（瞿音劬。《本经》中品）
【释名】蘧麦（《尔雅》）、巨句麦
竹（《日华》）、南天竺草（《纲目》）。
弘景曰∶子颇似麦，故名瞿麦。
时珍曰∶按陆佃解《韩诗外传》云∶生于两旁谓之瞿。此麦之穗旁生故也。《尔雅》作
遽。有渠、衢二音。《日华本草》云∶一名燕麦，
一名杜姥草者，误矣。燕麦即雀麦，雀瞿二字相近，传写之讹尔。
【集解】《别录》曰∶瞿麦生太山山谷，立秋采实阴干。
弘景曰∶今出近道。一茎生细叶，花红紫赤色可爱，合子叶刈取之，子颇似麦子。有两
种，一种微大，花边有叉丫，未知何者是也？今市人皆用小者。复一种，叶广相似而有毛，
花晚而甚赤。按∶
颂曰∶今处处有之。苗高一尺以来，叶尖小青色，根
紫黑色，形如细蔓荆。花红紫赤色，亦似映山红，二月至五月开。七月结实作穗，子颇似麦
。河阳河中府出者，苗可用。淮甸出者根细，村民取作刷帚。《尔雅》谓之大菊，《广雅
》谓之茈萎是也。
时珍曰∶石竹叶似地肤叶而尖小，又似初生小竹叶而细窄，其茎纤细有节，高尺余
，梢间开花。田野生者，花大如钱，红紫色。人家栽者，花稍小而妩媚，有红白粉红紫赤
斑烂数色，俗呼为洛阳花。结实如燕麦，内有小黑子。其嫩苗炸熟水淘过，可食。
穗
【修治】 曰∶凡使只用蕊壳，不用茎叶。若一时同使，即空心令人气噎、小便不禁也。
用时以 竹沥浸一伏时，漉晒。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶辛。权曰∶甘。
之才曰∶ 草、牡丹为之使，恶螵蛸，伏丹砂。
【主治】关格诸癃结，小便不通，出刺，决痈肿，明目去翳，破胎堕子，下闭血（《本
经》）。养肾气，逐膀胱邪逆，止霍乱，长毛发
血块排脓（《大明》）。
叶
【主治】痔 并泻血，作汤粥食。又治小儿蛔虫，及丹石药发。并眼目肿痛及肿毒，捣
敷。治浸淫疮并妇人阴疮（大明）。
【发明】杲曰∶瞿麦利小便为君主之用。
颂曰∶古今方通心经、利小肠为最要。
宗 曰∶八正散用瞿麦，今人为至要药。若心经虽有热，而小肠虚者服之，
则心热未退，而小肠别作病矣。盖小肠与心为传送，故用此入小肠。本草并不治心热。若心
无大热，止治其心，或制之不尽，当求其属以衰之可也。
时珍曰∶近古方家治产难，有石
竹花汤，治九孔出血，有南天竺饮，皆取其破血利窍也。
【附方】旧六，新五。
小便石淋，宜破血∶瞿麦子捣为末，酒服方寸匕，日三服，三日当下石。（《外台秘要》）
小便不利有水气，栝蒌瞿麦丸主之∶瞿麦二钱半，栝蒌根二两，大附子一个，茯苓、山芋各
三两，为末，蜜和丸梧子大。一服三丸，日三。未知，益至七、八丸。以小便利、腹中温为
知也。（张仲景《金匮方》）
下焦结热，小便淋闭，或有血出，或大小便出血∶瞿麦穗一两
，甘草（炙）七钱五分，山栀子仁（炒）半两，为末。每服七钱，连须葱头七个，灯心五十
茎，
生姜五片，水二碗，煎至七分，时时温服。名立效散。（《千金方》）
子死腹中或产经数日不下∶以瞿麦煮浓汁服之。（《千金方》）
九窍出血，服药不止者。南天竺草（即瞿麦）拇指大一把，山栀子仁三十个，生姜一块，
甘草（炙）半两，灯草一小把，大枣五枚。水煎服。（《圣济总录》）
目赤肿痛浸淫等疮∶瞿麦炒黄为末，以鹅涎调涂 头即开。或捣汁涂之。（《圣惠方》）
眯目生翳，其物不出者，生肤翳者∶瞿麦、干姜（炮）为末。井华水调服二钱，日二服。
（
鱼脐疔疮∶瞿麦烧灰，和油敷之，甚佳。（崔氏方）
咽喉骨哽∶瞿麦为末。水服方寸匕，日二。（《外台秘要》）
竹木入肉∶瞿麦为末。水服方寸匕。或煮汁，日饮三次。（《梅师方》）
箭刀在肉及咽喉胸膈诸隐处不出∶酒服瞿麦末方寸匕，日三服。（《千金方》）
（“瞿”音同“劬”。《神农本草经》列为中品。）
【释名】蘧麦（出自《尔雅》）、巨句麦、竹（出自《日华子本草》）、南天竺草（出自《本草纲目》）。
陶弘景说：它的种子很像麦子，所以名叫瞿麦。
李时珍说：据陆佃解释《韩诗外传》称：生长在两旁叫做“瞿”。这是指这种麦子的穗从旁边长出来。《尔雅》写作“遽”，有渠、衢两个读音。《日华子本草》说：一名燕麦，一名杜姥草，这是错误的。燕麦就是雀麦，“雀”和“瞿”两个字相近，是传抄书写时的讹误罢了。
【集解】《名医别录》说：瞿麦生长于泰山山谷中，立秋时采集果实并阴干。
陶弘景说：现在出产于附近各地。一根茎上长着细叶，花呈红紫赤色，十分可爱，连同叶子一起收割，种子颇像麦子。有两种，一种稍大，花瓣边缘有分叉，不知道哪一种是对的？现在市场上都用较小的那种。另一种，叶子宽大相似但有毛，开花晚且颜色很红。
苏颂说：现在到处都有。苗高一尺左右，叶尖小呈青色，根呈紫黑色，形状像细蔓荆。花呈红紫赤色，也类似映山红，二月到五月开花。七月结果成穗，种子颇像麦子。河阳、河中府出产的，苗可用。淮甸出产的根细，村民取来作刷帚。《尔雅》称之为大菊，《广雅》称之为茈萎，说的就是它。
李时珍说：石竹的叶子像地肤的叶子但更尖小，又像初生的小竹叶那样细窄，茎纤细有节，高约一尺多，梢头开花。野外生长的，花大如铜钱，呈红紫色。人家种植的，花稍小且妩媚，有红、白、粉红、紫赤等斑驳数种颜色，俗称为洛阳花。结籽像燕麦，里面有小黑子。其嫩苗炸熟后用水淘过，可以食用。
