（《别录》下品）
【释名】上池水。弘景曰∶此竹篱头水，及空树穴中水也。时珍曰∶《战国策》云∶长
桑君饮扁鹊以上池之水，能洞见脏腑。注云∶上池水，半天河也。然别有法。
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
【主治】鬼疰，狂，邪气。恶毒（《别录》）。洗诸疮（弘景）。主蛊毒（《日华》）。杀鬼
精，恍惚妄语，与饮之，勿令知之（甄权）。槐树间者，主诸风及恶疮风瘙疥痒（藏器）。
【发明】宗 曰∶半天河水，在上天泽之水也，故治心病鬼疰狂邪恶毒。
【附方】旧一，新一。辟禳时疫∶半天河水，饮之。（《医林集要》）身体白驳∶取树木
孔中水洗之，捣桂末唾和敷之，日再上。（张文仲《备急方》）
（《拾遗》）
【气味】辛、苦，有毒。李廷飞曰∶水滴脯肉，食之，成症瘕，生恶疮。又檐下雨滴菜，
亦有毒，不可食之。
【主治】洗犬咬疮，更以水浇屋檐，取滴下土敷之，效（藏器）。涂疣目，敷丹毒（时
珍）。
地水类三十种
（《拾遗》）
【集解】时珍曰∶流水者，大而江河，小而溪涧，皆流水也。其外动而性静，其质柔而
气刚，与湖泽陂塘之止水不同。然江河之水浊，而溪涧之水清，复有不同焉。观浊水流水之
鱼，与清水止水之鱼，性色迥别；淬剑染帛，各色不同；煮粥烹茶，味亦有异。则其入药，
岂可无辨乎。
千里水 东流水 甘澜水（一名劳水）【气味】甘，平，无毒。【主治】病后虚弱，扬之
万遍，煮药禁神最验（藏器）。主五劳七伤，肾虚脾弱，阳盛阴虚，目不能瞑，及霍乱吐利，
伤寒后欲作奔豚（时珍）。
逆流水【主治】中风、卒厥、头风、疟疾、咽喉诸病，宣吐痰饮（时珍）。
【发明】藏器曰∶千里水、东流水二水，皆堪荡涤邪秽，煎煮汤药，噤咒神鬼。潢污行
潦，尚可荐之王公，况其灵长者哉。《本经》云，东流水为云母石所畏。炼云母用之，与诸
水不同，即其效也。
思邈曰∶江水，流泉远涉，顺势归海，不逆上流，用以治头，必归于下。故治五劳七伤
羸弱之病，煎药宜以陈芦、劳水，取其水不强、火不盛也。无江水，则以千里东流水代之，
如泾、渭之类。
时珍曰∶劳水即扬泛水，张仲景谓之甘澜水。用流水二斗，置大盆中，以杓高扬之千遍，
有沸珠相逐，乃取煎药。盖水性本咸而体重，劳之则甘而轻，取其不助肾气而益脾胃也。虞
抟《医学正传》云∶甘澜水甘温而性柔，故烹伤寒阴证等药用之。顺流水性顺而下流，故治
下焦腰膝之证，及通利大小便之药用之。急流水湍上峻急之水，其性急速而下达，故通二便
风痹之药用之。逆流水，洄澜之水，其性逆而倒上，故发吐痰饮之药用之也。
宗 曰∶东流水取其性顺疾速，通膈下关也。倒流水取其回旋流止，上而不下也。
张从正曰∶昔有患小便 者，众工不能治，令取长川急流之水煎前药，一饮立溲，则水
可不择乎。
【附方】新三。目不得瞑∶乃阳气盛不得入于阴，阴气虚，故目不得瞑。治法饮以半夏
汤，用流水千里外者八升，扬之万遍，取其清五升煮之，炊苇薪火，置秫米一升，半夏五合，
徐炊令竭为一升半，去滓饮汁一小杯，日三饮，以知为度。详半夏下。（《灵枢经》）汗后奔
豚∶茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤，治发汗后脐下悸，欲作奔豚者。茯苓一两，炙甘草二钱半，桂枝
三钱，大枣二枚。以甘澜水二升，先煮茯苓，纳诸药煮服之，日三。（张仲景《金匮要略》）
服药过剂烦闷∶东流水饮一、二升。（《肘后方》）
（《名医别录》列为下品）
【释名】上池水。陶弘景说：这是竹篱头的水，以及空心树穴中的水。李时珍说：《战国策》记载：长桑君给扁鹊喝上池之水，能洞见脏腑。注解说：上池水，就是半天河。然而另有取法。
【气味】味甘，性微寒，无毒。
【主治】鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性疾病，多由精神因素或传染病引起），狂证，邪气。恶毒（出自《名医别录》）。清洗各种疮疡（陶弘景）。主治蛊毒（出自《日华子本草》）。杀灭鬼精，治疗恍惚妄语，让患者饮用，不要让他知道（甄权）。槐树间的水，主治各种风病及恶疮、风瘙疥痒（陈藏器）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：半天河水，是上天降下的雨水，所以能治疗心病、鬼疰、狂证、邪恶毒气。
【附方】旧方一个，新方一个。辟禳时疫：饮用半天河水。（《医林集要》）身体出现白驳（白癜风）：取树木孔中的水清洗患处，捣碎桂末用唾液调和敷贴，每日两次。（张文仲《备急方》）
（《新修本草·拾遗》）
【气味】味辛、苦，有毒。李廷飞说：水滴在脯肉上，人吃了之后，会形成症瘕（腹内结块），生恶疮。屋檐下雨滴落在菜上，也有毒，不可食用。
【主治】清洗狗咬伤，再用水浇淋屋檐，取滴下的泥土敷贴，有效（陈藏器）。涂抹疣目（寻常疣），敷治丹毒（李时珍）。
地水类三十种
（《新修本草·拾遗》）
【集解】李时珍说：流水，大的如江河，小的如溪涧，都是流水。它们外表流动而本性静，质地柔和而气刚劲，与湖泽陂塘的止水不同。然而江河之水浑浊，溪涧之水清澈，又有不同之处。看浊水中流动的鱼类，与清水中静止的鱼类，性情和颜色截然不同；淬火剑刃、染帛，颜色各不相同；煮粥烹茶，味道也有差异。那么这些水入药使用，怎么能没有区别呢？
