangqi said: Tao said: *Jue Ming* leaves resemble *Jiang Mang*. Note: *Jiang Mang* grows by roadsides, leaves smaller than *Jue Ming*, neutral nature, non-toxic. Roasted as a drink, extremely fragrant, resolves phlegm, stops thirst, induces wakefulness, regulates the middle. Sui monk Chou collected it to make a five-colored drink for Emperor Yangdi; this is it. There is also *Jiang Du*, character with earth radical, pronounced 'Tu', also named *Jiang Li Zi*, a grass resembling *Guan*, grows by the sea, can be made into mats, unlike *Jue Ming* leaves. Li Shizhen said: *Jiang Mang* is also a type of *Jue Ming*, hence still commonly called *Du Zhan Gang*. See Collection and Explanation below.
*He Ming Cao* (*Bencao Shiyi*)
Chen Cangqi said: Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Treats acute heat strangury, red and scanty urination, pediatric [Missing Character] disease, improves vision, promotes urination, stops bloody dysentery. Crush and squeeze juice to take. Grows in damp places, leaves like four-out flowers, close at night.