（《唐本草》）
【释名】宗 曰∶子当作水。既云黄浊水，焉得名子？
【集解】恭曰∶此禹余粮壳中，未成余粮黄浊水也。出余粮处有之。
颂曰∶今惟河中府中条山谷出之。其石形如面剂，紫黑色。石皮内黄色者，谓之中黄。
葛洪《抱朴子》云∶石中黄子所在有之，沁水山尤多。在大石中，其石常润湿不燥。打其石
有数十重，见之赤黄溶溶，如鸡子之在壳中也。即当未坚时饮之。不尔，便渐坚凝如石，不
中服也。
破一石中，多者有一升，少者数合，可顿服之。
机曰∶石中干者及细末者，当名余粮，不当名石中黄，详本文未成余粮四字可见。
时珍曰∶余粮乃石中已凝细粉也，石中黄则坚凝如石者也，石中黄水则未凝者也。故雷
云∶用余粮勿用石中黄，是矣。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】久服，轻身、延年、不老（《唐本》）。
（《本经》上品）
【释名】杨梅青。
时珍曰∶空言质，青言色，杨梅言似也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶空青生益州山谷，及越 山有铜处。铜精熏则生空青，其腹中空。
三月中采，亦无时。能化铜铁铅锡作金。
弘景曰∶越 属益州。益州诸郡无复有，恐久不采之故也。今出铜官者色最鲜深，出始
兴者弗如，凉州高平郡有空青山亦甚多。今空青但圆实如铁珠，无空腹者，皆凿土石中取之。
而以合丹成，则化铅为金，诸石药中，惟此最贵。医方乃稀用之，而多充画色，殊为可惜。
恭曰∶出铜处兼有诸青，但空青为难得。今出蔚州、兰州、宣州、梓州。宣州者最好，
块段细，时有腹中空者。蔚州、兰州者片块大，色极深，无空腹者。陶氏所谓圆实如铁珠者，
乃白青也。
大明曰∶空青大者如鸡子，小者如相思子，其青浓如荔枝壳，其内有浆酸甜。
藏器曰∶铜之精华，大者即空绿，次即空青也。
颂曰∶今饶、信州亦时有之，状若杨梅，故名杨梅青。其腹中空、破之有浆者，绝难得
。
宗 曰∶真宗尝诏取空青中有水者，久而方得。其杨梅青，信州穴山而取，极难得，治
翳极有功，中亦或有水者，用与空青同，第有优劣尔。
时珍曰∶张果《玉洞要诀》云∶空青似杨梅，受赤金之精，甲乙阴灵之气，近泉而生，
久而含润。新从坎中出，钻破中有水，久即干，如珠，金星灿灿。《庚辛玉册》云∶空青，
阴石也。产上饶，似钟乳者佳，大片含紫色，有光采。次出蜀严道及北代山，生金坎中，生
生不已，故青为之丹。有如拳大及卵形者，中空有水如油，治盲立效。出铜坑者亦佳，堪画。
又有杨梅青、石青，皆是一体，而气有精粗。点化以曾青为上，空青次之，杨梅青又次之。
《造化指南》云∶铜得紫阳之气而生绿，绿二百年而生石绿，铜始生其中焉。曾、空二青，
则石绿之得道者，均谓之矿。又二百年得青阳之气，化为 石。观此诸说，则空青有金坑、
铜坑二种，或大如拳卵，小如豆粒，或成片块，或若杨梅，虽有精粗之异，皆以有浆为上，
不空无浆者为下也。
方家以药涂铜物生青，刮下伪作空青者，终是铜青，非石绿之得道者也。
【气味】甘、酸，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶大寒。
权曰∶畏菟丝子。酒浸醋拌制过，乃可变化。
【主治】青盲耳聋，明目，利九窍，通血脉，养精神，益肝气。久服轻身延年（《本经》）。
疗目赤痛，去肤翳，止泪出，利水道，下乳汁，通关节，破坚积。令人不忘，志高神仙
（《别录》）。治头风，镇肝。瞳人破者，得再见物（甄权）。
钻孔取浆，点多年青盲内障翳膜，养精气。其壳摩翳（大明）。中风口 不正，以豆许
含
咽，甚效（时珍，出（《范汪方》）。
【发明】保升曰∶空青法木，故色青而主肝。
颂曰∶治眼翳障，为最要之药。
时珍曰∶东方甲乙，是生肝胆，其气之清者为肝血，其精英为胆汁。开窍于目，血，五
脏之英，皆因而注之，为神。胆汁充则目明，汁减则目昏。铜亦青阳之气所生，其气之清者
