（《本经》上品）
【释名】石脑（《本经》）、禹哀（《吴普》）。
藏器曰∶太一者，道之宗源。太者大也，一者道也。大道之师，即理化神君，禹之师也。
师尝服之，故有太一之名。张司空云∶还魂石中黄子，鬼物禽兽守之，不可妄得。会稽
有地名蓼，出余粮。土人掘之，以物请买，所请有数，依数必得。此犹有神，岂非太一乎？
【集解】《别录》曰∶太一余粮生泰山山谷，九月采。
普曰∶生泰山。上有甲，甲中有白，白中有黄，如鸡子黄色。采无时。
弘景曰∶本草有太一余粮、禹余粮两种，治体相同。而今世惟有禹余粮，不复识太一。
《登真隐诀》∶长生四镇丸云∶太一禹余粮，定六腑，镇五脏。合其二名，莫辨何者的是？
今
人亦总呼为太一禹余粮。有人于铜官采空青于石坎，大得黄赤色石，极似今之余粮，而色过
赤好，疑此是太一也。彼人呼为雌黄，涂物正如雄色。
恭曰∶太一余粮及禹余粮，乃一物而以精粗为名尔。其壳若瓷，方圆不定。初在壳中未
凝结，犹是黄水，名石中黄子。久凝乃有数色，或青或白，或赤或黄。年多变赤，因赤渐紫。
紫及赤者，俱名太一。其诸色通谓禹余粮。今泰山不见采得，而会稽、王屋、泽、潞州诸山
皆有。陶云黄赤色，疑是太一。然无壳裹，殊非的称。
曰∶凡使，勿误用石中黄并卵石黄，二石真相似。其石中黄向里赤黑黄，味淡微 。
卵石黄味酸，个个如卵，内有子一块，不堪用。若误饵之，令人肠干。太一余粮看即如石，
轻敲便碎如粉，兼重重如叶子雌黄也。
宗 曰∶太一余粮，是用其壳也，故入药须火烧醋淬。石中黄是壳中干者及细末者。石
中黄水，是未成余粮黄浊水也。
时珍曰∶按《别录》言∶禹余粮生东海池泽及山岛，太一余粮生泰山山谷，石中黄出余
粮处有之，乃壳中未成余粮黄浊水也。据此则三者一物也。生于池泽者，为禹余粮；生于山
谷者，为太一余粮；其中水黄浊者，为石中黄水；其凝结如粉者，为余粮；凝干如石者，为
石中黄。其说本明，而注者臆度，反致义晦。晋宋以来，不分山谷、池泽所产，故通呼为太
一禹余粮。而苏恭复以紫赤色者为太一，诸色为禹余粮。皆由未加详究本文也。寇宗 及医
方乃用石壳为禹余粮，殊不察未成余粮黄浊水之文也。其壳粗顽不入药。《庚辛玉册》云∶
太一禹余粮，阴石也，所在有之。片片层叠，深紫色。中有黄土，名曰石黄。其性最热，冬
月有余粮处，其雪先消。《云林石谱》云∶鼎州祈阁山出石，石中有黄土，目之为太一余粮。
色紫黑， 块大小圆扁，外多粘缀碎石，涤去黄土，即空虚可贮水为砚。《丹房镜源》云∶
五色余粮及石中黄，皆可干汞，出金色。
【修治】 曰∶凡修事，用黑豆五合，黄精五合，水二斗，煮取五升，置瓷锅中，下余
粮四两煮之，旋添，汁尽为度，其药气自然香如新米，捣了，又研一万杵，方用。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。普曰∶神农、岐伯、雷公∶甘，平；李当之∶小寒；扁鹊∶甘，
无毒。
之才曰∶杜仲为之使。畏贝母、菖蒲、铁落。
【主治】咳逆上气，症瘕血闭漏下，除邪气，肢节不利。久服耐寒暑不饥，轻身飞行千
里，神仙（《本经》）。治大饱绝力身重（《别录》）。
益脾，安脏气（雷 ）。定六腑，镇五脏（弘景）。
【发明】时珍曰∶禹余粮、太一余粮、石中黄水，性味功用皆同，但入药有精粗之等尔。
故服食家以黄水为上，太一次之，禹余粮又次之。《列仙传》言∶巴戎赤斧上华山，饵禹余
粮，即此。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】石脑（出自《神农本草经》）、禹哀（出自《吴普本草》）。
藏器说：所谓“太一”，是道的宗源。“太”就是大，“一”就是道。大道的老师，即是理化神君，也是夏禹的老师。
夏禹的老师曾经服用过它，所以有了“太一”这个名字。张司空说：这是还魂石中的黄子，有鬼物、禽兽守护着它，不能随意得到。会稽有个地方叫蓼，出产余粮。当地百姓挖掘出来时，有人用物品请求购买，所要求的数量是有定数的，按照这个数量一定能买到。这似乎还有神灵在起作用，难道不就是“太一”吗？
【集解】《名医别录》说：太一余粮生长在泰山的山谷中，九月采集。
吴普说：生长在泰山。上面有甲壳，甲壳中有白色物质，白色物质中有黄色物质，像鸡蛋黄的颜色。采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：本草书中记载有太一余粮和禹余粮两种，治疗功效和质地相同。但当今世上只有禹余粮，人们不再认识什么是太一了。
《登真隐诀》中记载的长生四镇丸方云：太一禹余粮，能安定六腑，镇守五脏。合并这两个名字，无法分辨哪一个才是确切的名称？
现在的人也都统称它为太一禹余粮。有人在铜官开采空青石的石坑里，发现了很多黄赤色的石头，极像现在的余粮，但颜色比余粮更红更好，怀疑这就是太一余粮。当地人把它称为雌黄，涂抹物体上就像雄黄的颜色一样。
苏恭说：太一余粮和禹余粮，其实是同一种东西，只是以精纯和粗糙来命名罢了。它的外壳像瓷器，形状方圆不定。最初在壳中尚未凝结时，还是黄色的水，名叫石中黄子。时间久了凝结后才有多种颜色，有的青色，有的白色，有的红色，有的黄色。年代久了会变红，进而逐渐变成紫色。紫色的和红色的，都叫太一。其他颜色的通称为禹余粮。如今泰山已经见不到采集到的了，而会稽、王屋山、泽州、潞州等地的山中都有。陶弘景说是黄赤色，怀疑那是太一余粮。然而那种石头没有外壳包裹，确实不像确切的太一余粮。
