（《本经》上品）
【释名】地葵（《本经》）、地麦
》）、王 （《尔雅》）、王帚（郭璞）、扫帚（弘景）、益明（《药性》）、
白地草（《纲目》）、
时珍曰∶地肤、地麦，因其子形似也。地葵，因其苗味似
也。鸭舌，因其形似也。妓女，因其枝繁而头多也。益明，因其子功能明目也。子落则老，
茎可为帚，故有帚、 诸名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶地肤子生荆州平泽及田野，八月、十月采实，阴干。
弘景曰∶今田野间亦多，皆取茎苗为扫帚。其子微细，入补药丸散用，仙经不甚用。
恭曰∶田野人名为地麦草，北人名涎衣草。叶细茎赤，出熟田中。苗极弱，不能胜举。
今云堪为扫帚，恐未之识也。
大明曰∶地肤即落帚子也。子色青，似一眠起蚕砂之状。
颂曰∶今蜀川、关中近地皆有之。初生薄地，五、六寸，根形如蒿，茎赤叶青，大似荆
芥。三月开黄白花，结子青白色，八月、九月采实。神仙七精散云∶地肤子，星之精也。或
曰其苗即独帚也，一名鸭舌草。陶弘景所谓茎苗可为扫帚者，苏恭言其苗弱不胜举，二说不
同，而今医家皆以为独帚。密州图上者，云根作丛生，每窠有二三十茎，茎有赤有黄，七
月开黄花，其实地肤也。至八月而 干成，可采。此正与独帚相合。恐西北出者短弱，故苏
说云耳。
时珍曰∶地肤嫩苗，可作蔬茹，一科数十枝，攒簇团团直上，性最柔弱，故将老
时可为帚，耐用。苏恭云不可帚，止言其嫩苗而已。其子最繁。《尔雅》云∶
王。郭璞注云∶王帚也。似藜，可以为扫帚，江东呼为落帚。此说得之。
子
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。时珍曰∶甘，寒。
【主治】膀胱热，利小便，补中益精气。久服耳目聪明，轻身耐老（《本经》）。
去皮肤中热气，使人润泽，散恶疮疝瘕，强阴（《别录》）。治阴卵 疾，去热风，可
作汤沐浴。与阳起石同服，主丈夫阴痿不起，补气益力（甄权）。治客热丹肿（《日华》）。
【发明】藏器曰∶众病皆起于虚。虚而多热者，加地肤子、甘草。
【附方】旧三，新七。
风热赤目∶地肤子（焙）一升，生地黄半斤，取汁和作饼，晒干研末。每服三钱，空心
酒服。
目痛眯目∶凡目痛及眯目中伤有热瞑者。取地肤子白汁，频注目中。（王焘《外台秘要》）
雷头风肿，不省人事∶落帚子同生姜研烂，热冲酒服，取汗即愈。（《圣济总录》）
胁下疼痛∶地肤子为末，酒服方寸匕。（《寿域神方》）
疝气危急∶地肤子（即落帚子），炒香研末。每服一钱，酒下。（《简便方》）
狐疝阴 ，超越举重，卒得阴 ，及小儿狐疝，伤损生 ∶并用地肤子五钱，白
术二钱半，桂心五分，为末。饮或酒服三钱，忌生葱、桃、李。（《必效方》）
腰痛积年，有时发动∶六月、七月取地肤子，干末。酒服方寸匕，日五、六服。（《肘后》）
血痢不止∶地肤子五两，地榆、黄芩各一两，为末。每服方寸匕，温水调下。（《圣惠方》）
妊娠患淋，热痛酸楚，手足烦疼∶地肤子十二两，水四升，煎二升半，分服。（《子母秘
录》）
肢体疣目∶地肤子、白矾等分，煎汤频洗。（《寿域神方》）
苗叶
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶甘、苦。烧灰煎霜，制砒石、粉霜、水银、硫黄、雄黄、 砂。
【主治】捣汁服，主赤白痢，烧灰亦善。煎水洗目，去热暗雀盲涩痛（《别录》）。主大
肠泄泻，和气
【发明】时珍曰∶按虞抟《医学正传》云∶抟兄年七十，秋间患淋，
日，百方不效。后得一方，取地肤草捣自然汁，服之遂通。至贱之物，有回生之功如此。时
珍按∶《圣惠方》治小便不通，用地麦草一大把，水煎服。古方亦常用之。此物能益阴气，
通小肠。无阴则阳无以化，亦东垣治小便不通，用黄柏、知母滋肾之意。
【附方】新一。
物伤睛陷， 肉突出∶地肤（洗去土）二两。捣绞汁，
每点少许。冬月以干者煮浓汁。（《圣惠方》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】地葵（出自《本经》）、地麦。王帚（郭璞注《尔雅》称“王”）、益明（出自《药性论》）、白地草（出自《本草纲目》）。李时珍说：地肤、地麦，是因为它的种子形状相似而得名。地葵，是因为它的幼苗和味道相似于葵菜而得名。鸭舌，是因为其形状像鸭舌而得名。妓女，是因为它的枝条繁茂且顶端分枝多而得名。益明，是因为它的种子具有明目的功效而得名。种子脱落后植株变老，茎干可以做成扫帚，所以有“帚”、“王帚”等名称。
【集解】《名医别录》说：地肤子生长在荆州的平原地带及田野中，八月、十月采集果实，阴干备用。陶弘景说：现在田野间也很多，人们都取茎苗制作成扫帚。它的种子非常细小，用于补药的丸散中，道教仙经中不常用。苏恭说：田野里的人叫它地麦草，北方人叫它涎衣草。叶子细，茎是红色的，生长在熟化的田地中。幼苗极其柔弱，承受不住自身的重量。现在有人说它可以做扫帚，恐怕是没有真正认识这种植物。孟诜说：地肤就是落帚子。种子颜色青，形状像刚眠起蚕的粪便。苏颂说：现在蜀川、关中靠近地面的地方都有生长。初生时在贫瘠的土地上，高五、六寸，根部形状像艾蒿，茎红叶青，大小很像荆芥。三月开黄白色的花，结出青白色的种子，八月、九月采集果实。《神仙七精散》说：地肤子是星星的精气凝结而成。有人说它的幼苗就是独帚，又名鸭舌草。陶弘景所说的茎苗可做扫帚，苏恭说它的幼苗柔弱不堪用，两种说法不同，但现在的医家都认为它是独帚。密州地图上的记载说，根呈丛生状，每丛有两三十个茎，茎有红色也有黄色，七月开黄花，它的果实就是地肤。到了八月茎干成熟，可以采集。这正与独帚相符。恐怕西北地区产的地肤短小柔弱，所以苏恭那样说。李时珍说：地肤嫩苗可以作为蔬菜食用，一丛有几十枝，簇拥着团团直立向上，性质最柔弱，所以老了以后可以做扫帚，很耐用。苏恭说不能做扫帚，只是指它的嫩苗而言。它的种子非常多。《尔雅》说：王帚。郭璞注释说：王帚。形状像藜，可以做扫帚，江东地区叫它落帚。这个说法是正确的。