为绿，犹肝血也；其精英为空青之浆，犹胆汁也。其为治目神药，盖亦以类相感应耳。石中
空者，埋土中三、五日，自有浆水。
【附方】旧二，新三。
眼目 不明∶空青少许，渍露一宿，点之。（《千金方》）
黑翳覆瞳∶空青、矾石（烧）各一两，贝子四枚。研细，日点。（《圣济录》）
肤翳昏暗∶空青二钱，蕤仁（去皮）一两，片脑三钱。细研，日点。（《圣济录》）
一切目疾，雀目、赤目、青盲、内外障翳、风眼用此，觉目中凉冷为验。杨梅青（洗净）、
胡黄连（洗）各二钱半，槐芽（日未出时勿语采之，入青竹筒内，垂于天、月二德方，候干，
勿见鸡犬，为末）一钱半。共末，入龙脑一字密收。每卧时，漱口仰头，吹一字入两鼻内便
睡，隔夜便明。（《圣济录》）
中风口 ∶见主治。
（出自《唐本草》）
【释名】苏颂说：这里的“子”字应当作“水”字。既然称为“黄浊水”，怎么能叫作“子”呢？
【集解】苏恭说：这是禹余粮矿石壳中，尚未凝结成禹余粮的黄浊水。在出产禹余粮的地方就有。
苏颂说：现在只有河中府中条山谷出产这种药。它的石头形状像面剂（一种面食），呈紫黑色。石皮里面呈黄色的，叫做“中黄”。
葛洪在《抱朴子》中说：石中黄子在各地都有出产，沁水山尤其多。它存在于大石头中间，这些石头常常湿润而不干燥。敲击石头有几十层厚，能看到里面赤黄色、流动的样子，就像鸡蛋在蛋壳里一样。应当在它还没有变硬的时候饮用。如果不这样，它就会逐渐坚硬凝固如石头，就不能服用了。
打破一块石头，多的有一升，少的有几合，可以一次性服用。
赵旻说：已经干涸的石中黄以及磨成细粉的，应当命名为禹余粮，不应当命名为石中黄，从原文中“未成余粮”这四个字就可以看出来。
李时珍说：禹余粮是石中已经凝结成的细粉，石中黄则是坚硬凝固如石头的物质，石中黄水则是尚未凝结的液体。所以雷敩说：使用禹余粮不要使用石中黄，这是正确的。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】长期服用，能使人身体轻便、延年益寿、保持年轻（出自《唐本草》）。
（出自《神农本草经》，列为上品）
【释名】杨梅青。
李时珍说：“空”指其质地中空，“青”指其颜色，“杨梅”指其形状像杨梅。
【集解】《名医别录》说：空青生长在益州的山谷，以及越巂山有铜矿的地方。铜的精气熏蒸就会生成空青，它的腹部是空的。三月间采集，其他时候也可以。它能将铜、铁、铅、锡转化为金。
陶弘景说：越巂属于益州管辖。益州各郡现在已经没有空青了，恐怕是因为很久没有人开采的缘故。现在出产于铜官的空青色泽最鲜艳深邃，出产于始兴的不如它，凉州高平郡有空青山，出产也很多。现在的空青大多是圆实如铁珠，没有腹中空的，都是从土石中凿取出来的。用来合炼丹药，可以将铅化为金，在各种石类药材中，只有这个最贵重。医方中很少使用它，而大多用来充当绘画颜料，非常可惜。
苏恭说：出产铜矿的地方同时出产各种青石，但空青最为难得。现在出产于蔚州、兰州、宣州、梓州。宣州出产的最好，块段细小，有时腹中是空的。蔚州、兰州出产的片块较大，颜色极深，没有腹中空的。陶弘景所说的圆实如铁珠的，其实是白青。
孟诜说：空青大的像鸡蛋，小的像相思子，青色浓郁得像荔枝壳，里面有浆液，味道酸甜。
陈藏器说：铜的精华，大的就是空绿，次一等的就是空青。
苏颂说：现在饶州、信州也偶尔出产，形状像杨梅，所以名叫杨梅青。其中腹中空、破开有浆液的，极其难得。
苏颂说：真宗皇帝曾下诏索取含有水的空青，很久才得到。那种杨梅青，是在信州的穴山中开采的，极其难得，治疗眼翳非常有功效，其中也可能含有水，用法与空青相同，只是品质有优劣之分。