千里水、东流水、甘澜水（又名劳水）【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。【主治】病后虚弱，将水扬万遍，煮药禁咒鬼神最灵验（陈藏器）。主治五劳七伤，肾虚脾弱，阳盛阴虚，眼睛无法闭合入睡，以及霍乱吐泻，伤寒后欲发奔豚（李时珍）。
逆流水【主治】中风、卒厥、头风、疟疾、咽喉各类疾病，宣通吐痰饮（李时珍）。
【发明】陈藏器说：千里水、东流水这两种水，都能荡涤邪秽，煎煮汤药，用于噤咒神鬼。潢污（积水）、行潦（雨水），还可以进献王公，何况其灵性长久者呢？《本经》说，东流水为云母石所畏。炼制云母时使用它，与其他水不同，这就是它的功效。
孙思邈说：江水，流泉远涉，顺势归海，不逆流而上，用来治疗头部疾病，必然引气下行。所以治疗五劳七伤羸弱的病，煎药宜用陈芦、劳水，取其水性不强、火势不盛。如果没有江水，就用千里东流水代替，如泾水、渭水之类。
李时珍说：劳水即扬泛水，张仲景称为甘澜水。用流水二斗，放在大盆中，用勺高高扬起一千遍，有沸腾的珠粒相互追逐，才取来煎药。大概水性本咸且体重，经过劳作则变甘而轻，取其不助肾气而益脾胃。虞抟《医学正传》说：甘澜水甘温而性柔，所以烹制治疗伤寒阴证等药物时使用。顺流水性顺而下流，所以治疗下焦腰膝之证，以及通利大小便的药物时使用。急流水湍急峻急之水，其性急速而下达，所以治疗通二便、风痹的药物时使用。逆流水，洄澜之水，其性逆而倒上，所以发吐痰饮的药物时使用。
寇宗奭说：东流水取其性顺疾速，通膈下关。倒流水取其回旋流止，向上而不向下。
张从正说：昔日有人患小便不通，众医生不能治愈，让人取长河急流之水煎前药，一饮立即排尿，那么水可以不选择吗？
【附方】新方三个。目不得瞑（失眠）：乃阳气盛不得入于阴，阴气虚，所以眼睛无法闭合入睡。治法饮用半夏汤，用千里外的流水八升，扬之万遍，取其清液五升煮之，用芦苇烧火，放入秫米一升，半夏五合，慢慢煮至剩一升半，去渣，饮汁一小杯，每日三次饮，以见效为度。详见半夏条下。（《灵枢经》）汗后奔豚：茯苓桂枝甘草大枣汤，治疗发汗后脐下悸动，欲作奔豚者。茯苓一两，炙甘草二钱半，桂枝三钱，大枣二枚。用甘澜水二升，先煮茯苓，纳入诸药煮服，每日三次。（张仲景《金匮要略》）服药过剂烦闷：饮用东流水一、二升。（《肘后备急方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Shangchi Water (Upper Pool Water). Hongjing stated: This is water from the top of bamboo fences and water from hollow tree cavities. Shizhen stated: According to *Zhan Guo Ce* (*Strategies of the Warring States*), Changsang Jun gave Bian Que Shangchi Water, which enabled him to see through the Zang-Fu organs (internal organs). The annotation states: Shangchi Water is Ban Tian He (Half-Day River) Water. However, there is a specific method for obtaining it.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Gui Zhu (Ghost Consumption, a chronic wasting disease often attributed to spiritual or infectious causes), Kuang (Mania), Xie Qi (Evil Qi). E Du (Malignant toxins) (*Bie Lu*). Wash various sores (Hongjing). Treat Gu Du (Gu Poison) (*Ri Hua*). Kill ghost essences, treat恍惚 (trance-like state) and delirious speech; administer orally without letting the patient know (Zhen Quan). Water found under locust trees treats various wind diseases and malignant sores, wind-induced itching, and scabies (Cangqi).
[Elucidation] Zong stated: Ban Tian He Water is rainwater from heaven; therefore, it treats Heart diseases, Ghost Consumption, Mania, and evil toxic qi.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, one new prescription. Ward off seasonal epidemics: Drink Ban Tian He Water (*Yi Lin Ji Yao*). Body white patches (Vitiligo): Take water from tree holes to wash the affected area, crush Cinnamon Twig powder, mix with saliva, and apply externally, twice daily (Zhang Wenzhong *Bei Ji Fang*).