【气味】苦味，寒性，无毒。李时珍说：甘味，寒性。
【主治】膀胱热证，通利小便，补益中气，增益精气。长期服用可使耳目聪明，身体轻健，延缓衰老（出自《本经》）。去除皮肤中的热气，使肌肤润泽，消散恶疮、疝气和癥瘕，强壮阴气（出自《别录》）。治疗阴囊疾病，去除热风，可以用来煮汤沐浴。与阳起石同服，主治男子阳痿不起，补气增力（甄权）。治疗客热引起的丹毒肿胀（《日华子本草》）。
【发明】陈藏器说：各种疾病都起因于虚损。虚而多热的情况，加用地肤子、甘草。
【附方】旧方三个，新方七个。
风热导致的赤眼：地肤子（焙干）一升，生地黄半斤，榨取汁液混合做成饼，晒干后研成粉末。每次服用三钱，空腹时用酒送服。
眼睛疼痛、眯眼：凡是眼睛疼痛以及被异物刺伤伴有热感眯眼的。取地肤子的白色汁液，频繁滴入眼中。（王焘《外台秘要》）
雷头风肿，神志不清：落帚子同生姜一起捣烂，热酒后冲服，出汗即愈。（《圣济总录》）
胁下疼痛：地肤子研成粉末，用酒送服一方寸匕。（《寿域神方》）
疝气危急：地肤子（即落帚子），炒香后研成粉末。每次服用一钱，用酒送下。（《简便方》）
狐疝、阴囊肿大，超越举重，突然得阴疝，以及小儿狐疝，损伤导致阴囊肿大：均用地肤子五钱，白术二钱半，桂心五分，研成粉末。用水或酒送服三钱，忌食生葱、桃、李。（《必效方》）
腰痛多年，有时发作：六月、七月采集地肤子，干燥后研成粉末。用酒送服一方寸匕，每天五、六次。（《肘后备急方》）
血痢不止：地肤子五两，地榆、黄芩各一两，研成粉末。每次服用一方寸匕，温水调下。（《太平圣惠方》）
妊娠期间患淋证，热痛酸楚，手足烦疼：地肤子十二两，水四升，煎至二升半，分次服用。（《子母秘录》）
肢体疣目：地肤子、白矾等分，煎汤频繁清洗。（《寿域神方》）
【苗叶】
【气味】苦味，寒性，无毒。
李时珍说：甘味、苦味。烧成灰煎取霜，可以炼制砒石、粉霜、水银、硫黄、雄黄、硇砂。
【主治】捣汁服用，主治赤白痢疾，烧成灰使用也很好。煎水洗眼，去除热症引起的雀盲、涩痛（《名医别录》）。主治大肠泄泻，调和气机。
【发明】李时珍说：查阅虞抟《医学正传》记载：虞抟的哥哥七十岁时，秋天患淋证，一天多次发作，用百种方法都不见效。后来得到一个方子，取地肤草捣取自然汁，服用后小便随即通畅。如此低贱的物品，竟有起死回生的功效。李时珍按语：《太平圣惠方》治疗小便不通，用地麦草一大把，水煎服。古方也常用此法。此物能益阴气，通小肠。无阴则阳气无法化生，这也符合李东垣治疗小便不通时，使用黄柏、知母滋补肾阴的意思。
【附方】新方一个。
物体撞击导致眼球凹陷，肉突出：地肤（洗去泥土）二两。捣碎绞取汁液，每次点少许。冬天用干品煮浓汁。（《太平圣惠方》）
(Grade Shang / Upper Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Di Kui (from *Benjing*), Di Mai. Wang Shu (Guo Pu's annotation of *Erya* refers to "Wang"), Yi Ming (from *Yaoxing Lun*), Bai Di Cao (from *Bencao Gangmu*). Li Shizhen said: Di Fu and Di Mai are named for the similarity in their seed shapes. Di Kui is named because its seedling and taste resemble *Brassica rapa* var. *pekinensis* (Kui). Ya She (Duck Tongue) is named for its shape resembling a duck's tongue. Ji Nv (Prostitute) is named because its branches are lush and have many tips. Yi Ming is named because its seeds have the function of improving vision. After the seeds fall, the plant ages; the stems can be made into brooms, hence the names such as "Broom" and "Wang Broom".