李时珍说：张果在《玉洞要诀》中说：空青形状像杨梅，吸收了黄金的精气以及甲乙日的阴灵之气，靠近泉水生长，久而久之含有润泽。刚从地下取出时，钻破后有水，时间久了就干了，像珠子一样，金星灿灿。《庚辛玉册》说：空青是阴石。产地上饶的，像钟乳石的最好，大片且含紫色，有光泽。其次出产于蜀地严道及北代山，生在金的坎位中，生生不息，所以青色变成了丹色。有的像拳头大或蛋形，中空有水像油，治疗白内障立刻见效。出产于铜坑的也很好，可以用来绘画。又有杨梅青、石青，都是一体，但气质有精粗之分。点化炼丹以曾青为上品，空青次之，杨梅青又次之。《造化指南》说：铜得到紫阳之气而生出绿色，绿色经过两百年生出石绿，铜才开始在其中生成。曾青、空青，是石绿得道的产物，都称为矿。又过两百年得到青阳之气，化为空青。看这些说法，空青有金坑、铜坑两种，有的大如拳卵，小如豆粒，有的成片块，有的像杨梅，虽然有精粗的差异，都以含有浆液为上乘，不空无浆的为下乘。
炼丹家以药物涂抹在铜器上使其生青，刮下来伪造成空青的，终究是铜青，不是石绿得道的产物。
【气味】味甘、酸，性寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：大寒。
李珣说：畏忌菟丝子。用酒浸泡、醋拌制过后，才能发挥作用。
【主治】治疗青盲耳聋，明目，通利九窍，通畅血脉，滋养精神，补益肝气。长期服用能使人身体轻便、延年益寿（出自《神农本草经》）。
治疗目赤痛，去除皮肤上的翳膜，止泪，通利水道，下乳汁，通关节，破除坚积。让人不忘事，志向高远如神仙（出自《名医别录》）。治疗头风，镇肝。瞳孔破裂者，使用后能重新看见东西（甄权）。
钻孔取浆，滴入多年的青盲内障翳膜，滋养精气。用其外壳摩擦翳膜（孟诜）。中风口眼歪斜，用豆子大小的量含在口中咽下，效果很好（李时珍，出自《范汪方》）。
苏颂说：治疗眼翳障蔽，是最关键的药物。
李时珍说：东方甲乙日，主管生发肝胆，其中清气者为肝血，精英者为胆汁。眼睛是肝的窍道，五脏的精华都汇聚于此，成为神。胆汁充足则眼睛明亮，胆汁减少则眼睛昏花。铜也是由青阳之气所生，其中清气者为绿色，犹如肝血；其精英为空青的浆液，犹如胆汁。空青之所以是治疗眼疾的神药，大概也是因为同类相感应的缘故。石中空的，埋在土中三到五天，自然会有浆水产生。
【附方】旧方两个，新方三个。
眼睛不明亮：取少许空青，浸泡在露水中一夜，滴眼。（出自《千金方》）
黑翳覆盖瞳孔：空青、煅烧过的矾石各一两，贝子四枚。研细，每日点眼。（出自《圣济录》）
肤翳昏暗：空青二钱，去皮的蕤仁一两，片脑三钱。研细，每日点眼。（出自《圣济录》）
一切眼疾，包括雀目、赤目、青盲、内外障翳、风眼，使用此方，感觉眼中凉冷即为有效。杨梅青（洗净）、胡黄连（洗）各二钱半，槐芽（日出前不要说话采摘，放入青竹筒内，悬挂在天德、月德方位，晾干，不要让鸡狗看见，研为末）一钱半。混合为末，加入龙脑一字，密封保存。每次睡觉前，漱口仰头，吹一字入两鼻孔内，然后睡觉，隔天一早就明亮了。（出自《圣济录》）
中风口眼歪斜：见主治部分。
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Names] Su Song stated: The character "Zi" (seed/child) here should be read as "Shui" (water). Since it is called "yellow turbid water," how can it be named "Zi"?
[Collection of Explanations] Su Gong stated: This is the yellow turbid water found inside the shells of Yuyuliang (Halloysitum), which has not yet congealed into Yuyuliang. It is found in places where Yuyuliang occurs.