寇宗奭说：凡是使用这种药，不要误用石中黄和卵石黄，这两种石头真的很相似。其中的石中黄向内呈赤黑黄色，味道淡且微涩。卵石黄味道酸，个个像蛋一样，里面有一块籽，不堪入药。如果误服，会让人肠干。太一余粮看起来像石头，轻轻敲击就会碎成粉末，而且层层叠叠像叶子一样的雌黄。
寇宗奭说：太一余粮，是用它的外壳，所以入药需要火烧后用醋淬炼。石中黄是壳中干燥的部分及细末部分。石中黄水，是未形成余粮时的黄浊水。
李时珍说：查阅《名医别录》记载：禹余粮生长在东海的池泽及山岛上，太一余粮生长在泰山的山谷中，石中黄出产于有余粮的地方，是壳中未形成余粮的黄浊水。根据这些记载，这三者其实是同一种东西。生长在池泽中的，称为禹余粮；生长在山谷中的，称为太一余粮；其中水是黄浊状的，称为石中黄水；凝结如粉状的，称为余粮；凝结干燥如石头的，称为石中黄。这种说法本来很明确，但注解说的人主观臆测，反而导致含义晦涩。从晋朝宋朝以来，不分山谷和池泽所产的区别，所以通称为太一禹余粮。而苏恭又把紫赤色的称为太一，其他颜色的称为禹余粮。这都是因为没有详细研究原文所致。寇宗奭及医方乃是用石壳作为禹余粮，完全没有考察未形成余粮的黄浊水这一记载。它的外壳粗糙坚硬，不入药。《庚辛玉册》说：太一禹余粮，属于阴石，各地都有。片片层叠，深紫色。中间有黄土，名叫石黄。它的性质最热，冬天有余粮的地方，那里的雪最先融化。《云林石谱》说：鼎州祈阁山出产一种石头，石中有黄土，称之为太一余粮。颜色紫黑，块头大小圆扁，外面多粘附着碎石，洗去黄土后，内部空虚可以盛水用来做砚台。《丹房镜源》说：五色余粮及石中黄，都可以使汞干燥，析出金色。
【修治】寇宗奭说：凡是修整处理，用黑豆五合，黄精五合，水二斗，煮取五升，放入瓷锅中，加入余粮四两一起煮，随时添加汤汁，直到汁液耗尽为止，这样药物的气味自然香得像新米一样，捣碎后，再研磨一万杵，才可使用。
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。吴普说：神农、岐伯、雷公认为：甘味，平性；李当之认为：小寒性；扁鹊认为：甘味，无毒。
徐之才说：杜仲是它的引经药（使药）。畏贝母、菖蒲、铁落。
【主治】咳嗽气逆，症瘕（腹内结块），血闭，漏下（非经期阴道出血），祛除邪气，肢体关节不利。长期服用能耐寒暑，不感到饥饿，身体轻便，能飞行千里，成仙（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗饱食过度导致的极度乏力、身体沉重（出自《名医别录》）。
补益脾胃，安定脏腑之气（雷敩）。安定六腑，镇守五脏（陶弘景）。
【发明】李时珍说：禹余粮、太一余粮、石中黄水，它们的性味和功能作用都相同，只是入药时有精纯和粗糙的区别而已。所以服食养生家认为黄水最好，太一余粮次之，禹余粮又次之。《列仙传》中说：巴戎人赤斧登上华山，服用禹余粮，指的就是这种东西。
(Shangpin, High Grade, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Shinao (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Yu'ai (from *Wu Pu Bencao*).
Zang Qi stated: "Taiyi" refers to the origin of the Dao. "Tai" means great, and "Yi" means the Dao. The teacher of the Great Dao is the Divine Lord of Transformation and Rationalization, who was also the teacher of Yu (the Great).
Yu's teacher once consumed it, hence the name "Taiyi". Zhang Sikong said: This is the Huangzi (Yellow Child) within the Huanhunshi (Soul-Returning Stone), guarded by spirits, birds, and beasts, and cannot be obtained casually. In Kuaiji, there is a place named Liao, where Yuliang is produced. When local people dig it up, others request to buy it with goods; the requested quantity is fixed, and one will surely obtain that amount. This seems to involve divine intervention, is it not Taiyi?