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Bielu* states: Difuzi grows in the flat marshes and fields of Jingzhou. The fruits are harvested in August and October and dried in the shade. Tao Hongjing said: It is now abundant in the fields, and people generally take the stems and seedlings to make brooms. Its seeds are very fine and are used in tonifying pills and powders, but are not much used in Daoist immortal scriptures. Su Gong said: People in the fields call it Dimai Cao, and people in the north call it Xianyi Cao. The leaves are thin, the stems are red, and it grows in cultivated fields. The seedlings are extremely weak and cannot support themselves. To say now that it can be used for brooms suggests a lack of true understanding of this plant. Meng Shen said: Difu is the same as Luozhouzi. The seeds are greenish, resembling the frass of silkworms after they have slept and risen. Su Song said: It is found near the ground in Shuchuan and Guanzhong. When first growing in poor soil, it is five or six cun tall, with roots resembling Artemisia argyi, red stems, and green leaves, looking quite like Nanyanhuacao (Schizonepeta). It opens yellow-white flowers in March, bears greenish-white seeds, and the fruits are harvested in August and September. *Shenxian Qijing San* says: Difuzi is the essence of stars. Some say its seedling is Duzhou, also known as Yashucao. Tao Hongjing stated that the stems and seedlings could be made into brooms, while Su Gong said its seedlings were too weak to bear weight; these two views differ, yet current physicians consider it to be Duzhou. The map of Mizhou states that the root is clustered, with twenty or thirty stems per cluster, some red and some yellow, opening yellow flowers in July, and its fruit is Difuzi. By August, the stems mature and can be harvested. This perfectly matches Duzhou. Perhaps those from the northwest are short and weak, which is why Su Gong said so. Li Shizhen said: The tender seedlings of Difu can be eaten as vegetables. One clump has dozens of branches, clustering tightly and growing straight up. Its nature is most soft, so when old it can serve as a durable broom. Su Gong said it cannot be used for brooms, referring only to its tender seedlings. Its seeds are very abundant. *Erya* says: Wang Shu. Guo Pu's annotation says: Wang Shu. It resembles Chenopodium album and can be made into brooms; the Jiangdong region calls it Luozhou. This view is correct.