【修治】雷敩说：凡使用只取蕊壳，不用茎叶。如果同时使用，会导致空心使人气噎、小便失禁。使用时用竹沥浸泡一个时辰，捞出晒干。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：辛。李权说：甘。
徐之才说：蔚草、牡丹是它的引经药（使药），畏螵蛸，能制约丹砂。
【主治】关格诸癃结，小便不通，排出刺物，决破痈肿，明目去翳，破胎堕子，下闭血（出自《神农本草经》）。养肾气，驱逐膀胱邪逆，止霍乱，生发毛发，排脓化块（出自《大明本草》）。
【叶主治】痔疮及泻血，煮汤粥食用。又治小儿蛔虫，以及丹石药毒发作。还有眼目肿痛及肿毒，捣烂外敷。治浸淫疮及妇人阴疮（出自《大明本草》）。
【发明】张杲说：瞿麦利小便，作为君药使用。
苏颂说：古今方剂中通心经、利小肠最为重要。
寇宗奭说：八正散中使用瞿麦，现在人认为是最重要的药。如果心经虽有热，但小肠虚的人服用，那么心热未退，而小肠会另生病痛。因为小肠与心相表里为传送之官，所以用此药入小肠。本草书中并不治疗心热。如果心无大热，只治疗心脏，或者制约不够彻底，应当寻求其所属脏腑来衰退病势即可。
李时珍说：近古方家治疗难产，有用石竹花汤，治疗九窍出血，有用南天竺饮，都是取其破血利窍的作用。
【附方】旧方六首，新方五首。
小便石淋，宜破血：瞿麦种子捣为末，酒服一方寸匕，每日三次，三日后可排出结石。（《外台秘要》）
小便不利有水气，栝蒌瞿麦丸主之：瞿麦二钱半，栝蒌根二两，大附子一个，茯苓、山芋各三两，研为末，蜜和丸如梧子大。每次服三丸，每日三次。若无效，增至七、八丸。以小便利、腹中温暖为见效。（张仲景《金匮方》）
下焦结热，小便淋闭，或有血出，或大小便出血：瞿麦穗一两，甘草（炙）七钱五分，山栀子仁（炒）半两，研为末。每次服七钱，加连须葱头七个，灯心五十茎，生姜五片，水二碗，煎至七分，时时温服。名为立效散。（《千金方》）
子死腹中或产经数日不下：以瞿麦煮浓汁服用。（《千金方》）
九窍出血，服药不止者：南天竺草（即瞿麦）拇指大一把，山栀子仁三十个，生姜一块，甘草（炙）半两，灯草一小把，大枣五枚。水煎服。（《圣济总录》）
目赤肿痛浸淫等疮：瞿麦炒黄为末，以鹅涎调涂患处即开。或捣汁涂之。（《圣惠方》）
眯目生翳，异物不出者，生肤翳者：瞿麦、干姜（炮）为末。井华水调服二钱，每日二次。（《圣惠方》注：此处原文缺书名，依上下文推断）
鱼脐疔疮：瞿麦烧灰，和油敷之，甚佳。（崔氏方）
咽喉骨哽：瞿麦为末。水服一方寸匕，每日二次。（《外台秘要》）
竹木入肉：瞿麦为末。水服一方寸匕。或煮汁，每日饮三次。（《梅师方》）
箭刀在肉及咽喉胸膈诸隐处不出：酒服瞿麦末一方寸匕，每日三次。（《千金方》）
("Qu" sounds like "qu". Listed as Medium Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*.)
[Names] Qu Mai (from *Erya*), Ju Ju Mai, Zhu (from *Rihua Bencao*), Nantianzhu Cao (from *Bencao Gangmu*).
Tao Hongjing said: Its seeds resemble wheat, hence the name Qumai.
Li Shizhen said: According to Lu Duan's explanation of the *Han Shi Waizhuan*: growing on both sides is called "Qu". This refers to the ears of this wheat growing from the sides. *Erya* writes it as "Ju", with pronunciations Qu and Qu. *Rihua Bencao* states: also known as Yanmai (Oat), also known as Dulao Cao; this is incorrect. Yanmai is Que Mai (Barnyard Grass). The characters "Que" and "Qu" are similar, resulting from transcription errors.