Su Song stated: Currently, it is only produced in the Zhongtiao Valley of Hezhong Prefecture. The stone resembles a dough cake, with a purple-black color. The part inside the stone skin that is yellow is called "Zhonghuang" (Middle Yellow).
Ge Hong, in *Baopuzi*, stated: Shizhong Huangzi (Yellow Child in Stone) is found everywhere, especially in Qingshui Mountain. It exists within large stones, which are often moist and not dry. When striking the stone, one may find dozens of layers; inside, there is a reddish-yellow, flowing substance, resembling an egg within its shell. It should be consumed when it has not yet hardened. Otherwise, it will gradually solidify like stone and become unsuitable for consumption.
Breaking open one stone yields more than one sheng or less than several he, which can be taken in a single dose.
Zhao Min stated: The dried form of Shizhong Huang and its fine powder should be named Yuyuliang, not Shizhong Huang. This is evident from the phrase "not yet formed Yuyuliang" in the original text.
Li Shizhen stated: Yuyuliang is the fine powder that has already congealed in the stone; Shizhong Huang is the substance that has solidified hard like stone; and Shizhong Huangshui is the un-congealed liquid. Therefore, Lei Xiao said: Use Yuyuliang, do not use Shizhong Huang; this is correct.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Long-term consumption lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging (*Tang Bencao*).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Upper Grade)
[Names] Yangmeiqing (Bayberry Green).
Li Shizhen stated: "Kong" refers to its hollow texture, "Qing" refers to its green color, and "Yangmei" refers to its resemblance to a bayberry.
[Collection of Explanations] *Bielu* stated: Kongqing grows in the valleys of Yizhou and in Yueji where copper deposits exist. Kongqing is generated by the fumes of copper essence, and its interior is hollow. It is harvested in March, but can be collected at other times as well. It can transform copper, iron, lead, and tin into gold.
Tao Hongjing stated: Yueji belongs to Yizhou. There are no longer any Kongqing in the commanderies of Yizhou, likely due to long periods without mining. Those currently produced in Tongguan have the most vibrant and deep color; those from Shixing are inferior. Liangzhou Gaoping Commandery has Kongqing Mountains with abundant production. Current Kongqing is mostly round and solid like iron beads, lacking a hollow interior, and is chiseled out from earth and stone. When used in alchemy to refine pills, it can transform lead into gold. Among all mineral drugs, this is the most precious. Medical prescriptions rarely use it, and it is often used as a pigment for painting, which is a great pity.
Su Gong stated: Places producing copper also produce various types of "Qing" stones, but Kongqing is the rarest. It is now produced in Weizhou, Lanzhou, Xuanzhou, and Zizhou. The Xuanzhou variety is the best, with small pieces that sometimes have a hollow interior. The Weizhou and Lanzhou varieties are larger slabs, very dark in color, and lack a hollow interior. What Tao described as round and solid like iron beads is actually Baiqing (White Qing).
Meng Shen stated: Kongqing ranges from the size of a chicken egg to that of a acacia seed. Its green color is rich like a lychee shell, and it contains a sweet and sour liquid inside.
Chen Cangqi stated: The essence of copper produces Konglv (Green Hollow Stone) in its largest form, and Kongqing in the next tier.
Su Song stated: Raozhou and Xinzhou also occasionally produce it. It resembles a bayberry, hence the name Yangmeiqing. Those with a hollow interior containing liquid are extremely rare.
Su Song stated: Emperor Zhenzong once issued an edict to procure Kongqing containing water, which took a long time to obtain. The Yangmeiqing is mined from caves in Xinzhou and is extremely rare. It is highly effective in treating eye nebulae. It may also contain water, and its usage is the same as Kongqing, differing only in quality.
