（宋《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶小青生福州，三月生花，彼土人当月采叶用之。
叶
【气味】温，无毒。
【主治】生捣，敷痈肿疮疖甚效（苏颂）。治血痢腹痛，研汁服，解
【附方】新三。
蛇虺螫伤∶《卫生易简方》∶用小青一握（细研），入香白芷半两。酒调服。手 患处，
候
黄水出为效。《摘玄方》∶用小青、大青、牛膝叶同捣汁，和酒服，以渣敷之。
中暑发昏∶小青叶（井水浸去泥），控干，入沙糖擂汁，急灌之。（《寿域方》）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】苦豆。
【集解】禹锡曰∶葫芦巴出广州并黔州。春生苗，夏结子，子作细荚，至秋采。今人
多用岭南者。或云是番萝卜子，未审的否？
颂曰∶今出广州。或云种出海南诸番，盖其地芦菔子也。舶客将种莳于岭外亦生，然不
及番中来者真好。今医家治元脏虚冷为要药，而唐已前方不见用，本草不着，盖是近出。
【修治】时珍曰∶凡入药，淘净，以酒浸一宿，晒干，蒸熟或炒过用。
【气味】苦，大温，无毒。杲曰∶纯阳。
【主治】元脏虚冷气。得附子、硫黄，治肾虚冷，腹胁胀满，面色青黑。得 香子、桃
仁，治膀胱气甚效（嘉 ）。治冷气疝瘕，寒湿香港脚，益右肾，暖丹田（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶膀胱气，用此合桃仁（麸炒）等分。为末，半为散，半以酒糊和丸梧
子大。每服五、七十丸，空心盐酒下；其散，以热米饮下，与丸子相间，空心服，日各一、
二服。时珍曰∶葫芦巴，右肾命门药也。元阳不足，冷气潜伏，不能归元者，宜之。宋
《惠民和剂局方》，有葫芦巴丸，治大人、小儿，小肠奔豚偏坠，及小腹有形如卵，上下走
痛，不可忍者。用葫芦巴八钱，茴香六钱，巴戟（去心）、川乌头（炮去皮）各二钱，楝实
（去
核）四钱，吴茱萸五钱。并炒为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服十五丸，小儿五丸，盐酒下。太医
薛已云∶一人
有人病目不睹，思食苦豆，即葫芦巴，频频不缺。不周岁而目中微痛，如虫行入 ，渐明而
愈。按∶此亦因其益命门之功，所谓益火之原，以消阴翳是也。
【附方】新六。
小肠气痛∶葫芦巴（炒）研末，每服二钱，茴香酒下。（《直指方》）
肾脏虚冷，腹胁胀满∶葫芦巴（炒）二两，熟附子、硫黄各七钱五分。为末，酒煮曲糊
丸梧桐子大，每盐汤下三、四十丸。（《圣济总录》）冷气疝瘕∶葫芦巴（酒浸晒干）、荞麦（炒，
研面）各四两，小茴香一两。为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服五十丸，空心盐汤或盐酒下。服至
两月，大便出白脓，则除根。（方广《心法附余》）
阴 肿痛偏坠，或小肠疝气，下元虚冷，久不愈者，沉香内消丸主之∶沉香、木香各半
两，葫芦巴（酒浸炒）、小茴香（炒）各二两。为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服五、七十丸，盐
酒下。
气攻头痛∶葫芦巴（炒）、三棱（酒浸焙）各半两，干姜（炮）二钱半，为末，姜汤或
温酒每服二钱。（《济生方》）
寒湿香港脚，腿膝疼痛，行步无力∶胡芦巴（酒浸一宿，焙）、破故纸（炒
香）各四两。为末。以木瓜切顶去瓤，安药在内令满，用顶合住签定，烂蒸，捣丸梧子
大。每服七十丸，空心温酒下。（《杨氏家藏方》）
（宋《图经本草》）
【集解】苏颂说：小青生长在福州，三月开花，当地人在当月采摘叶子使用。
叶
【气味】性温，无毒。
【主治】生捣后外敷，治疗痈肿疮疖非常有效（苏颂）。治疗血痢腹痛，研磨取汁服用。
【附方】新增三方。
蛇蝎咬伤：《卫生易简方》：取一把小青（细细研磨），加入半两香白芷。用酒调服。将药渣敷于患处，等待黄水流出即为有效。《摘玄方》：取小青、大青、牛膝叶一同捣烂取汁，和酒服用，并将药渣敷在患处。
中暑昏厥：小青叶（用井水浸泡洗净泥土），控干水分，加入砂糖研磨取汁，紧急灌服。（《寿域方》）
（宋《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】苦豆。
【集解】禹锡说：葫芦巴出产于广州和黔州。春天生苗，夏天结子，种子呈细长荚状，到秋天采收。现在人们多用岭南产的。有人说它是番萝卜子，不知是否确切？
苏颂说：现在出产于广州。有人说它原产于海南各国的番地，大概是那里的芦菔子（萝卜子）。海客将种子带到岭外种植也能生长，但比不上从番地运来的品质好。现在医家将其作为治疗元脏虚冷的重要药物，但在唐代以前的方书中未见使用，本草书籍也未记载，大概是近代才出现的。
【修治】李时珍说：凡是入药，需淘洗干净，用酒浸泡一夜，晒干，蒸熟或炒过后使用。
【气味】味苦，大温，无毒。杲说：纯阳之性。
【主治】治疗元脏虚冷气痛。配合附子、硫黄，可治疗肾虚冷，腹胁胀满，面色青黑。配合小茴香、桃仁，治疗膀胱气非常有效（《嘉祐本草》）。治疗冷气疝瘕，寒湿脚气，补益右肾，温暖丹田（李时珍）。
【发明】宗奭说：治疗膀胱气，将此药与桃仁（麸炒）等分。研为细末，一半做成散剂，一半用酒糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五、七十丸，空腹用盐酒送服；散剂则用热米汤送服，与丸剂交替服用，空腹吃，每天各一、二服。李时珍说：葫芦巴是治疗右肾命门的药物。元阳不足，冷气潜伏，不能回归本源者，适宜使用。宋代《惠民和剂局方》中有葫芦巴丸，治疗大人、小儿的小肠奔豚偏坠，以及小腹有形如卵块，上下游走疼痛，难以忍受的情况。用葫芦巴八钱，茴香六钱，巴戟天（去心）、川乌头（炮制去皮）各二钱，楝实（去核）四钱，吴茱萸五钱。一起炒后研为细末，用酒糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用十五丸，小儿五丸，用盐酒送服。太医薛已说：有一人患眼疾看不见东西，想吃苦豆，即葫芦巴，频繁食用不间断。不到一年眼中微痛，感觉像虫子爬行进入眼中，随后视力逐渐清晰而痊愈。按：这也是因为它具有补益命门的功效，所谓“益火之原，以消阴翳”就是这个道理。