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Qumai grows in the valleys of Mount Tai; harvest the fruits at Start of Autumn and dry in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: It is now produced in nearby regions. One stem produces fine leaves; flowers are red-purple-red, quite lovely. Harvest together with leaves; seeds somewhat resemble wheat. There are two varieties: one slightly larger, with forked petal edges; it is unknown which is correct. Currently, the market uses the smaller variety. Another variety has broader leaves similar but hairy, blooms late and is very red.
Su Song said: It is found everywhere. Seedlings are about one chi high, leaves are small and pointed green, roots are purple-black, shaped like thin Manjing (Vitex trifolia var. heterophylla). Flowers are red-purple-red, resembling Azalea (Yingshanhong), blooming from February to May. Bears fruit in July forming spikes; seeds resemble wheat. Those from Heyang and Hezhong Fu have usable seedlings. Those from Huaidian have fine roots, used by villagers for brooms. *Erya* calls it Daju, *Guangya* calls it Ziwei; these refer to it.
Li Shizhen said: Dianthus leaves resemble Kochia leaves but are sharper and smaller, also like young bamboo leaves but narrower. Stems are slender with nodes, over a chi high, flowering at the tips. Wild ones have flowers as large as coins, red-purple. Cultivated ones have slightly smaller, charming flowers, with red, white, pink, purple-red mottled colors, commonly called Luoyang Hua. Seeds resemble oats, containing small black seeds inside. Young shoots blanched and rinsed are edible.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When used, only the stamen/sheath is taken, not stems or leaves. If used together, it causes emptiness in the heart, leading to qi obstruction and urinary incontinence. When using, soak in Bamboo Sap (Zhuli) for one shichen (2 hours), drain and dry.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* says: Pungent. Li Quan says: Sweet.
Xu Zhicai said: Weicao (Plantago asiatica) and Mudan (Paeonia suffruticosa) act as its guiding herbs (Shi); it is opposed by Piaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case) and can subdue Dansha (Cinnabar).
