（衫、惨二音。《救荒》）
【释名】龙爪粟、鸭爪稗。
时珍曰∶ 乃不粘之称也。又不实之貌也。龙爪、鸭爪，象其穗歧之形。
【集解】周定王曰∶ 子生水田中及下湿地。叶似稻，但差短。梢头结穗，仿佛稗子穗
。其子如黍粒大，茶褐色。捣米，煮粥、炊饭、磨面皆宜。
时珍曰∶ 子，山东、河南亦五月种之。苗如茭黍，八、九月抽茎，有三棱，如水中
草之茎。开细花，簇簇结穗如粟穗，而分数歧，如鹰爪之状。内有细子如黍粒而细，赤色。
其稃甚薄，其味粗涩。
【气味】甘，涩，无毒。
【主治】补中益气，浓肠胃，济饥。
（音败。《纲目》）
【释名】时珍曰∶稗乃禾之卑贱者也，故字从卑。
【集解】弘景曰∶稗子亦可食。又有乌禾，生野中如稗，荒年可代粮而杀虫，煮以沃地
，蝼、蚓皆死。
藏器曰∶稗有二种∶一种黄白色，一种紫黑色。紫黑者似芑有毛，北人呼为乌禾。
时珍曰∶稗处处野生，最能乱苗。其茎叶穗粒并如黍稷。一斗可得米三升。故曰∶五
谷不熟，不如 稗。 苗似稗而穗如粟，有紫毛，即乌禾也。《尔雅》谓之 （音迭）。周定
王曰∶稗有水稗、旱稗。水稗生田中。旱稗苗叶似 子，色深绿，根下叶带紫色。梢头
出扁穗，结子如黍粒，茶褐色，味微苦，性温。以煮粥、炊饭、磨面食之皆宜。
稗米
【气味】辛、甘、苦，微寒，无毒。
颖曰∶辛、脆。
【主治】作饭食，益气宜脾，故曹植有芳菰精稗之称（时珍）。
苗根
【主治】金疮及伤损，血出不已。捣敷或研末掺之即止，甚验（时珍）。
（“衫”、“惨”二字读音相同。出自《救荒本草》）
【释名】龙爪粟、鸭爪稗。
李时珍说：这是指不粘性的稗子。也是指果实不饱满的样子。“龙爪”、“鸭爪”，是形容其穗子分叉的形状像爪子。
【集解】周定王说：稗子生长在水田中以及低湿的地方。叶子像稻叶，只是稍短一些。梢头结出穗子，形状仿佛稗子的穗子。它的籽粒像黍米那么大，呈茶褐色。捣去壳后煮粥、做饭、磨面都适宜。
李时珍说：稗子的籽粒，在山东、河南等地也是在五月种植。幼苗像茭白和黍类植物，八、九月抽茎，茎有三棱，像水中的草茎。开出细小的花，簇簇结出的穗子像粟米的穗子，但分数个分叉，形状像鹰爪。里面有细小的籽粒，比黍米细，呈赤色。稗壳很薄，味道粗涩。
【气味】甘味，涩味，无毒。
【主治】补益中气，使肠胃厚实，救济饥荒。
（读音为“败”。出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】李时珍说：稗子是禾本科植物中地位卑贱的，所以字形从“卑”。
【集解】陶弘景说：稗子也可以食用。还有一种叫乌禾，生长在野外像稗子，荒年可以代替粮食吃，但它能杀虫，煮熟后浇灌土地，蝼蛄、蚯蚓都会死掉。
孟诜说：稗有两种：一种黄白色，一种紫黑色。紫黑色的像芑（一种谷物）且有毛，北方人称为乌禾。
李时珍说：稗子在各地野生，最能混杂在禾苗中。它的茎、叶、穗、粒都像黍和稷。一斗稗子可得米三升。所以说：“五谷不收，不如收稗。”幼苗像稗子但穗子像粟米，有紫色的毛，就是乌禾。《尔雅》称之为“䅃”（音迭）。周定王说：稗有水稗和旱稗两种。水稗生长在水中。旱稗的苗叶像䅃子，颜色深绿，根部的叶子带紫色。梢头长出扁穗，结出的籽粒像黍米，呈茶褐色，味道微苦，性温。用来煮粥、做饭、磨面食都适宜。
稗米
【气味】辛味、甘味、苦味，微寒，无毒。
颖曰：辛味，脆。
【主治】做米饭吃，益气健脾，所以曹植有“芳菰精稗”的称呼（李时珍注）。
稗苗、稗根
【主治】金创刀伤及跌打损伤，出血不止。捣碎外敷或研成粉末撒在伤口上即可止血，效果非常显著（李时珍注）。
(Shan, can two pronunciations. From *Jiu Huang Ben Cao* [Essential Materia Medica for Saving the Hungry])
[Names] Longzhao Su (Dragon-Claw Millet), Yazha Bai (Duck-Claw Barnyard Grass).