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Taiyi Yuliang grows in the valleys of Mount Tai, collected in the ninth month.
Pu stated: It grows on Mount Tai. There are shells on it; inside the shells is white substance, and inside the white substance is yellow substance, resembling the color of an egg yolk. Collection time is not fixed.
Hongjing stated: The herbal texts record two types: Taiyi Yuliang and Yuyu Liang, which have identical therapeutic properties and physical forms. However, in the current world, only Yuyu Liang exists, and people no longer recognize what Taiyi is.
*Dengzhen Yinjue*: The prescription for Changsheng Sizhuan Wan states: Taiyi Yuyu Liang stabilizes the Six Fu-organs and anchors the Five Zang-organs. Combining these two names makes it difficult to distinguish which is the precise entity?
People today generally refer to it collectively as Taiyi Yuyu Liang. Someone mining Kongqing stone in a rock pit at Tongguan found many yellow-red stones, extremely similar to the current Yuliang, but with a redder and better color, suspecting this to be Taiyi. Locals call it Cihuang (Parasulphur), which when applied to objects resembles the color of Xionghuang (Realgar).
Gong stated: Taiyi Yuliang and Yuyu Liang are actually the same substance, named differently based on purity and coarseness. Its shell resembles porcelain, with indeterminate square or round shapes. Initially, before condensing within the shell, it is still yellow water, named Shizhong Huangzi (Yellow Child in Stone). After long-term condensation, it develops various colors: green, white, red, or yellow. Over years, it turns red, gradually becoming purple. Those that are purple and red are both called Taiyi. All other colors are collectively termed Yuyu Liang. Currently, Taiyi Yuliang is no longer collected from Mount Tai, but is found in mountains such as Kuaiji, Wangwu, Ze, and Luzhou. Hongjing mentioned yellow-red color, suspecting it to be Taiyi. However, lacking a shell, it does not precisely match the description.