(*Shi Yi* / *Newly Added Materia Medica*)
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, bitter, toxic. Litingfei stated: If water drips on dried meat and is consumed, it forms Zheng Jia (abdominal masses) and generates malignant sores. Rainwater dripping from eaves onto vegetables is also toxic and should not be eaten.
[Indications] Wash dog bite wounds; additionally, pour water down the eaves, collect the soil washed by the dripping water, and apply it externally; this is effective (Cangqi). Apply to verrucae (warts); apply to erysipelas (Shizhen).
Category 30: Earth Waters
(*Shi Yi* / *Newly Added Materia Medica*)
[Collected Explanations] Shizhen stated: Running water includes large rivers and streams, and small creeks; all are running waters. Their external nature is moving while their intrinsic nature is still; their texture is soft but their Qi is firm, differing from the stagnant water of lakes, marshes, and ponds. However, river water is turbid while creek water is clear, presenting further differences. Observing fish in turbid running water versus fish in clear stagnant water reveals distinct differences in temperament and color; quenching swords and dyeing silk yield different colors; cooking porridge and brewing tea result in different tastes. Thus, when used in medicine, how can distinctions not be made?
Qian Li Shui (Thousand-Li Water), Dong Liu Shui (East-Flowing Water), Gan Lan Shui (Sweet Ripple Water, also known as Lao Shui) [Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. [Indications] Weakness after illness; stirring the water ten thousand times before decocting herbs for exorcism is most effective (Cangqi). Treat Wu Lao Qi Shang (Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries), Kidney deficiency and Spleen weakness, Yang excess and Yin deficiency, inability to close eyes for sleep, as well as Huoluan (cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea), and Ben Tun (Running Piglet syndrome) following Shang Han (Cold Damage) (Shizhen).