Shizhen said: This refers to the non-glutinous variety. It also describes the appearance of being fruitless or empty. "Dragon-claw" and "duck-claw" imitate the shape of its branched panicles.
[Collected Explanations] King Ding of Zhou said: The seeds grow in paddy fields and low-lying wetlands. The leaves resemble those of rice but are slightly shorter. Panicles form at the tips, resembling barnyard grass panicles. The seeds are as large as millet grains, tea-brown in color. After dehusking, it is suitable for making porridge, cooking rice, or grinding into flour.
Shizhen said: In Shandong and Henan provinces, the seeds are also planted in May. The seedlings resemble Zizania latifolia (Wild Rice Stem) and Setaria italica (Millet). In August and September, stems emerge with three edges, resembling aquatic plant stems. Small flowers bloom, forming clustered panicles like millet panicles, but branching into several divisions, resembling eagle claws. Inside are fine seeds smaller than millet grains, reddish in color. The husks are very thin, and the taste is coarse and astringent.
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, astringent, non-toxic.
[Indications] Tonifies the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner) and supplements Qi, thickens the intestines and stomach, and relieves famine.
(Pronounced "bai". From *Ben Cao Gang Mu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
[Names] Shizhen said: Bai (Barnyard Grass) is the humblest among cereal crops; hence the character contains the radical "bei" (humble).
[Collected Explanations] Hongjing said: Barnyard grass seeds are edible. There is also a variety called Wuhe (Black Grain), which grows wild and resembles barnyard grass. In years of famine, it can serve as a substitute for grain, but it is insecticidal; when boiled and used to irrigate the land, earthworms and mole crickets die.
Cangqi said: There are two types of barnyard grass: one is yellowish-white, the other is purple-black. The purple-black type resembles Qi (a type of grain) and has hairs; people in the north call it Wuhe.
Shizhen said: Barnyard grass grows wild everywhere and easily confuses crop seedlings. Its stems, leaves, panicles, and grains resemble millet and broomcorn millet. One dou (approx. 10 liters) yields three sheng (approx. 3 liters) of rice. Hence it is said: "If the five cereals fail to ripen, it is better to harvest barnyard grass." The seedling resembles barnyard grass, but the panicle resembles millet with purple hairs; this is Wuhe. *Er Ya* calls it "Di" (pronounced die). King Ding of Zhou said: There are water barnyard grass and dry barnyard grass. Water barnyard grass grows in fields. Dry barnyard grass seedlings and leaves resemble Di, are dark green, and the lower leaves near the roots are purplish. Flat panicles emerge from the tips, bearing seeds like millet grains, tea-brown in color, with a slightly bitter taste and warm nature. It is suitable for making porridge, cooking rice, or grinding into food.
Bai Mi (Barnyard Rice)
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, sweet, bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Ying said: Pungent, crisp.
[Indications] When eaten as rice, it benefits Qi and harmonizes the Spleen. Therefore, Cao Zhi referred to it as "Fanggu Jingbai" (Fragrant Colocasia and Refined Barnyard Rice) (Shizhen's note).
Bai Miao Gen (Barnyard Grass Seedlings and Roots)
[Indications] For metallic wounds and traumatic injuries with continuous bleeding. Apply crushed fresh herb externally or sprinkle powdered herb on the wound to stop bleeding; highly effective (Shizhen's note).