Zong stated: When using this herb, do not mistake it for Shizhong Huang or Luanshi Huang, as these two stones are very similar. Shizhong Huang is reddish-black and yellow inside, with a bland and slightly astringent taste. Luanshi Huang has a sour taste, each piece resembling an egg, containing a seed-like core inside, and is unsuitable for medicinal use. If mistakenly ingested, it causes dry intestines. Taiyi Yuliang looks like stone but crumbles into powder upon light tapping, appearing layered like leaves of Cihuang.
Zong stated: Taiyi Yuliang utilizes its shell, so for medicinal use, it must be calcined by fire and quenched in vinegar. Shizhong Huang refers to the dried parts and fine powders within the shell. Shizhong Huangshui refers to the turbid yellow water before it forms Yuliang.
Shizhen stated: According to *Bielu*, Yuyu Liang grows in the pools, marshes, and islands of the East Sea, while Taiyi Yuliang grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Shizhong Huang is found where Yuliang grows, being the turbid yellow water within the shell that has not yet formed Yuliang. Based on this, the three are essentially one substance. Those growing in pools and marshes are called Yuyu Liang; those growing in valleys are called Taiyi Yuliang; the turbid yellow water is called Shizhong Huangshui; the condensed powder-like form is Yuliang; and the condensed, dry, stone-like form is Shizhong Huang. This explanation is originally clear, but commentators' speculation has obscured its meaning. Since the Jin and Song dynasties, the distinction between valley and pool/marsh origins was ignored, leading to the general term Taiyi Yuyu Liang. Gong further classified purple-red ones as Taiyi and other colors as Yuyu Liang. This resulted from a failure to carefully examine the original text. Zong and medical prescriptions used the stone shell as Yuyu Liang, failing to observe the text regarding the turbid yellow water before formation. The shell is coarse and hard, and not used medicinally. *Gengxin Yuce* states: Taiyi Yuyu Liang is a Yin stone, found everywhere. It is layered, deep purple, with yellow earth inside called Shi Huang. Its nature is extremely hot; in winter, snow melts first where Yuliang is present. *Yunlin Shipu* states: Qige Mountain in Dingzhou produces stone containing yellow earth, called Taiyi Yuliang. It is purple-black, blocky, round or flat, often adhering to crushed stones externally. After washing away the yellow earth, the interior is hollow and can hold water for use as an inkstone. *Danfang Jingyuan* states: Wuse Yuliang and Shizhong Huang can all dry mercury, yielding golden color.
[Processing] Zong stated: For processing, use 5 he of Black Bean (Douchi), 5 he of Polygonatum Rhizome (Huangjing), and 2 dou of water. Boil until 5 sheng remains. Place in a porcelain pot, add 4 liang of Yuliang, and boil. Add liquid as needed until exhausted. The medicine will naturally smell fragrant like new rice. Pound it, then grind for ten thousand strokes before use.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic. Pu stated: Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong: Sweet, Neutral; Li Dangzhi: Slightly Cold; Bianque: Sweet, Non-toxic.
Zhi stated: Eucommia Bark (Duzhong) acts as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu), Acorus Rhizome (Changpu), and Iron Filings (Tieluo).
[Indications] Cough with rebellious Qi, Zhengjia (abdominal masses), blood obstruction, metrorrhagia, expelling pathogenic factors, and improving joint mobility. Long-term consumption enables resistance to cold and heat, eliminates hunger, lightens the body, allows flight for a thousand miles, and leads to immortality (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats extreme fatigue and heaviness after overeating (*Bielu*).
Benefits the Spleen, calms the Zang-organs (Leixiao). Stabilizes the Six Fu-organs, anchors the Five Zang-organs (Hongjing).
[Elucidation] Shizhen stated: Yuyu Liang, Taiyi Yuliang, and Shizhong Huangshui share identical nature, flavor, and functions, differing only in the refinement of their medicinal forms. Therefore, practitioners of longevity consider Huangshui superior, Taiyi secondary, and Yuyu Liang tertiary. *Lie Xian Zhuan* records: Ba Rong Chi Fu ascended Mount Hua and consumed Yuyu Liang, referring to this substance.