Li Shizhen stated: Zhang Guo, in *Yudong Yaojue*, said: Kongqing resembles a bayberry, absorbing the essence of gold and the Yin spiritual energy of Jia and Yi days. It grows near springs and becomes moist over time. Newly extracted from the Kan (Water) direction, drilling it releases water; after a long time, it dries up and shines like a pearl with golden stars. *Gengxin Yuce* stated: Kongqing is a Yin stone. The variety from Shangrao is best if it resembles stalactites; large pieces containing purple have luster. Next are those from Yandao in Shu and Beidai Mountain, born in the Kan position of metal, generating endlessly, thus turning green into cinnabar. Some are fist-sized or egg-shaped, hollow with oil-like water, instantly effective for blindness. Those from copper pits are also good for painting. Yangmeiqing and Shiqing are of the same origin but differ in refinement. For alchemical transformation, Cengqing is superior, Kongqing is second, and Yangmeiqing is third. *Zaohua Zhinan* stated: Copper generates green upon receiving Zi Yang Qi; after two hundred years, this green becomes Shilv (Malachite), and copper begins to form within it. Cengqing and Kongqing are the perfected forms of Shilv, both referred to as minerals. After another two hundred years, receiving Qing Yang Qi, they transform into Kongqing. Based on these accounts, Kongqing comes from two sources: Gold Pits and Copper Pits. Sizes range from fist/egg-sized to bean-sized, or in slabs or bayberry shapes. Although there are differences in refinement, those containing liquid are superior, while those that are not hollow and lack liquid are inferior.
Alchemists apply medicines to copper objects to generate green patina, scrape it off, and fake it as Kongqing. This is ultimately Tongqing (Copper Green), not the perfected form of Shilv.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, sour, cold, non-toxic. *Bielu* stated: Greatly cold.
Li Xun stated: It is incompatible with Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen). It must be processed with wine soaking and vinegar mixing to be effective.
[Indications] Treats Qingmang (blindness with clear cornea) and deafness, brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, unifies blood vessels, nourishes spirit, and supplements Liver Qi. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treats red and painful eyes, removes skin nebulae, stops tearing, benefits the water passages, promotes lactation, unifies joints, and breaks down firm accumulations. It enhances memory and elevates aspirations to that of immortals (*Bielu*). Treats Head Wind (cephalalgia caused by wind), calms the Liver. If the pupil is ruptured, using this allows vision to return (*Zhen Quan*).
Drill to extract the liquid and apply to chronic Qingmang, internal cataracts, and nebulae to nouressence and spirit. Rub the shell against nebulae (*Meng Shen*). For facial paralysis with mouth deviation, hold a bean-sized amount in the mouth and swallow; it is very effective (*Li Shizhen*, from *Fan Wang Fang*).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi stated: Kongqing corresponds to Wood, hence its green color and affinity for the Liver.
Su Song stated: It is the most crucial herb for treating eye nebulae and obstructions.
Li Shizhen stated: The East corresponds to Jia and Yi, governing the generation of the Gallbladder and Liver. The pure aspect of this Qi is Liver Blood, and its essence is Gallbladder Juice. The eyes are the opening of the Liver. The essence of the five Zang organs converges here to become Spirit. When Gallbladder Juice is sufficient, vision is clear; when reduced, vision is dim. Copper is also generated by Qing Yang Qi. Its pure aspect is green, analogous to Liver Blood; its essence is the liquid of Kongqing, analogous to Gallbladder Juice. That Kongqing is a divine medicine for eye diseases is likely due to the principle of resonance between similar things. Stones that are hollow will naturally produce liquid water after being buried in soil for three to five days.
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old, three new.
Eyesight unclear: Take a small amount of Kongqing, soak in dew overnight, and apply to the eyes (*Qianjin Fang*).
Black nebula covering the pupil: Kongqing and calcined Fan Shi (Alumen) each 1 liang, Bei Zi (Concha Meretricis) 4 pieces. Grind finely and apply daily (*Shengji Lu*).
Dull skin nebula: Kongqing 2 qian, Riren (Pomadermatis Semen, peeled) 1 liang, Pian Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum) 3 qian. Grind finely and apply daily (*Shengji Lu*).
For all eye diseases, including night blindness, red eyes, Qingmang, internal and external cataracts, and wind-eye: Efficacy is confirmed when a cool sensation is felt in the eyes. Yangmeiqing (washed) and Huhuanglian (Radix Scutellariae Barbatae, washed) each 2.5 qian, Huaiya (Sophorae Tonkinensis Flos, harvested before sunrise without speaking, placed in a green bamboo tube, hung in the direction of Tiande and Yuede deities, dried, protected from chickens and dogs, ground into powder) 1.5 qian. Mix into powder, add one zi of Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), and store tightly. Before sleep, rinse mouth, tilt head back, blow one zi of powder into each nostril, then sleep. Clarity returns by the next morning (*Shengji Lu*).
Facial paralysis with mouth deviation: See Indications.