Ni Liu Shui (Counter-Current/Upstream Flowing Water) [Indications] Feng Zhong (Wind Stroke), Cu Jue (Sudden Syncope), Tou Feng (Head Wind/Migraine), Nue Ji (Malaria), various throat diseases; promotes expectoration of phlegm-fluids (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Cangqi stated: Qian Li Shui and Dong Liu Shui can both cleanse evil filth, decoct herbal soups, and are used in incantations against spirits. Stagnant puddles and runoff rainwater can even be offered to nobles, let alone those with enduring spiritual potency. *Ben Jing* states that Dong Liu Shui is feared by Yun Mu Shi (Cloud Mother Stone). It is used in refining Cloud Mother, differing from other waters, demonstrating its efficacy.
Simiao stated: River water flows far and wide, follows the trend to the sea, and does not flow upstream. Used to treat head conditions, it necessarily directs Qi downward. Therefore, for treating weakness due to Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries, decocting herbs with Chen Lu (aged reeds) and Lao Shui is preferred, taking advantage of the water's mild nature and weak fire. If river water is unavailable, use Qian Li Dong Liu Shui instead, such as Jing Shui or Wei Shui.
Shizhen stated: Lao Shui is Yang Fan Shui; Zhang Zhongjing called it Gan Lan Shui. Take two dou of running water, place it in a large basin, and stir vigorously with a ladle a thousand times until bubbling pearls chase each other, then take it for decoction. Generally, water nature is salty and heavy; after labor/stirring, it becomes sweet and light, taken to avoid aiding Kidney Qi and instead benefit the Spleen and Stomach. Yu Tuan's *Yi Xue Zheng Chuan* states: Gan Lan Shui is sweet, warm, and soft in nature, thus used in decocting herbs for Shang Han Yin Zheng (Cold Syndrome). Shun Liu Shui (Smooth-flowing Water) flows smoothly downward, thus used for lower Jiao waist and knee conditions, and herbs promoting urination and defecation. Ji Liu Shui (Rapid-flowing Water) is turbulent and swift; its nature is rapid and descending, thus used for herbs promoting urination/defecation and treating wind-bi (painful obstruction). Ni Liu Shui (Counter-flowing Water) is swirling and eddying; its nature is counter-current and ascending, thus used for herbs inducing vomiting of phlegm-fluids.
Zong stated: Dong Liu Shui is chosen for its smooth, fast nature to unblock the diaphragm and pass through gates. Dao Liu Shui (Reverse-flowing Water) is chosen for its swirling, stopping nature, moving upward rather than downward.
Zhang Congzheng stated: Once, a patient suffered from urinary retention that many physicians could not cure. I instructed them to take rapid flowing water from a long river to decoct the previous prescription. After one drink, urination occurred immediately. Thus, must water be selectively chosen?
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions. Mu Bu De Ming (Insomnia/Eyes unable to close): Caused by excessive Yang Qi unable to enter Yin, and deficient Yin Qi, leading to insomnia. Treatment: Drink Ban Xia Tang (Pinellia Decoction). Use eight sheng of running water from a thousand li away, stir ten thousand times, take five sheng of the clear liquid to boil. Use reed fire, add one sheng of Shu Mi (Millet) and five he of Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber). Slowly boil until reduced to one and a half sheng, strain, and drink a small cup of the juice, three times daily, until effective. See details under Ban Xia entry (*Ling Shu Jing*). Ben Tun after Sweating: Fu Ling Gui Zhi Gan Cao Da Zao Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, and Jujube Decoction) treats palpitations below the umbilicus after sweating, indicating impending Ben Tun. Fu Ling (Poria) 1 liang, Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 2 qian 5 fen, Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) 3 qian, Da Zao (Jujube) 2 pieces. Use two sheng of Gan Lan Shui, first decoct Fu Ling, then add other herbs and decoct; take orally, three times daily (Zhang Zhongjing *Jin Gui Yao Lue*). Restlessness and stuffiness from overdose of medication: Drink one or two sheng of Dong Liu Shui (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).