【附方】新增六方。
小肠气痛：葫芦巴（炒）研末，每次服用二钱，用茴香酒送服。（《直指方》）
肾脏虚冷，腹胁胀满：葫芦巴（炒）二两，熟附子、硫黄各七钱五分。研为细末，用酒煮曲糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂，每次用盐汤送服三、四十丸。（《圣济总录》）冷气疝瘕：葫芦巴（酒浸晒干）、荞麦（炒，研面）各四两，小茴香一两。研为细末，用酒糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五十丸，空腹用盐汤或盐酒送服。服用两个月，大便排出白脓，即可除根。（方广《心法附余》）
阴囊肿痛偏坠，或小肠疝气，下元虚冷，久不愈者，主方为沉香内消丸：沉香、木香各半两，葫芦巴（酒浸炒）、小茴香（炒）各二两。研为细末，用酒糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五、七十丸，用盐酒送服。
气攻头痛：葫芦巴（炒）、三棱（酒浸焙）各半两，干姜（炮）二钱半，研为细末，每次服用二钱，用姜汤或温酒送服。（《济生方》）
寒湿脚气，腿膝疼痛，行走无力：胡芦巴（酒浸一夜，焙）、破故纸（炒香）各四两。研为细末。将木瓜切去顶部并挖去瓤，将药填入其中使其充满，用顶部盖住并用线固定，蒸烂，捣成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用七十丸，空腹用温酒送服。（《杨氏家藏方》）
(Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao*)
[Collected Explanations] Song said: Xiaoqing (Small Green Herb) grows in Fuzhou. It flowers in the third lunar month, and local people harvest its leaves for use during that month.
Leaf
[Flavor and Properties] Warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Freshly crushed and applied externally, it is very effective for treating carbuncles, swellings, sores, and boils (Su Song). For treating bloody dysentery with abdominal pain, grind and take the juice orally.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Snake or scorpion bite: *Weisheng Yijian Fang*: Take a handful of Xiaoqing (finely ground), add half tael of Xiangbaizhi (Angelica dahurica), mix with wine and ingest. Apply the residue to the affected area; efficacy is indicated when yellow fluid drains out. *Zhaixuan Fang*: Grind together Xiaoqing, Daqing (Isatis root), and Niuxi leaf (Achyranthes bidentata) to extract juice, mix with wine for oral administration, and apply the residue topically.
Heatstroke with fainting: Xiaoqing leaves (soaked in well water to remove mud), drained, mixed with rock sugar and ground to extract juice, administered urgently by force-feeding. (*Shouyu Fang*)
(Song Dynasty *Jiyao Bencao*)
[Names] Kudou (Bitter Bean).
[Collected Explanations] Yuxi said: Hulusiba (Trigonella foenum-graecum) originates from Guangzhou and Qianzhou. Sprouts appear in spring, seeds form in summer, the pods are slender, and harvesting occurs in autumn. Currently, people mostly use those from Lingnan. Some claim it is the seed of foreign radishes, but this is uncertain.
