（《拾遗》）
【释名】凌（去声）。时珍曰∶冰者，太阴之精，水极似土，变柔为刚，所谓物极反兼
化
也。故字从水，从 。《周礼》∶凌人掌冰，以供祭祀宾客。《左传》∶古者日在北陆而藏冰，
西陆朝觌而出之。其藏之也，深山穹谷，涸阴冱寒；其用之也，录位宾客丧祭。
郎 曰∶藏冰以时，则雷出不震；弃冰不用，则雷不发而震。今人冬月藏冰于窖，登之
以盐，是也。《淮南万毕术》，有凝水石作冰法，非真也。
【气味】甘，冷，无毒。
【主治】去热烦，熨人乳石发热肿（藏器）。解烦渴，消暑毒（吴瑞）。伤寒阳毒，热盛
昏迷者，以冰一块置于膻中良，亦解烧酒毒（时珍）。
【发明】藏器曰∶夏暑盛热食冰，应与气候相反，便非宜人，诚恐入腹冷热相激，却致
诸疾也。《食谱》云∶凡夏用水，只可隐映饮食，令气凉尔，不可食之。虽当时暂快，久皆
成疾也。时珍曰∶宋徽宗食冰太过，病脾疾。国医不效，召杨介诊之。介用大理中丸。土曰∶
服之屡矣。介曰∶疾因食冰，臣因以冰煎此药，是治受病之原也。服之果愈。若此，可谓舌
机之士矣。
【附方】新一。灭瘢痕∶以冻凌频熨之，良。（《千金方》）
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶《金门记》云∶五月五日午时有雨，急伐竹竿，中必有神水，沥取为
药。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】心腹积聚及虫病，和獭肝为丸服。又饮之，清热化痰，定惊安神（时珍）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】凌（去声）。李时珍说：冰，是太阴之精，水到了极点就像土一样，由柔变刚，这就是所谓事物发展到极端就会向相反方向转化的道理。所以“冰”字从水，从仌（古同“冰”字）。《周礼》记载：凌人掌管采冰，用来供给祭祀和招待宾客之用。《左传》记载：古代在太阳运行到北陆星宿时收藏冰，在西陆星宿出现时取出使用。收藏冰的时候，是在深山大谷中，那里阴暗寒冷；使用冰的时候，是用来接待宾客、丧葬和祭祀。郎顗说：收藏冰合乎时节，那么雷声出来就不会造成震灾；丢弃冰不用，那么雷声不发出却会震动。现在人们冬天把冰藏在窖里，上面覆盖盐，就是这个道理。《淮南万毕术》中有用凝水石制作冰的方法，那不是真的冰。
【气味】味甘，性冷，无毒。
【主治】去除热烦，熨敷治疗人乳石发热肿痛（陈藏器语）。解除烦渴，消暑毒（吴瑞语）。伤寒阳毒，热势旺盛导致昏迷的，将一块冰放在膻中穴处效果很好，也能解烧酒毒（李时珍语）。
【发明】陈藏器说：夏天暑气盛大炎热时吃冰，应该与气候相反，这就不适宜人体健康，实在担心进入腹中后冷热相互激荡，反而导致各种疾病。《食谱》说：凡是夏天用水，只可以用来冷却饮食，让食物凉快而已，不可以直接食用。虽然当时暂时痛快，但长久下来都会成为疾病。李时珍说：宋徽宗吃冰太多，得了脾病。御医治疗无效，召杨介来诊治。杨介用了大理中丸。皇帝说：我已经服用很多次了。杨介说：疾病是因为吃冰引起的，臣因此用冰来煎煮这个药，这是治疗致病根源的方法。服药后果然痊愈。像这样，可以称得上是舌灿莲花的高明医生了。
【附方】新收一方。消除瘢痕：用冻凌频繁熨烫患处，效果良好。（出自《千金方》）
（出自《本草纲目》正文）
【集解】李时珍说：《金门记》记载：五月五日午时有雨，急忙砍伐竹竿，其中一定有神水，沥取作为药物使用。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
【主治】心腹积聚以及虫病，与獭肝混合制成丸剂服用。另外饮用神水，可以清热化痰，定惊安神（李时珍语）。
(From *Bencao Shayi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**Names:** Ling (Líng, falling tone). Li Shizhen said: Ice is the essence of Taiyin (Great Yin). When water reaches its extreme, it resembles earth; it transforms from soft to hard. This is what is meant by "when things reach an extreme, they transform into their opposite." Therefore, the character for ice consists of the radical for water and the component representing ice (仌). The *Rites of Zhou* records: The Lingren (Ice Keeper) was in charge of collecting ice to supply sacrifices and guests. The *Zuo Zhuan* records: In ancient times, ice was stored when the sun entered the Northern Land constellation and taken out when it appeared in the Western Land constellation. When storing it, deep mountains and valleys were used because they were dark and freezing cold; when using it, it was for receiving guests, funerals, and sacrifices. Lang Yi said: If ice is stored according to the proper season, thunder will occur without causing damage; if ice is discarded and not used, thunder will rumble without being heard. Nowadays, people store ice in cellars during winter and cover it with salt, which is correct. The *Huainan Wanbi Shu* mentions a method of making ice using "water-condensing stone," but this is not real ice.
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Removes heat and irritability; applies externally to treat breast inflammation and swelling caused by Shi Yao (Stone Medicine) toxicity (Chen Cangqi). Relieves thirst and vexation, clears summer-heat toxins (Wang Rui). For Yang-Toxin Shanghan (Cold Damage), where heat is excessive and causes coma, placing a piece of ice on the Danzhong (CV17) acupoint is effective; it also detoxifies alcohol poisoning (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation:** Chen Cangqi said: Eating ice during the peak of summer heat contradicts the climate and is not beneficial to the body. One must fear that the clash between cold and hot inside the abdomen will induce various diseases. The *Shipu* states: Water used in summer should only be used to cool food and drinks, not consumed directly. Although it may feel refreshing temporarily, long-term consumption leads to illness. Li Shizhen said: Emperor Huizong of Song ate too much ice and suffered from spleen disease. Imperial physicians were ineffective, so Yang Jie was summoned. Yang Jie prescribed Dali Zhong Wan (Great Earth Middle Pill). The Emperor said, "I have taken it many times." Yang Jie replied, "The disease originated from eating ice; therefore, I decocted this medicine using ice, targeting the root cause of the illness." The patient recovered after taking it. Such a physician can be described as eloquent and skilled.
**Attached Prescriptions:** New prescription 1. Eliminate scars: Frequently apply frozen ice to the affected area for good results. (*Qianjin Fang*)
(From the main text of *Bencao Gangmu*)
**Collected Explanations:** Li Shizhen said: The *Jinmen Ji* records: On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month at noon, if there is rain, one should hastily chop bamboo poles; inside, there will certainly be "Divine Water," which can be collected and used as medicine.
**Flavor and Nature:** Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Treats accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, as well as parasitic worms; combined with otter liver and formed into pills for oral administration. Drinking it also clears heat, resolves phlegm, calms fright, and soothes the spirit (Li Shizhen).