[Indications] Guan Ge (obstruction syndrome) and various Long Jie (strangulation/knotting syndromes), urinary retention, expelling spicules, resolving abscesses and swelling, brightening eyes and removing nebula, breaking fetal stagnation and inducing abortion, draining stagnant blood (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Nourishes Kidney Qi, drives out pathogenic rebellion in the Bladder, stops cholera, promotes hair growth, drains pus and resolves masses (*Daming Bencao*).
[Leaf Indications] Hemorrhoids and bloody diarrhea, cooked in soup or porridge. Also treats pediatric ascariasis, and reactions to Dan-Shi medicines. Also treats eye swelling/pain and toxic swellings, applied externally after pounding. Treats Jin Yin Chuang (oozing sores) and women's yin sores (*Daming Bencao*).
[Elucidation] Zhang Gao said: Qumai benefits urination and serves as the Sovereign herb.
Su Song said: In ancient and modern formulas, benefiting the Heart Meridian and promoting Small Intestine function is most crucial.
Kou Zongshi said: Ba Zheng San uses Qumai; people today consider it an essential herb. If the Heart Meridian has heat but the Small Intestine is deficient, taking it will leave Heart heat unresolved while causing new Small Intestine pathology. Since the Small Intestine and Heart are exterior-interior partners for transmission, this herb enters the Small Intestine. Materia Medica texts do not treat Heart heat directly. If there is no severe Heart heat, treat the Heart directly, or if suppression is incomplete, seek its associated organ to diminish the pathogen.
Li Shizhen said: Recent ancient physicians treating difficult labor use Dianthus Flower Decoction; for bleeding from nine orifices, they use Nantianzhu Yin. Both utilize its ability to break blood stasis and benefit orifices.
[Attached Prescriptions] Six old, five new.
Urinary calculi (Stone Lin), suitable for breaking blood stasis: Pound Qumai seeds into powder, take one Fang Cun Bi with wine, three times daily. Stones should pass within three days (*Waitai Miyao*).
Urinary difficulty with water retention, Gualou Qumai Wan is indicated: Qumai 2.5 qian, Gualou Gen 2 liang, Da Fuzi 1 piece, Fuling and Shanyu each 3 liang. Pound into powder, mix with honey to make pills the size of Wuzi (walnut seeds). Take 3 pills per dose, three times daily. If ineffective, increase to 7-8 pills. Effectiveness is confirmed by free urination and warmth in the abdomen (*Jingui Yaolue* by Zhang Zhongjing).
Lower Jiao constrained heat, urinary strangulation/retention, possibly with blood discharge, or bleeding from both bowels and urine: Qumai Sui 1 liang, Gancao (roasted) 7.5 qian, Shanzhizi Ren (stir-fried) 0.5 liang. Pound into powder. Take 7 qian per dose, with 7 scallion heads (with roots), 50 stems of Dengxin, 5 slices of Shengjiang. Add 2 bowls of water, decoct to 0.7 bowl, take warm occasionally. Named Lixiao San (*Qianjin Fang*).
Dead fetus in uterus or delivery delayed for several days: Boil Qumai to make a concentrated decoction and drink (*Qianjin Fang*).
Bleeding from nine orifices, uncontrolled by other medicines: A handful of Nantianzhu Cao (i.e., Qumai) the size of a thumb, 30 Shanzhizi Ren, one piece of Shengjiang, 0.5 liang Gancao (roasted), a small handful of Dengcao, 5 Dazao. Decoct in water and drink (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Red swollen painful eyes, oozing sores: Fry Qumai until yellow, pound into powder. Mix with Goose Saliva to apply to the affected area until it opens. Or pound into juice and apply (*Shenghui Fang*).
Foreign body in eye causing nebula that does not exit, or skin nebula formation: Qumai and Ganjiang (roasted) pounded into powder. Mix with well-water (Jinghua Shui) and take 2 qian, twice daily.
Fish Umbilical Ding Chuang (carbuncle): Burn Qumai to ash, mix with oil and apply; very effective (*Cui Shi Fang*).
Bone splinter stuck in throat: Qumai pounded into powder. Take one Fang Cun Bi with water, twice daily (*Waitai Miyao*).
Bamboo/wood splinter in flesh: Qumai pounded into powder. Take one Fang Cun Bi with water. Or boil juice and drink three times daily (*Mei Shi Fang*).
Arrowhead or blade stuck in flesh or hidden areas like throat/chest/diaphragm: Take one Fang Cun Bi of Qumai powder with wine, three times daily (*Qianjin Fang*).