Song said: It is currently produced in Guangzhou. Some say it was introduced from various foreign lands in Hainan, likely being the Luofu zi (radish seed) of those regions. Merchants who brought seeds to plant outside the Ling Mountains found they could grow there, though not as high quality as those imported from foreign lands. Currently, physicians regard it as a crucial medicine for treating deficiency-cold of the Yuan Zang (Primary Viscera). However, it was not used in prescriptions prior to the Tang Dynasty, nor was it recorded in earlier Materia Medica texts, suggesting it is a recent introduction.
[Preparation] Li Shizhen said: When preparing for medicinal use, wash thoroughly, soak in wine overnight, dry, then either steam until cooked or stir-fry before use.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, greatly warm, non-toxic. Gao said: Pure Yang nature.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats Qi pain due to Yuan Zang deficiency-cold. Combined with Fuzi (Aconite lateral root) and Liuhuang (Sulfur), it treats Kidney deficiency-cold, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, and bluish-black complexion. Combined with Huixiang (Fennel fruit) and Taoren (Peach seed), it is highly effective for treating Bladder Qi stagnation (*Jiyao Bencao*). Treats cold-type hernia masses, damp-cold Jiaoxie (Gouty arthritis/leg swelling), tonifies the Right Kidney, and warms the Dantian (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidations] Zongshi said: For treating Bladder Qi stagnation, combine this herb with Taoren (bran-fried) in equal parts. Grind into powder; half is used as a powder, half is made into pills the size of wutong seeds using wine paste. Take 50–70 pills on an empty stomach with salted wine; the powder should be taken with hot rice gruel, alternating with the pills, taken on an empty stomach, one to two doses daily. Li Shizhen said: Hulusiba is a medicine for the Right Kidney and Mingmen (Gate of Life). It is suitable for cases of insufficient Yuan Yang, latent cold qi, and failure of Qi to return to its source. The Song Dynasty *Huimin Heji Jufang* contains Hulusiba Wan, which treats adults and children suffering from Xiaochang Bentun (running piglet syndrome) with unilateral descent, or palpable egg-shaped masses in the lower abdomen that move up and down causing unbearable pain. It uses 8 qian of Hulusiba, 6 qian of Huixiang, 2 qian each of Bajitian (Morinda officinalis, heart removed) and Chuanwutou (Aconitum carmichaelii, processed and peeled), 4 qian of Lianshi (Melia azedarach fruit, pit removed), and 5 qian of Wuzhuyu (Evodia fruit). All are stir-fried, ground into powder, and formed into pills the size of wutong seeds using wine paste. Take 15 pills (5 for children) with salted wine. Imperial Physician Xue Yi stated: A patient suffered from blindness and craved Kudou (Hulusiba), consuming it frequently without interruption. Within less than a year, mild pain felt like insects crawling in the eyes occurred, followed by gradual restoration of vision and recovery. Note: This demonstrates its merit in benefiting the Mingmen, illustrating the principle of "benefiting the origin of fire to dissipate yin shadows."
[Attached Prescriptions] Six new prescriptions.
Xiaochang Qi pain: Hulusiba (stir-fried) ground into powder, take 2 qian per dose with Huixiang wine. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Kidney deficiency-cold with abdominal/hypochondriac fullness: Hulusiba (stir-fried) 2 liang, Shu Fuzi (prepared Aconite) and Liuhuang each 7.5 qian. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills using wine-boiled yeast paste. Take 30–40 pills per dose with salt water. (*Shengji Zonglu*) Cold-type hernia masses: Hulusiba (wine-soaked and dried) and Qiaomai (buckwheat, stir-fried and ground) each 4 liang, Xiaohuixiang 1 liang. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills with wine paste. Take 50 pills per dose on an empty stomach with salt water or salted wine. After two months of administration, if white pus is discharged in stool, the root cause is eliminated. (Fang Guang *Xinfa Fuyu*)
Scrotal swelling/pain with unilateral descent, or Xiaochang hernia, chronic lower-yuan deficiency-cold: The primary prescription is Chenxiang Neixiao Wan: Chenxiang (Agarwood) and Muxiang (Vladimiria root) each half tael, Hulusiba (wine-soaked and fried) and Xiaohuixiang (stir-fried) each 2 liang. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills with wine paste. Take 50–70 pills per dose with salted wine.
Qi-attacking headache: Hulusiba (stir-fried) and Sanleng (Sparganium rhizome, wine-soaked and baked) each half tael, Ganjiang (Dried ginger) 2.5 qian. Ground into powder, take 2 qian per dose with ginger tea or warm wine. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Damp-cold Jiaoxie (leg swelling/pain), leg and knee pain, weakness in walking: Hulusiba (wine-soaked overnight, baked) and Pozhuzi (Psoralea corylifolia, stir-fried until fragrant) each 4 liang. Ground into powder. Cut the top off a papaya, scoop out the pulp, fill with the medicine, replace the top, secure, and steam until soft. Mash and form into wutong-sized pills. Take 70 pills per dose on an empty stomach with warm wine. (*Yangshi Jiancang Fang*)