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic. Li Shizhen said: Sweet, Cold.
**[Indications]** Treats Bladder Heat, promotes urination, tonifies the Middle Jiao, and benefits Essence and Qi. Long-term use makes the ears and eyes clear, lightens the body, and delays aging (*Benjing*). Removes heat from the skin, keeps the skin moist, dissipates malignant sores, hernia, and masses, and strengthens Yin (*Bielu*). Treats scrotal diseases, removes wind-heat, and can be used for bathing decoctions. Taken together with Yangqishi, it treats male impotence, tonifies Qi, and increases strength (Zhen Quan). Treats external heat causing erysipelas and swelling (*Rihua Bencao*).
**[Elucidation]** Chen Zangqi said: All diseases arise from deficiency. In cases of deficiency with much heat, add Difuzi and Gancao.
**[Prescriptions]** Three old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Wind-Heat Red Eyes: Roasted Difuzi one sheng, raw Dihuang half jin. Extract the juice, mix to form cakes, dry them, and grind into powder. Take three qian each time, on an empty stomach with wine.
Eye Pain and Squinting: For any eye pain or squinting caused by foreign bodies with heat. Take the white juice of Difuzi and frequently instill it into the eyes. (Wang Tao, *Waitai Miyao*)
Leitou Feng Swelling and Unconsciousness: Luozhouzi mashed with fresh ginger, taken hot with wine to induce sweating, leading to recovery. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Hypochondriac Pain: Difuzi ground into powder, taken with wine, one fangcun bi dose. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
Critical Hernia: Difuzi (i.e., Luozhouzi), roasted until fragrant and ground into powder. Take one qian each time, washed down with wine. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Huxian Hernia and Scrotal Swelling, resulting from heavy lifting, sudden onset of Yin hernia, pediatric Huxian hernia, or injury causing scrotal swelling: Use Difuzi five qian, Baizhu two and a half qian, Guixin five fen, ground into powder. Take three qian with water or wine. Avoid raw green onions, peaches, and plums. (*Bixiao Fang*)
Chronic Lower Back Pain with Periodic Flare-ups: Harvest Difuzi in June and July, dry and grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi dose with wine, five or six times a day. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Incessant Bloody Dysentery: Difuzi five liang, Diyü and Huangqin one liang each, ground into powder. Take one fangcun bi dose each time, mixed with warm water. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*)
Pregnancy Complicated by Strangury, with Heat, Pain, Soreness, and Restlessness in Hands and Feet: Difuzi twelve liang, four sheng of water, decocted to two and a half sheng, divided into doses. (*Zimu Milu*)
Limbs Warts: Equal parts Difuzi and Baifan, decocted in water for frequent washing. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
**[Seedlings and Leaves]**
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Sweet, Bitter. Burned to ash and decocted into frost, it can refine Pishi, Fenshuang, Shuiyin, Liu Huang, Xionghuang, and Naosha.
**[Indications]** Juice extracted by crushing and taken internally treats bloody and non-bloody dysentery; burning to ash is also effective. Decocted to wash the eyes removes heat-induced night blindness, astringency, and pain (*Bielu*). Treats large intestine diarrhea and harmonizes Qi.
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen said: According to Yu Tuan's *Yixue Zhengchuan*: Yu Tuan's brother, aged seventy, suffered from strangury in autumn, occurring many times a day. A hundred methods failed. Later, he obtained a prescription: crush Difuc grass to extract natural juice and take it, whereupon urination immediately resumed. Such a humble object possesses the power to revive life. Li Shizhen notes: *Taiping Shenghui Fang* treats urinary retention by decocting a large handful of Dimai Cao in water. Ancient formulas also commonly use this. This herb benefits Yin Qi and unblocks the Small Intestine. Without Yin, Yang cannot transform; this aligns with Li Dongyuan's intent in treating urinary retention using Huangbai and Zhimu to nourish Kidney Yin.
**[Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
Traumatic Eye Depression and Protrusion: Difu (washed to remove dirt) two liang. Crush and extract juice, instill a few drops each time. In winter, boil dried material to make a concentrated juice. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*)